Hepatocyte Growth Factor Is a Reliable Marker for Efficient Anti-Bacterial Therapy within the First Day of Treatment
Affiliation(s)
1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University Hospital, Linköping and PEAS Institute, Linköping, Sweden. 2 Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden. 3 Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden. 4 Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden. 5 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden.
1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University Hospital, Linköping and PEAS Institute, Linköping, Sweden. 2 Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden. 3 Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden. 4 Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden. 5 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden.
ABSTRACT
Rapid diagnosis and choice of appropriate antibiotic treatment might be life-saving in serious infectious diseases. Still the available markers that can evaluate and monitor the diagnosis and treatment are few. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been studied as a potent regenerative factor produced and released during injuries such as infectious diseases. Monitoring of HGF levels might predict therapy results better than C-reactive protein (CRP) within the first day of treatment in pneumonia. For further investigation of previous observations we aimed to study HGF as a first-day marker in over-representing infectious diseases in comparison to procalcitonin (PCT), CRP and body temperature. Fifty-one patients with community acquired infectious diseases were included consequently at admittance and the serum samples were collected before and within 18 - 24 hours of treatment. HGF levels decreased significantly in case of efficient antibiotic therapy and HGF was shown to be better than PCT, CRP and body temperature to evaluate treatment. In patients with pneumonia, monitoring of HGF was most reasonable. HGF might be used as a therapeutic marker within the first day of empiric antibiotic treatment during infection.
Rapid diagnosis and choice of appropriate antibiotic treatment might be life-saving in serious infectious diseases. Still the available markers that can evaluate and monitor the diagnosis and treatment are few. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been studied as a potent regenerative factor produced and released during injuries such as infectious diseases. Monitoring of HGF levels might predict therapy results better than C-reactive protein (CRP) within the first day of treatment in pneumonia. For further investigation of previous observations we aimed to study HGF as a first-day marker in over-representing infectious diseases in comparison to procalcitonin (PCT), CRP and body temperature. Fifty-one patients with community acquired infectious diseases were included consequently at admittance and the serum samples were collected before and within 18 - 24 hours of treatment. HGF levels decreased significantly in case of efficient antibiotic therapy and HGF was shown to be better than PCT, CRP and body temperature to evaluate treatment. In patients with pneumonia, monitoring of HGF was most reasonable. HGF might be used as a therapeutic marker within the first day of empiric antibiotic treatment during infection.
KEYWORDS
Hepatocyte Growth Factor, C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin, Temperature, Antibacterial Therapy
Hepatocyte Growth Factor, C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin, Temperature, Antibacterial Therapy
Cite this paper
Abednazari, H. , Brudin, L. , Almroth, G. , Nilsson, I. , Nayeri, F. (2014) Hepatocyte Growth Factor Is a Reliable Marker for Efficient Anti-Bacterial Therapy within the First Day of Treatment. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 5, 823-830. doi: 10.4236/abb.2014.510096.
Abednazari, H. , Brudin, L. , Almroth, G. , Nilsson, I. , Nayeri, F. (2014) Hepatocyte Growth Factor Is a Reliable Marker for Efficient Anti-Bacterial Therapy within the First Day of Treatment. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 5, 823-830. doi: 10.4236/abb.2014.510096.
References
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[33] Dowd, S.E., Sun, Y., Secor, P.R., Rhoads, D.D., Wolcott, B.M., James, G.A. and Wolcott, R.D. (2008) Survey of Bacterial Diversity in Chronic Wounds Using Pyrosequencing, DGGE, and Full Ribosome Shotgun Sequencing. BMC Microbiology, 8, 43. [34] http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-8-43 [35] Conia, P.B., Davidson, H.L. and Lipsky, B.A. (2008) The Evaluation and Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 9, 717-730. [36] http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14656566.9.5.717 [37] Mandell, G.L., Bennett, J.E. and Dolin, R. (2009) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 15th Edition, Vol. 1, New York, Chruchill Livingstone, 604-607. [38] Clyne, B. and Olshaker, J.S. (1999) The C-Reactive Protein. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 17, 1019-1925. [39] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0736-4679(99)00135-3 [40] Meisner, M., Schmidt, J., Hüttner, H. and Tschaikowsky, K. 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[1] Giuliano, K.K. (2001) Continuous Physiologic Monitoring and the Identification of Sepsis: What Is the Evidence Supporting Current Clinical Practice? AACN Advanced Critical Care, 17, 215-223. [2] http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01256961-200604000-00017 [3] Giuliano, K.K. (2007) Physiological Monitoring for Critically Ill Patients: Testing a Predictive Model for the Early Detection of Sepsis. American Journal of Critical Care, 16, 122-130. [4] Póvoa, P. (2008) Serum Markers in Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 21, 157-162. [5] http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f47c32 [6] Póvoa, P., Coelho, L., Almeida, E., Fernandes, A., Mealha, R., Moreira, P. and Sabino, H. (2006) Early Identification of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Infections with Daily Monitoring of C-Reactive Protein: A Prospective Observational Study. Critical Care, 10, R63. [7] http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc4892 [8] Becker, K.L., Snider, R. and Nylen, E.S. (2008) Procalcitonin Assay in Systemic Inflammation, Infection, and Sepsis: Clinical Utility and Limitations. Critical Care Medicine, 36, 941-952. [9] http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0B013E318165BABB [10] Schütte, K. and Malfertheiner, P. (2008) Markers for Predicting Severity and Progression of Acute Pancreatitis. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 22, 75-90. [11] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2007.10.013 [12] Matsumoto, K. and Nakamura, T. (1991) Hepatocyte Growth Factor: Molecular Structure and Implications for a Central Role in Liver Regeneration. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 6, 509-519. [13] http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.1991.tb00897.x [14] Nayeri, F., Nilsson, I., Brudin, L., Fryden, A., Söderström, C. and Forsberg, P. (2002) High Serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor Levels in the Acute Stage of Community-Acquired Infectious Diseases. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 34, 127-130. [15] http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365540110077236 [16] Ohnishi, H., Mizuno, S. and Nakamura, T. (2008) Inhibition of Tubular Cell Proliferation by Neutralizing Endogenous HGF Leads to Renal Hypoxia and Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Engraftment in Acute Renal Failure. American journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology, 294, F326-F335. [17] Mizuno, S., Matsumoto, K. and Nakamura, T. (2008) HGF as a Renotrophic and Anti-Fibrotic Regulator in Chronic Renal Disease. Frontiers in Bioscience, 13, 7072-7086. [18] http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/3211 [19] Nayeri, F., Strömberg, T., Larsson, M., Brudin, L., Söderström, C. and Forsberg, P. (2002) Hepatocyte Growth Factor may Accelerate Healing in Chronic Leg Ulcers: A Pilot Study. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 13, 81-86. [20] http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095466302317584449 [21] Nayeri, F., Nilsson, I., Skude, G., Brudin, L. and Söderström, C. (1998) Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) in Patients with Pneumonia: A Comparison between Survivors and Non-Survivors. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30, 405-409. [22] http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365549850160729 [23] Nayeri, F., Millinger, E., Nilsson, I., Zetterström, O., Brudin, L. and Forsberg, P. (2002) Exhaled Breath Condensate and Serum Levels of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Pneumonia. Respiratory Medicine, 96, 115-119. [24] http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/rmed.2001.1225 [25] Nayeri, F., Brudin, L., Darelid, J., Nilsson, I., Fryden, A., Söderström, C. and Forsberg, P. (2002) Hepatocyte Growth Factor May Act as an Early Therapeutic Predictor in Pneumonia. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 34, 500-504. [26] http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365540110080890 [27] Abednazari, H., Xu, J., Millinger, E., Brudin, L., Forsberg, P. and Nayeri, F. (2006) Hepatocyte Growth Factor Is a Better Indicator of Therapeutic Response than C-Reactive Protein within the First Day of Treatment in Pneumonia. Chemotherapy, 52, 260-263. [28] http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000094868 [29] Smith, D.L. and Fehling, P.C. (1996) Reliability of Infrared Tympanic Thermometry (ITT). Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 67, 272-274. [30] Rutherford, A.E., Hynan, L.S., Borges, C.B., Forcione, D.J., Blackard, J.T., Lin, W., Gorman, A.R., Shaikh, O.S., Reuben, A., Harrison, E., Reddy, K.R., Le, W.M. and Chung, R.T. (2007) Serum Apoptosis Markers in Acute Liver Failure: A Pilot Study. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 5, 1477-1483. [31] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2007.08.007 [32] Celestin, R., Brown, J., Kihiczak, G. and Schwartz, R.A. (2007) Erysipelas: A Common Potentially Dangerous Infection. Acta dermatovenerologica Alpina, Panonica, et Adriatica, 16, 123-127. [33] Dowd, S.E., Sun, Y., Secor, P.R., Rhoads, D.D., Wolcott, B.M., James, G.A. and Wolcott, R.D. (2008) Survey of Bacterial Diversity in Chronic Wounds Using Pyrosequencing, DGGE, and Full Ribosome Shotgun Sequencing. BMC Microbiology, 8, 43. [34] http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-8-43 [35] Conia, P.B., Davidson, H.L. and Lipsky, B.A. (2008) The Evaluation and Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 9, 717-730. [36] http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14656566.9.5.717 [37] Mandell, G.L., Bennett, J.E. and Dolin, R. (2009) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 15th Edition, Vol. 1, New York, Chruchill Livingstone, 604-607. [38] Clyne, B. and Olshaker, J.S. (1999) The C-Reactive Protein. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 17, 1019-1925. [39] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0736-4679(99)00135-3 [40] Meisner, M., Schmidt, J., Hüttner, H. and Tschaikowsky, K. (2000) The Natural Elimination Rate of Procalcitonin in Patients with Normal and Impaired Renal Function. Intensive Care Medicine, 26, S212-S216. [41] http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340051146 [42] Hatzistilianou, M. (2010) Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of Procalcitonin in Infections. Scientific World Journal, 10, 1941-1946. [43] http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.181 [44] Nayeri, F., Brudin, L., Nilsson, I. and Forsberg, P. (2002) Sample Handling and Stability of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Blood Samples. Cytokine, 19, 201-205. [45] http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cyto.2002.1050 [46] Liu, K., Kato, Y., Narukawa, M., Kim, D.C., Hanano, M., Higuchi, O., Nakamura, T. and Sugiyama, Y. (1992) Importance of Liver in Plasma Clearance of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Rats. American Journal of Physiology, 263, G642-G649.