Evaluation of Transition Points between Different Solid Phases in Aqueous Media
Affiliation(s)
Department of Oncology, The University Hospital in Cracow, Cracow, Poland. Faculty of Engineering and Chemical Technology, Technical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland.
Department of Oncology, The University Hospital in Cracow, Cracow, Poland. Faculty of Engineering and Chemical Technology, Technical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland.
ABSTRACT
A uniform procedure is suggested for calculation of the pHt value(s) separating
equilibrium solid phases in pH scale, at an excess of the precipitating agent. The pHt value, related to pairs of
precipitates formed from the species 
and 
, fulfils the relation 
, where F is a constant value involving pKso’s for solubility
products (Kso’s) of these
precipitates, and the equilibrium data, related to the species composing these
precipitates.
Cite this paper
Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, A. and Michałowski, T. (2014) Evaluation of Transition Points between Different Solid Phases in Aqueous Media. Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation, 4, 87-94. doi: 10.4236/jasmi.2014.43012.
Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, A. and Michałowski, T. (2014) Evaluation of Transition Points between Different Solid Phases in Aqueous Media. Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation, 4, 87-94. doi: 10.4236/jasmi.2014.43012.
References
[1] Michalowski, T. and Pietrzyk, A. (2006) A Thermodynamic Study of Struvite + Water system. Talanta, 68, 594-601.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2005.04.052 [2] Michalowski, T. and Asuero, A.G. (2012) Thermodynamic Modeling of Dolomite Behavior in Aqueous Media. Journal of Thermodynamics, 2012, Article ID 723052.
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jtd/2012/723052/cta/ [3] Michalowski, T. (2011) Application of GATES and MATLAB for Resolution of Equilibrium, Metastable and Non-Equilibrium Electrolytic Systems. In: Michalowski, T., Ed., Applications of MATLAB in Science and Engineering, Chapter 1, InTech, Rijeka, 1-34.
http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/applications-of-matlab-in-science-and-engineering [4] Michalowski, T. and Lesiak, A. (1994) Formulation of Generalized Equations for Redox Titration Curves. Chemia Anali-Tyczna (Warsaw), 39, 623-637. [5] Michalowski, T., Ponikvar-Svet, M., Asuero, A.G. and Kupiec, K. (2012) Thermodynamic and Kinetic Effects Involved with pH Titration of As(III) with Iodine in a Buffered Malonate System. Journal of Solution Chemistry, 41, 436-446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10953-012-9815-6 [6] Michalowski, T., Asuero, A.G., Ponikvar-Svet, M., Toporek, M., Pietrzyk, A. and Rymanowski, M. (2012) Principles of Computer Programming Applied to Simulated pH-Static Titration of Cyanide According to a Modified Liebig-Denigès Method. Journal of Solution Chemistry, 41, 1224-1239.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10953-012-9864-x [7] Michalowski, T., Toporek, M., Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk, A.M. and Asuero, A.G. (2013) New Trends in Studies on Electrolytic Redox Systems. Electrochimica Acta, 109, 519-531.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.125 [8] Michalowski, T., Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk, A.M. and Toporek, M. (2013) Formulation of General Criterion Distinguishing between Non-Redox and Redox Systems. Electrochimica Acta, 112, 199-211.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.153 [9] Michalowski, T. (1982) Solubility Diagrams and Their Use in Gravimetric Analysis. Chemia Analityczna, 27, 39. [10] Dirkse, T.P., Michalowski, T., Akaiwa, H. and Izumi, F. (1986) Copper, Silver, Gold and Zinc, Cadmium, Mercury Oxides and Hydroxides. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
http://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/ocm12945958 [11] Michalowski, T., Janecki, D., Lechowicz, W. and Meus, M. (1996) pH Intervals for Precipitates in Two-Phase Systems. Chemia Analityczna (Warsaw), 41, 687-695. [12] Crannell, B.S., Eighmy, T.T., Krzanowski, J.E., Eusden Jr., J.D. Shaw, E.L. and Francis, C.A. (2000) Heavy Metal Stabilization in Municipal Solid Waste Combustion Bottom Ash Using Soluble Phosphate. Waste Management, 20, 135-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(99)00312-8 [13] Viellard, P. and Tardy, Y. (1984) Thermochemical Properties of Phosphates. In: Nriagu, J.O. and Moore P.B., Eds., Phosphate Minerals, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 171-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61736-2_4 [14] Inczédy, J. (1976) Analytical Applications of Complex Equilibia. Horwood, Chichester. [15] Saisa-ard, O. and Haller, K.J. (2012) Crystallization of Lead Phosphate in Gel Systems. Engineering Journal, 16, 161-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2012.16.3.161
[1] Michalowski, T. and Pietrzyk, A. (2006) A Thermodynamic Study of Struvite + Water system. Talanta, 68, 594-601.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2005.04.052 [2] Michalowski, T. and Asuero, A.G. (2012) Thermodynamic Modeling of Dolomite Behavior in Aqueous Media. Journal of Thermodynamics, 2012, Article ID 723052.
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jtd/2012/723052/cta/ [3] Michalowski, T. (2011) Application of GATES and MATLAB for Resolution of Equilibrium, Metastable and Non-Equilibrium Electrolytic Systems. In: Michalowski, T., Ed., Applications of MATLAB in Science and Engineering, Chapter 1, InTech, Rijeka, 1-34.
http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/applications-of-matlab-in-science-and-engineering [4] Michalowski, T. and Lesiak, A. (1994) Formulation of Generalized Equations for Redox Titration Curves. Chemia Anali-Tyczna (Warsaw), 39, 623-637. [5] Michalowski, T., Ponikvar-Svet, M., Asuero, A.G. and Kupiec, K. (2012) Thermodynamic and Kinetic Effects Involved with pH Titration of As(III) with Iodine in a Buffered Malonate System. Journal of Solution Chemistry, 41, 436-446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10953-012-9815-6 [6] Michalowski, T., Asuero, A.G., Ponikvar-Svet, M., Toporek, M., Pietrzyk, A. and Rymanowski, M. (2012) Principles of Computer Programming Applied to Simulated pH-Static Titration of Cyanide According to a Modified Liebig-Denigès Method. Journal of Solution Chemistry, 41, 1224-1239.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10953-012-9864-x [7] Michalowski, T., Toporek, M., Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk, A.M. and Asuero, A.G. (2013) New Trends in Studies on Electrolytic Redox Systems. Electrochimica Acta, 109, 519-531.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.125 [8] Michalowski, T., Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk, A.M. and Toporek, M. (2013) Formulation of General Criterion Distinguishing between Non-Redox and Redox Systems. Electrochimica Acta, 112, 199-211.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.153 [9] Michalowski, T. (1982) Solubility Diagrams and Their Use in Gravimetric Analysis. Chemia Analityczna, 27, 39. [10] Dirkse, T.P., Michalowski, T., Akaiwa, H. and Izumi, F. (1986) Copper, Silver, Gold and Zinc, Cadmium, Mercury Oxides and Hydroxides. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
http://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/ocm12945958 [11] Michalowski, T., Janecki, D., Lechowicz, W. and Meus, M. (1996) pH Intervals for Precipitates in Two-Phase Systems. Chemia Analityczna (Warsaw), 41, 687-695. [12] Crannell, B.S., Eighmy, T.T., Krzanowski, J.E., Eusden Jr., J.D. Shaw, E.L. and Francis, C.A. (2000) Heavy Metal Stabilization in Municipal Solid Waste Combustion Bottom Ash Using Soluble Phosphate. Waste Management, 20, 135-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(99)00312-8 [13] Viellard, P. and Tardy, Y. (1984) Thermochemical Properties of Phosphates. In: Nriagu, J.O. and Moore P.B., Eds., Phosphate Minerals, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 171-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61736-2_4 [14] Inczédy, J. (1976) Analytical Applications of Complex Equilibia. Horwood, Chichester. [15] Saisa-ard, O. and Haller, K.J. (2012) Crystallization of Lead Phosphate in Gel Systems. Engineering Journal, 16, 161-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2012.16.3.161