Antibiotic Resistance in Blood Culture Samples from Patients Referred to Razi Laboratory of Rasht, 2006-2011

Fatemeh  Saeidynia; Faeze  Keihanian; Amin  Saeidynia

doi:10.4236/aid.2014.43023

Fatemeh Saeidynia, Faeze Keihanian^*, Amin Saeidynia

Abstract: Introduction: Irregular wide antibiotic administration by physicians and over the counter use of them had led to inappropriate or non-essential choice of antibiotic. If blood related diseases like sepsis and bacteremia, have not been diagnosed and treated as soon as possible, they can make high complications and mortalities. This study was conducted to survey of epidemiological changes about frequency of micro-organisms in blood cultures in Razi laboratory of Rasht during 2006 to 2011. Material & Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study performed by information database of Razi laboratory. For all of positive samples addressed for blood culture, anti-biograms had been done by method of Kirby & Bauer and agar diffusion. Last, formation or deformation of growth zone was evaluated and on the basis of standard table, results were classified to three categories of sensitive, intermediate and resistance. All of common standard antibiotic disks had been used in this survey. Results: In all cases which addressed for culture (466 cases) 43 subjects (9.22%) were positive and one of them was contaminated. The most frequent bacteria separated from the blood cultures were respectively: coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella and coagulase positive Staphylococcus. Relation between type of bacteria and gender of patients was significant (P = 0.001) in which in female cases it was the most frequent. The most resistance in all of applied antibiotics in coagulase negative Staphylococcus group was 60.2%, in gram negative non non-fermentative bacillus group was 43.16% and in gram negative intestinal bacteria group was 39.25%. Discussion & Conclusion: Although there are similar results in the pattern of resistance in comparison of other studies, pattern of this study is unique and exclussive for Rasht city and it is based on hygienic condition of Guilan province. Because of being respective and variables were not considerd by opinions of researchers of this study, it is necessary to conduct a prospective and continous study in this wide level.

Keywords: Pattern of Resistance, Antibiotic, Rasht, North of Iran

Cite this paper: Saeidynia, F. , Keihanian, F. and Saeidynia, A. (2014) Antibiotic Resistance in Blood Culture Samples from Patients Referred to Razi Laboratory of Rasht, 2006-2011. Advances in Infectious Diseases, 4, 165-172. doi: 10.4236/aid.2014.43023.

References

[1] Mahon, C.R., Manuselis, G. and Lehman, D.C. (2007) Text Book of Diagnostic Microbiology. 3th Edition, Saunders, USA, 321, 373, 383, 527.

[2] Michael, B. and Richard, P. (2010) Organization for Infection Control. In: Mandell, G.L., Bennett, J.E. and Dolin, R., Eds., Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 7th Edition, Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, 3669-3676.

[3] Naderi, H.R., Bakhshaei, M., Ghazvini, K., Zamaniyan, A. and Haghighi, J. (2006) The Prevalence of Nasopharyngeal Carriers Moraksella Kataralys in Healthy Children under 6 Years in Kindergartens of Mashhad City and Determination Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Isolated in Moraksellla Kataralys. Journal of the Ear, Throat, Nose and Throat Iran, 18, 169-173.

[4] Masomi, J., Yadegari, D. and Mozoni, Sh. (2005) More Appropriate Antimicrobial Agents for Antibiogram. Iranian Journal of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, 10, 53-58.

[5] Longo, D.L, Kasper, D.L, Jameson, J.L, Fauci, A.S, Hauser, S.L. and Loscalzo, J. (2011) Harrison, Sepsis and Septic Shock: Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th Edition, McGraw-Hill co., Boston.

[6] Karimishahidi, M., Dabbagh Mohammadi, G.H., Mohajer Irvani, B. and Meigooie, A. (2002) Evaluation of Inpatient Patients’ Blood Cultures of Common Microorganisms. Changes in the Epidemiology and Antibiogram Amir Alam Hospital, 79-1377. Journal of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 60, 31-37.

[7] Pirzade, T. and Nahaei, M.R. (2002) Bacteria Isolated from Blood Cultures at the Educational and Therapeutic Center Imam Khomeini, Iran. Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 56, 40-45.

[8] Spencer, R.C. (1991) Anaerobic Bacteremia. In: Duerden Brian, I. and Drasar, B.S., Eds., Anaerobic in Human Disease, Edward Arnold, England, 324-342.

[9] Forbes, B.A., Sahm, D.F. and Weissfeld, A. (2007) Bloodstream Infections. In: Baily & Scotts Diagnostic Microbiology, 20th Edition, Mosby Company, USA, 778.

[10] Ghafoori, A., Eslami, Z. and Saffari, F. (2009) The Prevalence of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteremia in Patients with Cancer and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases Specialist Association, 14, 19-26.

[11] Sedighian, F., Saneii, A., Allaodolehi, H., Arashi, M. and Rekabpoor, Kh. (2008) Resistance to isolated microorganisms in Yahyanejad hospital, Babol. Medical Laboratory Journal, 2, 29-35.

[12] Saderi, H., Karimi, A. and Looni, M. (2009) The Frequency of Bacteria Isolated from Blood Cultures and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns in a University Hospital in Tehran. Iranian South Medical Journal, 12, 142-148. (in Persian)

[13] Mamishi, S., Pourakbari, B., Ashtiani, M.H., et al. (2005) Frequency of Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Blood Stream Infections at Children’s Medical Center, Tehran, Iran, 1996-2000. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 26, 373-379.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.08.004

[14] Yosefi, M.R. (1999) Bacteriology of Neonatal Septicemia and Determination of Their Antibiotic Resistance in Hamadan in 1998 to 1999 (Persian). Iranian South Medical of Journal, 2, 136-143.

[15] Huang, S.S., Labus, B.J., Samuel, M.C., et al. (2002) Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Blood in San Francisco County, California, 1996-1999. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8, 195-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0802.010102

[16] Mehta, M., Dutta, P. and Gupta, V. (2005) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Blood Isolates from a Teaching Hospital in North India. Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 58, 174-176.

[17] Yinnon, A.M., Schlesinger, Y., Gabbay, D. and Rudensky, B. (1997) Analysis of 5 Years of Bacteraemias: Importance of Stratification of Microbial Susceptibilities by Source of Patients. Journal of Infection, 35, 17-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0163-4453(97)90857-4

[18] Shehabi, A.A. and Baadran, I. (1996) Microbial Infection and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns among Jordanian Intensive Care Patients. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 3, 515-520.

[19] Habibian, R., Imani, R. and Khoshdel, A. (2012) Changes of Trend of Antibiotic Susceptibility in Isolated Bacteria from Culture of ICU Patients of Shahrekord Ayatollah Kashanani Hospital, I.R. Iran. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 14, 77-83.

[20] Aminzadeh, Z., Vahdani, P. and Khosravi, Z. (2005) Sensitivity and Resistance of Microorganisms in Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, 1381. Iranian Journal of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, 10, 47-52.

[21] Sader, H.S., Jones, R.N., Dowzicky, M.J. and Fritsche, T.R. (2005) Antimicrobial Activity of Tetracycline Tested against Nosocomial Bacterial Pathogens from Patients Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 52, 203-208.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.05.002

[22] Tavakoli, A., Yazdani, R. and Bokaeian, M. (2001) Relative Frequency Study of Coagulase Positive Staphylococci Resistance to Beta Lactam Antibiotics Using Iodometric and Acidometric Assays. Tabib-E-Shargh, 1, 1-7.

[23] Huang, S.S., Labus, J.B., Samuel, M.C., Wan, D.T. and Reingold, A.L. (2002) Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Blood in San Francisco County, California, 1996-1999. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8, 195-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0802.010102

[24] Mohamad, A.A., Yadegari, D., Hoseinimoghadam, M.M., Shadnoosh, M., Farahanchi, N., Rafiazade, R. and Daneshvar, S. (2007) Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of in Gram-Negative Microorganisms Nosocomial during the Years 2000-2004 in Anbiya Hospital Tehran. Researcher (Research Journal Martyr Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), 11, 123-127.