Presence of Mycoplasma Spp. in Patients with Asthma or Allergic Rhinitis
Author(s)
Muñoz-Zurita Guillermo*,
Paz Martínez David,
Yáñez Santos Jorge Antonio,
Gil Juárez Constantino,
Cedillo Ramírez María Lilia
Affiliation(s)
Alumno de Doctorado del Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. Hospital Universitario de Puebla, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. Centro de Detección Biomolecular, VIEP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
Alumno de Doctorado del Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. Hospital Universitario de Puebla, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. Centro de Detección Biomolecular, VIEP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the presence of Mycoplasma spp. in pharyngeal swabs of patients with asthma, allergic rhinitis and controls, also to compare the reactivity to allergens in the three groups. Material and Methods: Throat swabs of 120 patients with asthma, 211 allergic rhinitis patients and 171 healthy persons were cultured in E media. Positive cultures were identified by PCR. Susceptibility of patients positive for isolation of Mycoplasma spp. to indoor, forest and undergrowth allergens were determined. Results: Mycoplasma spp. was isolated in 26.6% of samples from asthmatic patients, 36% in patients with allergic rhinitis and 2.9% in the group of healthy persons. Positive patients for Mycoplasma with asthma and allergic rhinitis showed susceptibility tomite, grass and thunder mainly. Conclusion: There is a higher incidence of Mycoplasma spp. in asthmatic and allergic rhinitis patients than healthy persons. Only patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis showed reactivity to environmental allergens.
Objective: To compare the presence of Mycoplasma spp. in pharyngeal swabs of patients with asthma, allergic rhinitis and controls, also to compare the reactivity to allergens in the three groups. Material and Methods: Throat swabs of 120 patients with asthma, 211 allergic rhinitis patients and 171 healthy persons were cultured in E media. Positive cultures were identified by PCR. Susceptibility of patients positive for isolation of Mycoplasma spp. to indoor, forest and undergrowth allergens were determined. Results: Mycoplasma spp. was isolated in 26.6% of samples from asthmatic patients, 36% in patients with allergic rhinitis and 2.9% in the group of healthy persons. Positive patients for Mycoplasma with asthma and allergic rhinitis showed susceptibility tomite, grass and thunder mainly. Conclusion: There is a higher incidence of Mycoplasma spp. in asthmatic and allergic rhinitis patients than healthy persons. Only patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis showed reactivity to environmental allergens.
Cite this paper
Guillermo, M. , David, P. , Antonio, Y. , Constantino, G. and Lilia, C. (2014) Presence of Mycoplasma Spp. in Patients with Asthma or Allergic Rhinitis. Advances in Microbiology, 4, 720-725. doi: 10.4236/aim.2014.411078.
Guillermo, M. , David, P. , Antonio, Y. , Constantino, G. and Lilia, C. (2014) Presence of Mycoplasma Spp. in Patients with Asthma or Allergic Rhinitis. Advances in Microbiology, 4, 720-725. doi: 10.4236/aim.2014.411078.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07524.x [8] Newcomb, D.C. and Stokes, P. (2009) Bugs and Asthma. A Different Disease? Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 6, 266-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/pats.200806-056RM [9] Lieberman, D., Lieberman D., Printz, S., Yaakov, B., Lazrovich, Z., Ohana, B., Friedman, M.G., Dvoskin, B., Leinonen, M. and Boldur, I. (2002) Atypical Pathogen Infection in Adults with Acute Exacerbation of Bronchial Asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 167, 407-410. [10] Razin, S. and Hayflick, L. (2010) Highligths of Mycoplasma Research—An Historical Perspective. Biologicals, 38, 183-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.11.008 [11] Rottem, S. (2003) Interaction of Mycoplasmas with Host Cells. Physiological Reviews, 83, 417-432. [12] Gil, J.C., Cedillo, R.L., Mayagoitia, B.G. and Paz, M.D. (1993) Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from Asthmatic Patients. Annals of Allergy, 70, 23-25. [13] Kraft, M., Cassell, G., Henson, J.A., Watson, H., Williamson, J., Marmion, B., Gaydos, C. and Martin, R. (1998) Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the Airways of Adults with Chronic Asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 158, 998-1001.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.158.3.9711092 [14] Martin, R.J., Chu, H.W., Honour, J.M. and Harbeck, R.J. (2001) Airway Inflammation and Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness after Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in a Murine Model. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 24, 577-582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1165/ajrcmb.24.5.4315 [15] Medina, J.L., Coalson, J., Brooks, E., Winter, V., Chaparro, A., Principe, M., Kannan, T., Baseman, J. and Dube, P. (2012) Mycoplasma pneumoniae CARDS Toxin Induces Pulmonary Eosinophilic and Lymphocytic Inflammation. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 46, 815-822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2011-0135OC [16] Sutherland, E. and Martin, R. (2007) Asthma and Atypical Bacterial Infection. Chest, 132, 1962-1966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.06-2415 [17] Small, P. and Kim, H. (2011) Allergic Rhinitis. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 7, S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1710-1492-7-S1-S3 [18] Hendrick, D., Davies, R., D’Souza, M. and Pepys, J. (1975) An Analysis of Skin Prick Test Reactions in 656 Asthmatic Patients. Thorax, 30, 2-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.30.1.2 [19] D’Amato, G., Chatzigeorgiou, G., Corsico, R., et al. (1997) Evaluation of the Prevalence of Skin Prick Test Positivity to Alternaria and Cladosporium in Patients with Suspected Respiratory Allergy. Allergy, 52, 711-716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb01227.x
[1] Kim, H. and Mazza, J. (2011) Asthma. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 7, S2. [2] Fox, S.I. (2011) In Fisiología Humana. 12th Edition, Mc Graw Hill, México, 537-538. [3] Zozarri, M.E. and Buss, W.W. (1990) The Role of Respiratory Infections in Airway Responsiveness and the Pathogenesis of Asthma. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, 10, 449-461. [4] Huang, Y.J. and Boushey, H.A. (2014) The Microbioma and Asthma. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 11, S48-S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201306-187MG [5] Nisar, N., Guleria, R., Kumar, S., Chawla, T.C. and Biswas, N.R. (2007) Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Its Role in Asthma. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 83, 100-104.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2006.049023 [6] Gil, J.C., Maldonado, M.G., Zenteno, E., Yánez, S.J.A., Paz, D. and Cedillo, L. (1999) Detección de micoplasmas en pacientes con asma. Revista Instituto Nacional Enfermedades Respiratorias, 12, 113-119. [7] Sidhu, M.K., Rashidbaigi, A., Testa, D. and Lia, M.J. (1995) Competitor Internal Standards for Quantitative Detection of Mycoplasma DNA. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 128, 207-211.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07524.x [8] Newcomb, D.C. and Stokes, P. (2009) Bugs and Asthma. A Different Disease? Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 6, 266-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/pats.200806-056RM [9] Lieberman, D., Lieberman D., Printz, S., Yaakov, B., Lazrovich, Z., Ohana, B., Friedman, M.G., Dvoskin, B., Leinonen, M. and Boldur, I. (2002) Atypical Pathogen Infection in Adults with Acute Exacerbation of Bronchial Asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 167, 407-410. [10] Razin, S. and Hayflick, L. (2010) Highligths of Mycoplasma Research—An Historical Perspective. Biologicals, 38, 183-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.11.008 [11] Rottem, S. (2003) Interaction of Mycoplasmas with Host Cells. Physiological Reviews, 83, 417-432. [12] Gil, J.C., Cedillo, R.L., Mayagoitia, B.G. and Paz, M.D. (1993) Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from Asthmatic Patients. Annals of Allergy, 70, 23-25. [13] Kraft, M., Cassell, G., Henson, J.A., Watson, H., Williamson, J., Marmion, B., Gaydos, C. and Martin, R. (1998) Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the Airways of Adults with Chronic Asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 158, 998-1001.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.158.3.9711092 [14] Martin, R.J., Chu, H.W., Honour, J.M. and Harbeck, R.J. (2001) Airway Inflammation and Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness after Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in a Murine Model. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 24, 577-582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1165/ajrcmb.24.5.4315 [15] Medina, J.L., Coalson, J., Brooks, E., Winter, V., Chaparro, A., Principe, M., Kannan, T., Baseman, J. and Dube, P. (2012) Mycoplasma pneumoniae CARDS Toxin Induces Pulmonary Eosinophilic and Lymphocytic Inflammation. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 46, 815-822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2011-0135OC [16] Sutherland, E. and Martin, R. (2007) Asthma and Atypical Bacterial Infection. Chest, 132, 1962-1966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.06-2415 [17] Small, P. and Kim, H. (2011) Allergic Rhinitis. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 7, S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1710-1492-7-S1-S3 [18] Hendrick, D., Davies, R., D’Souza, M. and Pepys, J. (1975) An Analysis of Skin Prick Test Reactions in 656 Asthmatic Patients. Thorax, 30, 2-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.30.1.2 [19] D’Amato, G., Chatzigeorgiou, G., Corsico, R., et al. (1997) Evaluation of the Prevalence of Skin Prick Test Positivity to Alternaria and Cladosporium in Patients with Suspected Respiratory Allergy. Allergy, 52, 711-716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb01227.x