High Performance Recycling of Polymers by Means of Their Fluorescence Lifetimes*
ABSTRACT
Technical polymers could be identified by means of their remarkably
strong auto fluorescence. The time constants of this fluorescence proved to be
characteristic for the individual polymers and can be economically determined
by integrating procedures. The thus obtained unequivocal identification is
presented for their sorting for recycling. Furthermore, polymeric materials
were doped with fluorescent dyes allowing a fine-classification of special
batches.
Cite this paper
Langhals, H. , Zgela, D. and Schlücker, T. (2014) High Performance Recycling of Polymers by Means of Their Fluorescence Lifetimes*. Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 4, 144-150. doi: 10.4236/gsc.2014.43019.
Langhals, H. , Zgela, D. and Schlücker, T. (2014) High Performance Recycling of Polymers by Means of Their Fluorescence Lifetimes*. Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 4, 144-150. doi: 10.4236/gsc.2014.43019.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00176a007 [13] Woods, R.J., Scypinski, S., Cline Love, L.J. and Ashworth, H.A. (1984) Transient Digitizer for the Determination of Microsecond Luminescence Lifetimes. Analytical Chemistry, 56, 1395-1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00272a043 [14] Meier, R.J., Fischer, L.H., Wolfbeis, O.S. and Schaferling, M. (2013) Referenced Luminescent Sensing and Imaging with Digital Color Cameras: A Comparative Study. Sensors and Actuators B, 177, 500-506.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.11.041 [15] Alibert-Fouet, S., Seguy, I., Bobo, J.-F., Destruel, P. and Bock, H. (2007) Liquid-Crystalline and Electron-Deficient Coronene Oligocarboxylic Esters and Imides by Twofold Benzogenic Diels-Alder Reactions on Perylenes. European Journal of Chemistry, 13, 1746-1753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200601416 [16] Demmig, S. and Langhals, H. (1988) Readily Soluble Lightfast Perylene Dyes. Chemische Berichte, 121, 225-230.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19881210205 [17] Langhals, H. and Poxleitner, S. (2008) Core-Extended Terrylene Bisimides—Novel, Strongly Red Fluorescent Broadband Absorbers. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2008, 797-800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200701058 [18] Langhals, H., Walter, A., Rosenbaum, E. and Johansson, L.B.-A. (2011) A Versatile Standard for Bathochromic Fluorescence Based on Intramolecular FRET. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 13, 11055-11059.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1cp20467j
[1] Nemeth, E., Schubert, G., Albrecht, V. and Simon, F. (2005) Procedure for Sorted, Electrostatic Separation of Mixed Plastics Wastes. Aufbereitungs-Technik, 46, 35-46. [2] Nemeth, E., Simon, F., Albrecht, V. and Schubert, G. (2004) Procedure for Sorted, Electrostatic Separation of Mixed Plastics Wastes. Ger. Patent No. 102004024754 B3; Chemical Abstracts, 144, 392348. [3] Gohs, U., Albrecht, V., Husemann, K., Reinsch, E., Schuenemann, R. and Simon, F. (2009) Procedure for the Electrostatic Separation of Mixed Plastics Waste. Ger. Offen. No. DE 102007055765 A1; Chemical Abstracts, 151, 57663. [4] Corbet, E.C. Frey, J.G., Groce, R.I. and Hendra, P.J. (1994) An Investigation into the Applicability of Luminescent Tagging to Polymer Recovery. Plastics, Rubber and Composite Processing and Application, 21, 5-11. [5] Rafi Ahmad, S. (2000) Marking of Products with Fluorescence Tracers in Binary Combinations for Automatic Identification and Sorting. Assembly Automatation, 20, 58-65.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01445150010311617 [6] Alam, M.K., Stanton, S.L. and Hebner, G.A. (1994) Near Infrard Spectroscopy and Neural Network for Resin Identification. Spectroscopy, 9, 31-39. [7] Scott, D.M. (1995) A Two-Colour near Infra-Red Sensor for Sorting Recycled Plastic Waste. Measurement Science and Technology, 6, 156-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/6/2/004 [8] General Electric Company; Hubbard, S., Potyrailo, R., Schottland, P. and Thomas, V. (2006) Tagging Materials for Polymers, Methods, and Articles Made Thereby. US Patent No. 2005/0095715 (Oct. 31, 2003); Chem. Abstr. 2005, 142, 412287. [9] General Electric (inv. Hubbard, S.F., Potyrailo, R.A., Schottland, P. and Thomas, V.) (2003) Tagging Materials for Polymers, Methods, and Articles Made Thereby. PCT Int. Appl. (2003), WO 2003006965 A1 20030123; Chemical Abstracts, 138, 107667. [10] Langhals, H., Schmid, T., Herman, M., Zwiener, M. and Hofer, A. (2013) Binary Fluorescence Labeling for the Recovery of Polymeric Materials for Recycling. International Journal of Environmental Engineering, 7, 124-132. [11] Langhals, H., Schmid, T., Herman, M., Zwiener, M. and Hofer, A. (2012) Marking of Polymer Materials with Fluorescence Dyes for Their Clear Automatic Sorting. Ger. Offen. No. DE 102012012772.3; Chemical Abstracts, 160, 63983. [12] Ballew, R.M. and Demas, J.N. (1989) An Error Analysis of the Rapid Lifetime Determination Method for the Evaluation of Single Exponential Decays. Analytical Chemistry, 61, 30-33.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00176a007 [13] Woods, R.J., Scypinski, S., Cline Love, L.J. and Ashworth, H.A. (1984) Transient Digitizer for the Determination of Microsecond Luminescence Lifetimes. Analytical Chemistry, 56, 1395-1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00272a043 [14] Meier, R.J., Fischer, L.H., Wolfbeis, O.S. and Schaferling, M. (2013) Referenced Luminescent Sensing and Imaging with Digital Color Cameras: A Comparative Study. Sensors and Actuators B, 177, 500-506.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.11.041 [15] Alibert-Fouet, S., Seguy, I., Bobo, J.-F., Destruel, P. and Bock, H. (2007) Liquid-Crystalline and Electron-Deficient Coronene Oligocarboxylic Esters and Imides by Twofold Benzogenic Diels-Alder Reactions on Perylenes. European Journal of Chemistry, 13, 1746-1753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200601416 [16] Demmig, S. and Langhals, H. (1988) Readily Soluble Lightfast Perylene Dyes. Chemische Berichte, 121, 225-230.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19881210205 [17] Langhals, H. and Poxleitner, S. (2008) Core-Extended Terrylene Bisimides—Novel, Strongly Red Fluorescent Broadband Absorbers. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2008, 797-800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200701058 [18] Langhals, H., Walter, A., Rosenbaum, E. and Johansson, L.B.-A. (2011) A Versatile Standard for Bathochromic Fluorescence Based on Intramolecular FRET. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 13, 11055-11059.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1cp20467j