Hope, Ethnic Pride, and Academic Achievement: Positive Psychology and Latino Youth
ABSTRACT
Previous studies have found that hope has beneficial effects in athletics, academics, physical health, and mental well being in majority populations. Given the challenges Latino youth face in the United States, ethnic identity and hope may be a powerful buffer from these negative stressors. The current study aimed to identify whether chronic levels of hope related to academic performance, whether an ethnic pride manipulation altered state hope levels, and whether there was a link between ethnic identity and chronic hope among a sample of Latino youth. Results indicated that GPA and chronic hope levels were not related, a manipulation to boost ethic pride increased state hope, and that ethnic identity was related to chronic levels of hope. The findings suggest that ethnic identity is an important contributor to hope levels.
Cite this paper
Yager-Elorriaga, D. , Berenson, K. & McWhirter, P. (2014). Hope, Ethnic Pride, and Academic Achievement: Positive Psychology and Latino Youth. Psychology, 5, 1206-1214. doi: 10.4236/psych.2014.510133.
Yager-Elorriaga, D. , Berenson, K. & McWhirter, P. (2014). Hope, Ethnic Pride, and Academic Achievement: Positive Psychology and Latino Youth. Psychology, 5, 1206-1214. doi: 10.4236/psych.2014.510133.
References
[1] Altschul, I., Oyserman, D., & Bybee, D. (2006). Racial-Ethnic Identity in Mid-Adolescence: Content and Change as Predictors of Academic Achievement. Child Development, 77, 1155-1169.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00926.x [2] Barnum, D. D., Snyder, C. R., Rapoff, M. A., Mani, M. M., & Thompson, R. (1998). Hope and Social Support in the Psychological Adjustment of Children Who Have Survived Burn Injuries and Their Matched Controls. Children’s Health Care, 27, 15-30.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326888chc2701_2 [3] Berg, C. J., Rapoff, M. A., Snyder, C. R., & Belmont, J. M. (2007). The Relationship of Children’s Hope to Pediatric Asthma Treatment Adherence. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 176-184.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760701409629 [4] Chang, E. C., & DeSimone, S. L. (2001). The Influence of Hope on Appraisals, Coping, and Dysphoria: A Test of Hope Theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 20, 117-129.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.20.2.117.22262 [5] Curry, L. A., Snyder, C. R., Cook, D. L., Ruby, B. C., & Rehm, M. (1997). Role of Hope in Academic and Sport Achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1257-1267.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1257 [6] Edwards, L. M., Ong, A. D., & Lopez, S. J. (2007). Hope Measurement in Mexican American Youth. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 29, 225-241.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986307299692 [7] Fry, R. (2010). Hispanics, High School Dropouts and the GED. Washington, DC: Pew Hispanic Center. [8] Lopez, M. H., Morin, R., & Taylor, P. (2009). Illegal Immigration Backlash Worries, Divides Latinos. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. [9] McClure, E. B., & Pine, D. S. (2006). Social Anxiety and Emotion Regulation: A Model for Developmental Psychopathology Perspectives on Anxiety Disorders. In D. Cicchetti, D. J. Cohen, D. Cicchetti, & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental Psychopathology, Vol 3: Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation (2nd ed., pp. 470-502), Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc. [10] Pahl, K., & Way, N. (2006). Longitudinal Trajectories of Ethnic Identity among Urban Black and Latino Adolescents. Child Development, 77, 1403-1415.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00943.x [11] Romero, A. J., & Roberts, R. E. (2003). Stress within a Bicultural Context for Adolescents of Mexican Descent. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9, 171-184.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.9.2.171 [12] Snyder, C. R. (1994). The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get There from Here. New York, NY: Free Press. [13] Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 249-275.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01 [14] Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., & Harney, P. (1991). The Will and the Ways: Development and Validation of an Individual-Differences Measure of Hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 570-585.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.570 [15] Snyder, C. R., Shorey, H. S., Cheavens, J., Pulvers, K., Adams, V., & Wiklund, C. (2002). Hope and Academic Success in College. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 820-826.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.94.4.820 [16] Stoddard, S. A., & Garcia, C. M. (2011). Hopefulness among Non-US-Born Latino Youth and Young Adults. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 24, 216-222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.2011.00307.x [17] Torres, L., Yznaga, S. D., & Moore, K. M. (2011). Discrimination and Latino Psychological Distress: The Moderating Role of Ethnic Identity Exploration and Commitment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81, 526-534.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01117.x [18] Umana-Taylor, A. J., Gonzales-Backen, M. A., & Guimond, A. B. (2009). Latino Adolescents’ Ethnic Identity: Is There a Developmental Progression and Does Growth in Ethnic Identity Predict Growth in Self-Esteem? Child Development, 80, 391-405.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01267.x [19] Umana-Taylor, A. J., Yazedjian, A., & Bamaca-Gomez, M. (2004). Developing the Ethnic Identity Scale Using Eriksonian and Social Identity Perspectives. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 4, 9-38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S1532706XID0401_2
[1] Altschul, I., Oyserman, D., & Bybee, D. (2006). Racial-Ethnic Identity in Mid-Adolescence: Content and Change as Predictors of Academic Achievement. Child Development, 77, 1155-1169.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00926.x [2] Barnum, D. D., Snyder, C. R., Rapoff, M. A., Mani, M. M., & Thompson, R. (1998). Hope and Social Support in the Psychological Adjustment of Children Who Have Survived Burn Injuries and Their Matched Controls. Children’s Health Care, 27, 15-30.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326888chc2701_2 [3] Berg, C. J., Rapoff, M. A., Snyder, C. R., & Belmont, J. M. (2007). The Relationship of Children’s Hope to Pediatric Asthma Treatment Adherence. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 176-184.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760701409629 [4] Chang, E. C., & DeSimone, S. L. (2001). The Influence of Hope on Appraisals, Coping, and Dysphoria: A Test of Hope Theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 20, 117-129.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.20.2.117.22262 [5] Curry, L. A., Snyder, C. R., Cook, D. L., Ruby, B. C., & Rehm, M. (1997). Role of Hope in Academic and Sport Achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1257-1267.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1257 [6] Edwards, L. M., Ong, A. D., & Lopez, S. J. (2007). Hope Measurement in Mexican American Youth. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 29, 225-241.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986307299692 [7] Fry, R. (2010). Hispanics, High School Dropouts and the GED. Washington, DC: Pew Hispanic Center. [8] Lopez, M. H., Morin, R., & Taylor, P. (2009). Illegal Immigration Backlash Worries, Divides Latinos. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. [9] McClure, E. B., & Pine, D. S. (2006). Social Anxiety and Emotion Regulation: A Model for Developmental Psychopathology Perspectives on Anxiety Disorders. In D. Cicchetti, D. J. Cohen, D. Cicchetti, & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental Psychopathology, Vol 3: Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation (2nd ed., pp. 470-502), Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc. [10] Pahl, K., & Way, N. (2006). Longitudinal Trajectories of Ethnic Identity among Urban Black and Latino Adolescents. Child Development, 77, 1403-1415.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00943.x [11] Romero, A. J., & Roberts, R. E. (2003). Stress within a Bicultural Context for Adolescents of Mexican Descent. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9, 171-184.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.9.2.171 [12] Snyder, C. R. (1994). The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get There from Here. New York, NY: Free Press. [13] Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 249-275.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01 [14] Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., & Harney, P. (1991). The Will and the Ways: Development and Validation of an Individual-Differences Measure of Hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 570-585.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.570 [15] Snyder, C. R., Shorey, H. S., Cheavens, J., Pulvers, K., Adams, V., & Wiklund, C. (2002). Hope and Academic Success in College. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 820-826.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.94.4.820 [16] Stoddard, S. A., & Garcia, C. M. (2011). Hopefulness among Non-US-Born Latino Youth and Young Adults. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 24, 216-222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.2011.00307.x [17] Torres, L., Yznaga, S. D., & Moore, K. M. (2011). Discrimination and Latino Psychological Distress: The Moderating Role of Ethnic Identity Exploration and Commitment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81, 526-534.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01117.x [18] Umana-Taylor, A. J., Gonzales-Backen, M. A., & Guimond, A. B. (2009). Latino Adolescents’ Ethnic Identity: Is There a Developmental Progression and Does Growth in Ethnic Identity Predict Growth in Self-Esteem? Child Development, 80, 391-405.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01267.x [19] Umana-Taylor, A. J., Yazedjian, A., & Bamaca-Gomez, M. (2004). Developing the Ethnic Identity Scale Using Eriksonian and Social Identity Perspectives. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 4, 9-38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S1532706XID0401_2