In-Situ Impregnation of Copper Nanoparticles on Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Powder
Author(s)
Ridzuan Ramli*,
Md. Maksudur Rahman Khan,
Rosli Mohd Yunus,
Huei Ruey Ong,
Rohaya Mohamed Halim,
Astimar Abdul Aziz,
Zawawi Ibrahim,
Nahrul Hayawin Zainal
Affiliation(s)
Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Kajang, Malaysia. Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Malaysia. Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Kajang, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Malaysia.
Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Kajang, Malaysia. Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Malaysia. Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Kajang, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Malaysia.
ABSTRACT
Copper nanoparticles were impregnated onto oil palm empty fruit bunch
(EFB) powders via in-situ sol-gel
method. The impregnation and interfacial interaction of copper nanoparticles
with EFB were analysed by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),
X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM),
energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The
interaction of copper nanoparticles with the surface functional groups of EFB
powders was identified by FTIR analysis. The peak shift of O-H and C-O
functional groups indicated the interaction between EFB and copper
nanoparticles. Besides that, XRD and EDX analysis confirmed the formation of copper
nanoparticles on EFB powder. Due to the copper impregnation, the crystallinity
of the EFB was increased as shown by XRD. The particles size of nanoparticles
was analysed via TEM and AFM where the sizes were in the range of 60 - 100 nm.
These findings strongly suggest that, copper nanoparticles impregnated EFB
powders can be synthesized via in- situ sol gel method.
Cite this paper
Ramli, R. , Khan, M. , Yunus, R. , Ong, H. , Halim, R. , Aziz, A. , Ibrahim, Z. and Zainal, N. (2014) In-Situ Impregnation of Copper Nanoparticles on Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Powder. Advances in Nanoparticles, 3, 65-71. doi: 10.4236/anp.2014.33009.
Ramli, R. , Khan, M. , Yunus, R. , Ong, H. , Halim, R. , Aziz, A. , Ibrahim, Z. and Zainal, N. (2014) In-Situ Impregnation of Copper Nanoparticles on Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Powder. Advances in Nanoparticles, 3, 65-71. doi: 10.4236/anp.2014.33009.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.12.015 [12] Ong, H.R., Khan, M.R., Ramli, R. and Yunus, R.M. (2014) Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles at Room Temperature Using Hydrazine in Glycerol. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 481, 21-26.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4652-8 [19] Yu, W., Xie, H., Chen, L., Li, Y. and Zhang, C. (2009) Synthesis and Characterization of Monodispersed Copper Colloids in Polar Solvents. Nanoscale Research Letters, 4, 465-470.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9264-3 [20] Ramyadevi, J., Jeyasubramanian, K., Marikani, A., Rajakumar, G. and Rahuman, A.A. (2012) Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Copper Nanoparticles. Materials Letters, 71, 114-116.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9264-3
[1] Ahmad, E.E.M., Luyt, A.S. and Djokovic, V. (2013) Thermal and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Bio-Based Poly(furfuryl alcohol)/Sisal Whiskers Nanocomposites. Polymer Bulletin, 70, 1265-1276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-012-0847-2 [2] Tsioptsias, C. and Panayiotou, C. (2008) Preparation of Cellulose-Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds from Ionic Liquid Solutions. Carbohydrate Polymers, 74, 99-105.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.01.022 [3] Chowdhury, M.N.K., Beg, M.D.H., Khan, M.R. and Mina, M.F. (2013) Modification of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers by Nanoparticle Impregnation and Alkali Treatment. Cellulose, 20, 1477-1490.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-013-9921-7 [4] Tomsic, B., Simoncic, B., Orel, B., Zerjav, M., Schroers, H., Simoncic, A. and Samardzija, Z. (2009) Antimicrobial Activity of AgCl Embedded in a Silica Matrix on Cotton Fabric. Carbohydrate Polymers, 75, 618-626.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.09.013 [5] Lee, H.J., Yeo, S.Y. and Jeong, S.H. (2003) Antibacterial Effect of Nanosized Silver Colloidal Solution on Textile Fabrics. Journal of Materials Science, 38, 2199-2204.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023736416361 [6] Chowdhury, M.N.K., Beg, M.D.H., Khan, M.R. and Mina, M.F. (2013) Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Performances in Natural Fibres. Materials Letters, 98, 26-29.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.02.024 [7] Ramli, R., Khan, M.R., Chowdhury, N.K., Beg, M.D.H., Halim, R.M., Aziz, A.A., Ibrahim, Z. and Zainal, N.H. (2013) Development of Cu Nanoparticle Loaded Oil Palm Fibre Reinforced Nanocomposite. Advances in Nanoparticles, 4, 358-365.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/anp.2013.24049 [8] El-Nahhal, I.M., Zourab, S.M., Kodeh, F.S., Selmane, M., Genois, I. and Babonneau, F. (2012) Nanostructured Copper Oxide-Cotton Fibers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. International Nano Letters, 2, 1-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2228-5326-2-14 [9] Jeong, S.H., Hwang, Y.H. and Yi, S.C. (2005) Antibacterial Properties of Padded PP/PE Nonwovens Incorporating Nano-Sized Silver Colloids. Journal of Materials Science, 40, 5413-5418.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-4340-2 [10] Lee, H.Y., Park, H.K., Lee, Y.M. and Park, S.B. (2007) A Practical Procedure for Producing Silver Nanocoated Fabric and Its Antibacterial Evaluation for Biomedical Applications. Chemical Communications, 28, 2959-2961.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B703034G [11] Ong, H.R., Khan, M.R., Chowdhury, M.N.K., Yousuf, A. and Cheng, C.K. (2014) Synthesis and Characterization of CuO/C Catalyst for the Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Rubber Seed Oil. Fuel, 120, 195-201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.12.015 [12] Ong, H.R., Khan, M.R., Ramli, R. and Yunus, R.M. (2014) Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles at Room Temperature Using Hydrazine in Glycerol. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 481, 21-26.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.481.21 [13] Inagaki, T., Siesler, H.W., Mitsui, K. and Tsuchikawa, S. (2010) Difference of the Crystal Structure of Cellulose in Wood after Hydrothermal and Aging Degradation: A NIR Spectroscopy and XRD Study. Biomacromolecules, 11, 2300-2305.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm100403y [14] Ong, H.R., Prasad, R., Khan, M.M.R. and Chowdhury, M.N.K. (2012) Effect of Palm Kernel Meal as Melamine Urea Formaldehyde Adhesive Extender for Plywood Application: Using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Study. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 121-126, 493-498.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.121-126.493 [15] Tamez Uddin, M., Rukanuzzaman, M., Maksudur Rahman Khan, M. and Akhtarul Islam, M. (2009) Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Jackfruit (Artocarpus heteropyllus) Leaf Powder: A Fixed-Bed Column Study. Journal of Environmental Management, 90, 3443-3450.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.05.030 [16] Bhat, I.-U.-H., Abdul Khalil, H.P.S., Ismail, H. and Alshammari, T. (2011) Morphological, Spectroscopic, and Thermal Properties of Alkali-Treated and Chemically Modified Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers and Oil Palm Frond Fibers: A Comparative Study. BioResources, 6, 4673-4685. [17] Oztürk, I., Irmak, S., Hesenov, A. and Erbatur, O. (2010) Hydrolysis of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Stems by Catalytical Thermal Treatment in Subcritical Water. Biomass and Bioenergy, 34, 1578-1585.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.06.005 [18] Mihai, G.D., Meynen, V., Mertens, M., Bilba, N., Cool, P. and Vansant, E.F. (2010) ZnO Nanoparticles Supported on Mesoporous MCM-41 and SBA-15: A Comparative Physicochemical and Photocatalytic Study. Journal of Materials Science, 45, 5786-5794.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4652-8 [19] Yu, W., Xie, H., Chen, L., Li, Y. and Zhang, C. (2009) Synthesis and Characterization of Monodispersed Copper Colloids in Polar Solvents. Nanoscale Research Letters, 4, 465-470.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9264-3 [20] Ramyadevi, J., Jeyasubramanian, K., Marikani, A., Rajakumar, G. and Rahuman, A.A. (2012) Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Copper Nanoparticles. Materials Letters, 71, 114-116.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9264-3