Department of Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, G?teborg, Sweden .
In this paper, a receiver model for ultrasonic ray tracing simulation is described. This is a complementary part of an existing simulation model and is the next step towards a numerical solution to the inverse problem and thus a NDT methodology for characterization of the dendrite orientation in a weld. The establishment of the receiver model is based on the electromechanical reciprocity principle. A concise retrospect of the weld model and the 2D model is made. The reciprocity principle is applied in an original way to handle the model problem including the back wall. Experimental qualitative validations for both P and SV waves on a specific weld are also made for C-scans included in this paper. Two different cases are studied. The first is a direct incidence of an ultrasonic ray towards the weld, and the second is a reflection from the back surface in the base material followed by an incidence to the weld. Even though mode-converted rays are excluded in the simulations, both the P and SV probe-models show the same behavior as the experimental results. The qualitative validation though reveals that it even if a thorough time-gating of received information would enable exclusion of mode-conversion in the model, inaccuracy of experimental results is affecting the evaluation of the weld model.
Liu, Q. , Persson, G. and Wirdelius, H. (2014) A Receiver Model for Ultrasonic Ray Tracing in an Inhomogeneous Anisotropic Weld. Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 1186-1201. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2014.513120.
[1] Ogilvy, J.A. (1985) British Journal of NDT, 27, 13-21. [2] Fellinger, P., Marklein, R., Langenberg, K.J. and Klaholz, S. (1995) Wave Motion, 21, 47-66.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2125(94)00040-C [3] Schmitz, V., Walte, F. and Chakhlov, S.V. (1999) NDT & E International, 32, 201-213.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2125(94)00040-C [4] Spies, M. (2000) NDT & E International, 33, 155-162.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8695(99)00036-5 [5] Moysan, J., Apfel, A., Corneloup, G. and Chassignole, B. (2003) International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 80, 77-85.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-0161(03)00024-3 [6] Spies, M. (2004) Ultrasonics, 42, 213-219. [7] Jeong, H. (2009) NDT & E International, 42, 210-214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2008.09.010 [8] Kohler, B., Müller, W., Spies, M., Schmitz, V., Zimmer, A., Langenberg, K.-J. and Metzko, U. (2006) AIP Conference Proceedings, 820, 57-64.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2184511 [9] Nakahata, K., Hirose, S., Schubert, F. and Kohler, B. (2009) Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering, 3, 1256-1262.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmmp.3.1256 [10] Baek, E. and Yim, H. (2011) NDT & E International, 44, 571-582.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2011.05.011 [11] Connolly, G.D., Lowe, M.J.S., Rokhlin, S.I. and Temple, J.A.G. (2010) The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 127, 2802-2812.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3372724 [12] Ogilvy, J.A. (1985) NDT International, 18, 67-77.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(85)90100-2 [13] Chassignole, B., El Guerjouma, R., Ploix, M.-A. and Fouquet, T. (2011) NDT & E International, 43, 273-282.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2009.12.005 [14] Gueudre, C., Le Marrec, L., Moysan, J. and Chassignole, B. (2009) NDT & E International, 42, 47-55.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2008.07.003 [15] Kolkoori, S.R., Rahaman, M.-U., Chinta, P.K., Kreutzbruck, M. and Prager, J. (2012) AIP Conference Proceedings, 1430, 1227-1234. [16] Liu, Q. and Wirdelius, H. (2007) NDT & E International, 40, 229-238.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.10.004 [17] Wirdelius, H., Persson, G., Hamberg, K. and Hogberg, K. (2008) ULiAS 4—Experimental Validation of a Software that Models Ultrasonic Wave Propagation through an Anisotropic Weld. SKi Report: 05. [18] Auld, B.A. (1979) Wave Motion, 1, 3-10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2125(79)90020-9 [19] Tan, T.H. (1977) Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 61, 928-931.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.381393 [20] Kino, G.S. (1978) Journal of Applied Physics, 49, 3190-3199.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.325312 [21] Bostrom, A. and Wirdelius, H. (1995) Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97, 2836-2848.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.411850 [22] Eriksson, A.S., Mattsson, J. and Niklasson, A.J. (2000) NDT & E International, 33, 441-451.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8695(00)00016-5 [23] Achenbach, J.D. (1973) Wave Propagation in Elastic Solids. North-Holland, Amsterdam, Ch. 6, 6.5. [24] Krautkramer, J. and Krautkramer, H. (1990) Ultrasonic Testing of Materials. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Ch. 4.4.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10680-8