Studies of Grinding Media Corrosion from Galvanic Interaction on Galena Flotation
Affiliation(s)
Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
ABSTRACT
This study has been done to determine the galvanic interaction between five types of grinding media (mild steel, cast iron, 10% chromium, 20% chromium, and ceramic media) and galena, in situ of the mill. The ceramic media has a significantly not galvanic interaction with galena and high chromium media has a significantly weaker galvanic interaction with galena, and produces a very much lower amount of oxidize iron species in the mill discharge than mild steel medium. The investigation of the various reactions occurring on the galena surface was investigated by ethylene diamine-tetra acetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) extraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The floatability of galena is dependent on the galvanic current between grinding media and galena during grinding because the current is relative to the amount of iron oxidation species and the reduction rate on galena. Iron oxidation species depressed galena flotation. The optimum galena flotation was achieved by selecting grinding conditions that enabled iron oxidation to be controlled.
Cite this paper
Allahkarami, E. , Zarepoor, A. and Rezai, B. (2014) Studies of Grinding Media Corrosion from Galvanic Interaction on Galena Flotation. International Journal of Nonferrous Metallurgy, 3, 29-34. doi: 10.4236/ijnm.2012.33004.
Allahkarami, E. , Zarepoor, A. and Rezai, B. (2014) Studies of Grinding Media Corrosion from Galvanic Interaction on Galena Flotation. International Journal of Nonferrous Metallurgy, 3, 29-34. doi: 10.4236/ijnm.2012.33004.
References
[1] Bruckard, W.J., Sparrow, G.J. and Woodcock, J.T. (2011) A Review of the Effects of the Grinding Environment on the Flotation of Copper Sulphides. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 100, 1-13.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2011.04.001 [2] Peng, Y.J. and Grano, S. (2010) Effect of Iron Contamination from Grinding Media on the Flotation of Sulphide Minerals of Different Particle Size. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 97, 1-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2010.07.003 [3] Eslami Andargoli, M.B., Jannesar Malakooti, S., Doulati Ardejani, F. and Abdollahi, H. (2012) Effect of Galvanic Contact on the Flotability of Galena in the Presence and Absence of a Collector. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 22, 629-632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2012.08.006 [4] Subrahmanyam, T.V. and Forssberg, K.S.E. (1993) Mineral Solution-Interface Chemistry in Minerals Engineering. Minerals Engineering, 6, 439-454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(93)90173-K [5] Cullinan, V.J., Grano, S.R., Greet, C.J., Johnson, N.W. and Ralston, J. (1999) Investigating Fine Galena Recovery Problems in the Lead Circuit of Mount Isa Mines Lead/Zinc Concentrator: Part 1. Grinding Media Effects. Minerals Engineering, 12, 147-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-6875(98)00128-9 [6] Forssberg, E., Sundberg, S. and Hongxin, Z. (1988) Influence of Different Grinding Methods on Floatability. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 22, 183-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(88)90063-4 [7] Peng, Y., Grano, S., Fornasiero, D. and Ralston, J. (2003) Control of Grinding Conditions in the Flotation of Galena and Its Separation from Pyrite. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 70, 67-82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(02)00153-9 [8] Peng, Y., Grano, S., Fornasiero, D. and Ralston, J. (2003) Control of Grinding Conditions in the Flotation of Chalcopyrite and Its Separation From Pyrite. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 69, 87-100.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(02)00119-9 [9] Peng, Y.J. and Grano, S. (2010) Inferring the Distribution of Iron Oxidation Species on Mineral Surfaces during Grinding of Base Metal Sulphides. Electrochimical, 55, 5470-5477.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.097 [10] Grano, S. (2009) The Critical Importance of the Grinding Environment on Fine Particle Recovery in Flotation. Minerals Engineering, 22, 386-394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2008.10.008 [11] Martin, C.J., McIvor, R.E., Finch, J.A. and Rao, S.R. (1990) Effect of Grinding Media on Flotation of Sulphide Minerals. Minerals Engineering, 4, 121-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(91)90028-T [12] Adam, K. and Iwasaki, I. (1984) Pyrrhotite Grinding Media Interactions and Its Effect on Floatability at Different Applied Potentials. AIME Transactions, 276, 7. [13] Kocabag, D. and Smith, M.R. (1982) The Effect of Grinding Media and Galvanic Interaction upon the Flotation of Sulphide Minerals. In: Zunkel, A.D., Boorman, R.S., Morris, A.E. and Wesley, R.J., Eds., Complex Sulphides, Processing of Ores, Concentrates and By-Products, The Metallurgical Society, Inc., 55-81. [14] Guy, P.J. and Trahar, W.J. (1984) The Influence of Grinding and Flotation Environments on the Laboratory Batch Flotation of Galena. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 12, 15.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(84)90020-6 [15] Learmont, M.E. and Iwasaki, I. (1984) Effect of Grinding Media on Galena Flotation. AIME Transactions, 276, 9. [16] Rey, M. and Formanek, V. (1960) Some Factors Affecting Selectivity in the Differentia Flotation of Lead-Zinc Ores, Particularly in the Presence of Oxidized Lead Minerals. Proceedings of the 5th International Mineral Processing Congress, London, 343. [17] Thornton, E. (1973) The Effect of Grinding Media on Flotation Selectivity. Canadian Mineral Processors Annual General Meeting, 223. [18] Cases, J.M., De Donato, P., Kongolo, M. and Michot, L. (1989) The Influence of Grinding Media on the Adsorption and Abstraction of Potassium Amyl Xanthate on Finely Ground Galena and Pyrite. SME Preprint 89-62, SME, Littleton. [19] Tolun, R. and Kitchener, J.A. (1964) Electrochemical Study of Galena-Xanthate-Oxygen Flotation System. Trans LM.M., 73, 313. [20] Toperi, R. and Tolun, R. (1969) Electrochemical Study and Thermo-Dynamic Equilibria of the Galena-XanthateOxygen Flotation System. Trans I.M.M., 78, C191. [21] Petruk, W. and Hughson, M.R. (1977) Image Analysis Evaluation of the Effect of Grinding Media on the Selective Flotation of Two Lead-Zinc-Copper. CIM Bulletin, 128. [22] Lynch, A.J., Johnson, N.W., Manlapig, E.V. and Thorne, C.G. (1981) Mathematical Models of Flotation. Mineral and Coal Flotation Circuits, Their Simulation and Control, Developments in Mineral Processing. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 57-96. [23] Smart, R.St.C. (1991) Surface Layers in Base Metal Sulphide Flotation. Minerals Engineering, 4, 891-909.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(91)90072-4 [24] Allen, G.C., Curtis, M.T., Hooper, A.J. and Tucker, P.M. (1974) X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Iron-Oxygen Systems. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 14, 1525-1530.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dt9740001525 [25] Buckley, A.N. and Woods, R. (1984) An X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of the Oxidation of Chalcopyrite. Australian Journal of Chemistry, 37, 2403-2413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/CH9842403 [26] Fornasiero, D., Li, F., Ralston, J. and Smart, R.St.C. (1994) Oxidation of Galena Surfaces: I. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic and Dissolution Kinetics Studies. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 164, 333-344.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1994.1175
[1] Bruckard, W.J., Sparrow, G.J. and Woodcock, J.T. (2011) A Review of the Effects of the Grinding Environment on the Flotation of Copper Sulphides. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 100, 1-13.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2011.04.001 [2] Peng, Y.J. and Grano, S. (2010) Effect of Iron Contamination from Grinding Media on the Flotation of Sulphide Minerals of Different Particle Size. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 97, 1-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2010.07.003 [3] Eslami Andargoli, M.B., Jannesar Malakooti, S., Doulati Ardejani, F. and Abdollahi, H. (2012) Effect of Galvanic Contact on the Flotability of Galena in the Presence and Absence of a Collector. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 22, 629-632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2012.08.006 [4] Subrahmanyam, T.V. and Forssberg, K.S.E. (1993) Mineral Solution-Interface Chemistry in Minerals Engineering. Minerals Engineering, 6, 439-454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(93)90173-K [5] Cullinan, V.J., Grano, S.R., Greet, C.J., Johnson, N.W. and Ralston, J. (1999) Investigating Fine Galena Recovery Problems in the Lead Circuit of Mount Isa Mines Lead/Zinc Concentrator: Part 1. Grinding Media Effects. Minerals Engineering, 12, 147-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-6875(98)00128-9 [6] Forssberg, E., Sundberg, S. and Hongxin, Z. (1988) Influence of Different Grinding Methods on Floatability. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 22, 183-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(88)90063-4 [7] Peng, Y., Grano, S., Fornasiero, D. and Ralston, J. (2003) Control of Grinding Conditions in the Flotation of Galena and Its Separation from Pyrite. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 70, 67-82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(02)00153-9 [8] Peng, Y., Grano, S., Fornasiero, D. and Ralston, J. (2003) Control of Grinding Conditions in the Flotation of Chalcopyrite and Its Separation From Pyrite. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 69, 87-100.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(02)00119-9 [9] Peng, Y.J. and Grano, S. (2010) Inferring the Distribution of Iron Oxidation Species on Mineral Surfaces during Grinding of Base Metal Sulphides. Electrochimical, 55, 5470-5477.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.097 [10] Grano, S. (2009) The Critical Importance of the Grinding Environment on Fine Particle Recovery in Flotation. Minerals Engineering, 22, 386-394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2008.10.008 [11] Martin, C.J., McIvor, R.E., Finch, J.A. and Rao, S.R. (1990) Effect of Grinding Media on Flotation of Sulphide Minerals. Minerals Engineering, 4, 121-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(91)90028-T [12] Adam, K. and Iwasaki, I. (1984) Pyrrhotite Grinding Media Interactions and Its Effect on Floatability at Different Applied Potentials. AIME Transactions, 276, 7. [13] Kocabag, D. and Smith, M.R. (1982) The Effect of Grinding Media and Galvanic Interaction upon the Flotation of Sulphide Minerals. In: Zunkel, A.D., Boorman, R.S., Morris, A.E. and Wesley, R.J., Eds., Complex Sulphides, Processing of Ores, Concentrates and By-Products, The Metallurgical Society, Inc., 55-81. [14] Guy, P.J. and Trahar, W.J. (1984) The Influence of Grinding and Flotation Environments on the Laboratory Batch Flotation of Galena. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 12, 15.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(84)90020-6 [15] Learmont, M.E. and Iwasaki, I. (1984) Effect of Grinding Media on Galena Flotation. AIME Transactions, 276, 9. [16] Rey, M. and Formanek, V. (1960) Some Factors Affecting Selectivity in the Differentia Flotation of Lead-Zinc Ores, Particularly in the Presence of Oxidized Lead Minerals. Proceedings of the 5th International Mineral Processing Congress, London, 343. [17] Thornton, E. (1973) The Effect of Grinding Media on Flotation Selectivity. Canadian Mineral Processors Annual General Meeting, 223. [18] Cases, J.M., De Donato, P., Kongolo, M. and Michot, L. (1989) The Influence of Grinding Media on the Adsorption and Abstraction of Potassium Amyl Xanthate on Finely Ground Galena and Pyrite. SME Preprint 89-62, SME, Littleton. [19] Tolun, R. and Kitchener, J.A. (1964) Electrochemical Study of Galena-Xanthate-Oxygen Flotation System. Trans LM.M., 73, 313. [20] Toperi, R. and Tolun, R. (1969) Electrochemical Study and Thermo-Dynamic Equilibria of the Galena-XanthateOxygen Flotation System. Trans I.M.M., 78, C191. [21] Petruk, W. and Hughson, M.R. (1977) Image Analysis Evaluation of the Effect of Grinding Media on the Selective Flotation of Two Lead-Zinc-Copper. CIM Bulletin, 128. [22] Lynch, A.J., Johnson, N.W., Manlapig, E.V. and Thorne, C.G. (1981) Mathematical Models of Flotation. Mineral and Coal Flotation Circuits, Their Simulation and Control, Developments in Mineral Processing. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 57-96. [23] Smart, R.St.C. (1991) Surface Layers in Base Metal Sulphide Flotation. Minerals Engineering, 4, 891-909.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(91)90072-4 [24] Allen, G.C., Curtis, M.T., Hooper, A.J. and Tucker, P.M. (1974) X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Iron-Oxygen Systems. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 14, 1525-1530.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dt9740001525 [25] Buckley, A.N. and Woods, R. (1984) An X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of the Oxidation of Chalcopyrite. Australian Journal of Chemistry, 37, 2403-2413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/CH9842403 [26] Fornasiero, D., Li, F., Ralston, J. and Smart, R.St.C. (1994) Oxidation of Galena Surfaces: I. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic and Dissolution Kinetics Studies. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 164, 333-344.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1994.1175