Seismic Evaluation and Retrofitting of Existing Hospital Building in the Sudan
Affiliation(s)
Civil Engineering Department, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA (On Leave from Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan). King Khalid University, Abha, KSA (On Leave from Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan). Department of Civil Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA (On Leave from Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan).
Civil Engineering Department, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA (On Leave from Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan). King Khalid University, Abha, KSA (On Leave from Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan). Department of Civil Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA (On Leave from Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan).
ABSTRACT
Sudan is not free from earthquakes. It has experienced many earthquakes during the recent history, and the previous studies on this field demonstrated this argument. This paper focuses on the study of seismic performance of existing hospital buildings in Sudan. The paper focused on studying design of reinforced concrete columns of a hospital building considering two load cases; case one is the design load including combinations of dead, live and wind loads and case two includes dead, live and seismic loads. The building was designed according to the Regulation of Egyptian Society for Earthquake Engineering (ESEE), using the linear static method (equivalent static method). The analysis and design were performed using the SAP2000 version 14 software package. The design results obtained from the two cases of loading were compared observing that the design based on case one was unsafe to withstand the additional load came from earthquake, because the cross sections and area of steel for the most of building columns are under the required values that needed to resist the loads of case two. If the building is constructed according to the design using the loadings of case one, this situation needs remedy. This paper suggested two solutions for this problem based on strengthening the weak columns by inserting reinforced concrete shear walls in the direction of y axis affected by seismic load. Solution one suggests shear walls of length 2.5 m with different wall thicknesses (15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm), whereas solution two suggests shear walls of length 4.5 m and 15 cm width. It was found that solution one solved the problem partially because some columns were still unsafe, but solution two solved the problem completely and all columns were safe.
Sudan is not free from earthquakes. It has experienced many earthquakes during the recent history, and the previous studies on this field demonstrated this argument. This paper focuses on the study of seismic performance of existing hospital buildings in Sudan. The paper focused on studying design of reinforced concrete columns of a hospital building considering two load cases; case one is the design load including combinations of dead, live and wind loads and case two includes dead, live and seismic loads. The building was designed according to the Regulation of Egyptian Society for Earthquake Engineering (ESEE), using the linear static method (equivalent static method). The analysis and design were performed using the SAP2000 version 14 software package. The design results obtained from the two cases of loading were compared observing that the design based on case one was unsafe to withstand the additional load came from earthquake, because the cross sections and area of steel for the most of building columns are under the required values that needed to resist the loads of case two. If the building is constructed according to the design using the loadings of case one, this situation needs remedy. This paper suggested two solutions for this problem based on strengthening the weak columns by inserting reinforced concrete shear walls in the direction of y axis affected by seismic load. Solution one suggests shear walls of length 2.5 m with different wall thicknesses (15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm), whereas solution two suggests shear walls of length 4.5 m and 15 cm width. It was found that solution one solved the problem partially because some columns were still unsafe, but solution two solved the problem completely and all columns were safe.
Cite this paper
Hassaballa, A. , Ismaeil, M. and Adam, F. (2014) Seismic Evaluation and Retrofitting of Existing Hospital Building in the Sudan. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 4, 159-172. doi: 10.4236/ojce.2014.42014.
Hassaballa, A. , Ismaeil, M. and Adam, F. (2014) Seismic Evaluation and Retrofitting of Existing Hospital Building in the Sudan. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 4, 159-172. doi: 10.4236/ojce.2014.42014.
References
[1] Rezaii, M., Ventura, C.E. and Prion, H.G.L. (2000) Numerical Investigation of Thin Unstiffened Steel Plate Shear Walls. Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. [2] Rezai, M., Ventura, C.E. and Prion, H. (2004) Simplified and Detailed Finite Element Models of Steel Plate Shear Walls. 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, 1-6 August 2004, Paper No. 2804. [3] Sucuoglu, H., Jury, R., Ozmen, A., Hopkins, D., Ozcebe, G. and Kubin, J. (2006) Developing Retrofit Solutions for the Residential Building Stocks in Istanbul. Proceedings of the 8th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, San Francisco, 18-22 April 2006. [4] Di Ludovico, M., Balsamo, A., Prota, A. and Manfredi, G. (2008) Comparative Assessment of Seismic Rehabilitation Techniques on a Full Scale 3-Story RC Moment Frame Structure. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 28, 727-747.
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2008.28.6.727 [5] Londhe, R.S. and Chavan, A.P. (2010) Behavour of Building Frames with Steel Plate Shear Walls. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and Housing), 11, 95-102. [6] Ismaeil, M.A., Sobaih, M.E. and Hassaballa, A.E. (2013) Assessment of Seismic Performance and Strengthening of RC Existing Residual Buildings in the Sudan. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2, 442-450. www.ijert.org [7] Ismaeil, M.A. and Hassaballa, A.E. (2013) Seismic Retrofitting of a RC Building by Adding Steel Plate Shear Walls. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (JOSR-JMCE), 7, 49-62.
www.iosrjournals.org. [8] Computers and Structures. SAP2000® v.14: Three Dimensional Static and Dynamic Finite Element Analysis and design of Structures, Computers and Structures Inc., Berkeley, California, USA, 2007. [9] Shehata, A.Y. (1999) Information Systems Application on Reinforced Concrete Columns. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering, Cairo University, Giza. [10] BS 8110. (1997) The Structural Use of Concrete, British Standard Institution, London. [11] El-Hameed, M.H. (2007) Estimation of Dynamic Characteristics of Existing Common Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Egypt Using Ambient Vibration Tests. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering, Cairo University, Giza. [12] Concrete BS6399 (1984) Design Loading for Building Part 1: Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads. [13] Mosley, W.H. and Bungey, J.H. (1997) Reinforced Concrete Design; BS 8110: Part 1. 2nd Edition, Macmillan, London. [14] (1988) Regulations for Earthquake-Resistance Design of Buildings in Egypt. Egyptian Society for Earthquake Engineering (ESEE), Cairo. [15] ECP-201, Egyptian Code for Calculating Loads and Forces in Structural Work and Masonry, National Research Center for Housing and Building, Giza, Egypt, 2011. [16] Hassaballa, E. (2010) Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment and Seismic Design Provisions for Sudan. Ph.D. Thesis, Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST), Khartoum, Sudan.
[1] Rezaii, M., Ventura, C.E. and Prion, H.G.L. (2000) Numerical Investigation of Thin Unstiffened Steel Plate Shear Walls. Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. [2] Rezai, M., Ventura, C.E. and Prion, H. (2004) Simplified and Detailed Finite Element Models of Steel Plate Shear Walls. 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, 1-6 August 2004, Paper No. 2804. [3] Sucuoglu, H., Jury, R., Ozmen, A., Hopkins, D., Ozcebe, G. and Kubin, J. (2006) Developing Retrofit Solutions for the Residential Building Stocks in Istanbul. Proceedings of the 8th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, San Francisco, 18-22 April 2006. [4] Di Ludovico, M., Balsamo, A., Prota, A. and Manfredi, G. (2008) Comparative Assessment of Seismic Rehabilitation Techniques on a Full Scale 3-Story RC Moment Frame Structure. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 28, 727-747.
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2008.28.6.727 [5] Londhe, R.S. and Chavan, A.P. (2010) Behavour of Building Frames with Steel Plate Shear Walls. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and Housing), 11, 95-102. [6] Ismaeil, M.A., Sobaih, M.E. and Hassaballa, A.E. (2013) Assessment of Seismic Performance and Strengthening of RC Existing Residual Buildings in the Sudan. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2, 442-450. www.ijert.org [7] Ismaeil, M.A. and Hassaballa, A.E. (2013) Seismic Retrofitting of a RC Building by Adding Steel Plate Shear Walls. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (JOSR-JMCE), 7, 49-62.
www.iosrjournals.org. [8] Computers and Structures. SAP2000® v.14: Three Dimensional Static and Dynamic Finite Element Analysis and design of Structures, Computers and Structures Inc., Berkeley, California, USA, 2007. [9] Shehata, A.Y. (1999) Information Systems Application on Reinforced Concrete Columns. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering, Cairo University, Giza. [10] BS 8110. (1997) The Structural Use of Concrete, British Standard Institution, London. [11] El-Hameed, M.H. (2007) Estimation of Dynamic Characteristics of Existing Common Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Egypt Using Ambient Vibration Tests. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering, Cairo University, Giza. [12] Concrete BS6399 (1984) Design Loading for Building Part 1: Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads. [13] Mosley, W.H. and Bungey, J.H. (1997) Reinforced Concrete Design; BS 8110: Part 1. 2nd Edition, Macmillan, London. [14] (1988) Regulations for Earthquake-Resistance Design of Buildings in Egypt. Egyptian Society for Earthquake Engineering (ESEE), Cairo. [15] ECP-201, Egyptian Code for Calculating Loads and Forces in Structural Work and Masonry, National Research Center for Housing and Building, Giza, Egypt, 2011. [16] Hassaballa, E. (2010) Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment and Seismic Design Provisions for Sudan. Ph.D. Thesis, Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST), Khartoum, Sudan.