Polycyclic Evolution of Paleoproterozoïc Rocks in the Southwestern Part of the Mako Group (Eastern Senegal, West Africa)

Papa Moussa  Ndiaye; Edmond  Dioh; Famara  Diatta; Alassane  Traore; Makhoudia  Fall; Ousmane  Balde

doi:10.4236/ijg.2014.57066

IJG Vol.5 No.7 , June 2014

Polycyclic Evolution of Paleoproterozoïc Rocks in the Southwestern Part of the Mako Group (Eastern Senegal, West Africa)

Papa Moussa Ndiaye^*, Edmond Dioh, Famara Diatta, Alassane Traore, Makhoudia Fall, Ousmane Balde

Abstract: After an extensional stage giving rise to tholeiitic basalts and gabbros, the south western part of Kédougou Kéniéba Inlier (KKI) was affected by three phases of compressionnal deformation. The first phase (D1) was related to NE-SW stress that led to northeastward thrusting. Early granitoids would be implemented during this tectonic event. The second phase (D2) was due to East-West compressional stress that created combined strike sleep faults: NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW respectively sinistral and dextral. During this phase, some volcanic rocks and gabbros were mylonitized, hydrothermalized and transformed into quartzites. These quartzites were considered as sedimentary rocks in previous studies. Granitic plutons and andesites took place during this tectonic phase. D3 deformation occurred towards the end of the Eburnean orogeny. It would be held in two episodes. In the first episode, WNW-ESE stresses created conjugate shears: sinistral NNW-SSE and dextral NE-SW. In the second episode, stresses moved toward the NE-SW direction and made the resulting brittle structures arranged in NS dextral corridors.

Keywords: Paleoproterozoïc, Eastern Senegal, Volcanic-Rocks, Polycyclic Deformation, Silicification

Cite this paper: Ndiaye, P. , Dioh, E. , Diatta, F. , Traore, A. , Fall, M. and Balde, O. (2014) Polycyclic Evolution of Paleoproterozoïc Rocks in the Southwestern Part of the Mako Group (Eastern Senegal, West Africa). International Journal of Geosciences, 5, 739-748. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2014.57066.

References

[1] Bessoles, B. (1977) Geologie de l’Afrique—Le craton Ouest Africain. Memoire B.R.G.M., France, 88, 403 p.

[2] Black, R. (1980) Precambrian of West Africa. Episodes, 4, 3-8.

[3] Bassot, J.P. (1966) Etude geologique du Senegal oriental et de ses confins Guineo-maliens. Memoire B.R.G.M., France, 40, 332 p.

[4] Ndiaye, P.M., Dia, A., Vialette, Y., Diallo, D.P., Ngom, P.M., Sylla, M., Wade, S. and Dioh, E. (1997) Donnees petrographiques, geochimiques et geochronologiques nouvelles sur les granitoides du Paleoproterozoique du Supergroupe du Diale-Dalema (Senegal oriental): Implications petrogenetiques et geodynamiques. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 25, 193-208.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00098-5

[5] Theveniaut, H., Ndiaye, P.M., Buscail, F., Coueffe, R., Delor, C., Fullgraf, T. and Goujou, J.C. (2010) Notice explicative de la carte geologique a 1/500 000 du Senegal oriental. Ministere des Mines, de l’Industrie, de l’Agro-Industrie et des PME, Direction des Mines et de la Geologie, Dakar, 119 p.

[6] Dia, A. (1988) Caracteres et significations des complexes magmatiques et metamorphiques du secteur de Sandikounda-Lamina (Nord de la Boutonniere de Kedougou). Un modele geodynamique du Birimien de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. These d’Etat, Universite Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Senegal, 350 p.

[7] Diallo, D.P. (1994) Caracterisation d’une portion de croute d’age proterozoique inferieur du craton ouest africain: Cas de l’encaissant des granitoides dans le Supergroupe de Mako (boutonniere de Kedougou implications geodynamiques). These de Doctorat d’Etat, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal, 466 p.

[8] Ngom, P.M. (1995) Caracterisation de la croute birimienne dans les parties centrale et meridionale du Supergroupe de Mako. Implications geochimiques et petrogenetiques. These Doctorat d’Etat, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal, 243 p.

[9] Dioh, E. (1995) Caracterisation, signification et origine des formations birimiennes encaissantes du granit de Dioubalou (Partie septentrionale de la boutonniere de Kedougou-Kenieba, Senegal oriental). These Doctorat d’Etat, Universite Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Senegal, 446 p.

[10] Bassot, J.P. and Vachette, C. (1984) Donnees geochronologiques et geochimiques nouvelles sur les granitoides de l’Est du Senegal—Implication sur l’histoire geologique du Birimien dans cette region. In: Michot, J., Ed., Geologie Africaine, Tervuren, 191-209.

[11] Delor, C., Coueffe, R., Goujou, J.-C., Diallo, D.P., Theveniaut, H., Fullgraf, T., Ndiaye, P.M., Dioh, E., Blein, O., Barry, T.M.M., Cocherie, A., Le Metour, J., Martelet, G., Sergeev, S. and Wemmer, K. (2010) Notice explicative de la carte geologique a 1/200 000 du Senegal, feuille Saraya-Kedougou Est. Ministere des Mines, de l’Industrie, de l’Agro-Industrie et des PME, Direction des Mines et de la Geologie, Dakar, 192 p.

[12] Junner, N.R. (1935) The Tarkwa Goldfield. Geological Survey Memoirs, 6, 75 p.

[13] Ledru, P., Pons, J., Milesi, J.P., Feybesse, J.L. and Johan, V. (1991) Transcurrent Tectonics and Polycyclic Evolution in the Lower Proterozoic of Senegal—Mali (Afrique de l’Oest). Precambrien Research, 50, 139-165.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(91)90028-9

[14] Hirdes, W. and Davis, D.W. (2002) U-Pb Geochronology of Paleoproterozoic Rocks in the Southern Part of the Kedougou-Kenieba-Inlier Senegal, West Africa: Evidence for Diachronous Accrotionary Development of the Eburnean Province. Precambrian Research, 118, 83-99.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(02)00080-3

[15] Gueye, M., Siegesmund, S., Wemmer, K., Pawlig, S., Drobe, M. and Nolte, N. (2008) New Evidences for an Early Birimian Evolution in the West African Craton: An Example from the Kedougou-Kenieba Inlier, SE-Senegal. South African Journal of Geology, 110, 179-190.

[16] Vidal, M., Gumiaux, C., Cagnard, F., Pouclet, A., Ouattara, G. and Pichon, M. (2009) Evolution of a Paleoproterozoic (Weak Type) Orogeny in the West African Craton (Ivory Coast). Tectonophysics, 447, 145-159.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.02.010

[17] Sauwyer, E.W., Barnes, S.J. and Buck, M.J. (1983) Pillow Shelves: Determination of Beddind Direction and Structural Facing Direction for Shelves in Deformed Pillow Lavas. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 20, 1483-1487.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e83-134

[18] More, J.G. and Charlton, D.W. (1984) Ultrathin Lavas Layers Exposed near San Luis Obispo Bay, California. Geology, 12, 542-545.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<542:ULLENS>2.0.CO;2

[19] Cissokho, S. (2012) Etude geologique du secteur de Mako (partie meridionale du Supergroupe de Mako, Boutonniere de Kedougou-Kenieba, Senegal oriental): Implication sur la diversite magmatique. These de Doctorat Troisieme Cycle, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal, 177 p.

[20] Diene, M., Gueye, M., Diallo, D.P. and Dia, A. (2012) Structural Evolution of a Precambrian Segment: Example of the Paleoproterozoic Formations of the Mako Belt (Eastern Senegal, West Africa). International Journal of Geosciences, 3, 153-165.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2012.31017

[21] Wilson, A.H. and Versfeld, A. (1994) The Early Archaen Nondweni Greenstone Belt, Southern Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa, Part I. Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, Mineralization and Depositional Environment. Precambrian Research, 67, 243-276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(94)90012-4

[22] Eugster, H.P. and Jones, B.F. (1968) Gels Composed of Sodium Aluminium Silicate, Lake Magadi, Kenya. Science, 1612, 160-163.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.161.3837.160

[23] Naqvi, S.A., Govil, P.K. and Rogers, J.J.W. (1981) Chemical Sedimentation in Archaean-Early Proterozoic Greenstone Belts of the Dharwar Craton, India. In: Glover, J.E. and Groves, D.I., Eds., Archean Geology: Second International Symposium, Perth, No. 7, Geological Society of Australia, 245-254.