Renal functional MRI in mice evaluated with a dual bolus of intravascular and diffusible contrast agents
ABSTRACT
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a dualbolus protocol, where a first bolus of an intravascular tracer is used to measure perfusion, followed by a second bolus of a freely filtered gadolinium-containing agent to measure filtration capacity. Methods: The study was conducted in mice subjected to complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and sham operated mice were used as controls. Dynamic contrast- en-hanced MRI was performed 2 days after surgery. Results and discussions: Mean signal-time curves of the renal cortex, renal medulla and abdominal aorta were used to calculate the relative renal blood flow (rRBF), relative renal blood volume (rRBV), mean transit time (MTT) and the glomerular transfer rate Ktrans. We demonstrated that kidneys suffering from two days of UUO showed a decrease in cortical as well as medullary rRBF compared to kidneys from sham-operated mice. Further, we found no changes in rRBV and MTT among groups, neither in the cortex nor in the medulla. The renal functional parameter Ktrans showed a tendency (but statistically insignificant) to be reduced in the ob-structed kidney compared to the sham-operated mice. Conclusions: We showed our first experiences with the consecutive use of intra- and extra-vascularly distributed agents in a renal-diseased mouse model, allowing analysis of both functional haemo- dyamics and filtration capacity in kidneys.
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a dualbolus protocol, where a first bolus of an intravascular tracer is used to measure perfusion, followed by a second bolus of a freely filtered gadolinium-containing agent to measure filtration capacity. Methods: The study was conducted in mice subjected to complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and sham operated mice were used as controls. Dynamic contrast- en-hanced MRI was performed 2 days after surgery. Results and discussions: Mean signal-time curves of the renal cortex, renal medulla and abdominal aorta were used to calculate the relative renal blood flow (rRBF), relative renal blood volume (rRBV), mean transit time (MTT) and the glomerular transfer rate Ktrans. We demonstrated that kidneys suffering from two days of UUO showed a decrease in cortical as well as medullary rRBF compared to kidneys from sham-operated mice. Further, we found no changes in rRBV and MTT among groups, neither in the cortex nor in the medulla. The renal functional parameter Ktrans showed a tendency (but statistically insignificant) to be reduced in the ob-structed kidney compared to the sham-operated mice. Conclusions: We showed our first experiences with the consecutive use of intra- and extra-vascularly distributed agents in a renal-diseased mouse model, allowing analysis of both functional haemo- dyamics and filtration capacity in kidneys.
Cite this paper
nullPedersen, M. , Topcu, S. , Sourbron, S. and Nørregaard, R. (2011) Renal functional MRI in mice evaluated with a dual bolus of intravascular and diffusible contrast agents. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 4, 315-319. doi: 10.4236/jbise.2011.44041.
nullPedersen, M. , Topcu, S. , Sourbron, S. and Nørregaard, R. (2011) Renal functional MRI in mice evaluated with a dual bolus of intravascular and diffusible contrast agents. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 4, 315-319. doi: 10.4236/jbise.2011.44041.
References
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[1] Aumann, S., Schoenberg S.O., Just, A., Briley-Saebo, K., Bj?rnerud, A., Bock, M. and Brix, G. (2003) Quantifica-tion of renal perfusion using an intravascular contrast agent (part 1): Results in a canine model. Magnetic Reso-nance in Medicine, 49, 276-287. [2] Schoenberg, S.O., Aumann S., Just, A., Bock, M., Knopp, M.V., Johansson, L.O. and Ahlstrom, H. (2003) Quanti-fication of renal perfusion abnormalities using an in-travascular contrast agent (part 2): Results in animals and humans with renal artery stenosis. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 49, 288-298. doi:10.1002/mrm.10383 [3] Annet, L., Hermoye, L., Peeters, F., Jamar, F., Dehoux, J.P. and van Beers, B.E. (2004) Glomerular filtration rate: assessment with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and a cortical-compartment model in the rabbit kidney. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 20, 843-849. doi:10.1002/jmri.20173 [4] ?stergaard, L., Weisskoff, R.M., Chesler, D.A., Gylden-sted, C. and Rosen, B.R. (1996) High resolution meas-urement of cerebral blood flow using intravascular tracer bolus passages. Part I: Mathematical approach and statis-tical analysis. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 36, 715- 725. doi:10.1002/mrm.1910360510 [5] Tofts, P.S., Brix, G., Buckley, D.L., Evelhoch, J.L., Hen-derson, E., Knopp, M.V., Larsson, H.B., Lee, T.Y., Mayr, N.A., Parker, G.J., Port, R.E., Taylor, J. and Weisskoff, R.M. (1999) Estimating kinetic parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced T(1)-weighted MRI of a diffusable tracer: Standardized quantities and symbols. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 10, 223-232 [6] . Idbohrn, H. and Muren, R.A. (1956) Blood flow in ex-perimental hydronephrosis. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 38, 200-206. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01384.x [7] Wen, J.G., Fr?ki?r, J., J?rgensen, T.M. and Djurhuus, J.C. (1999) Obstructive nephropathy: An update of the ex-perimental research. Urologica Research, 27, 29-39. doi:10.1007/s002400050086 [8] Yarger, W.E. and Griffith, L.D. (1974) Intrarenal hemo-dynamics following chronic unilateral ureteral obstruc-tion in the dog. American Journal of Physiology, 227, 816-826. [9] Harris, R.H. and Gill, J.M. (1981) Changes in glomerular filtration rate during complete ureteral obstruction in rats. Kidney International, 19, 603-608. doi:10.1038/ki.1981.58 [10] Clausen, G. and Hope, A. (1977) Intrarenal distribution of blood flow and glomerular filtration during chronic uni-lateral ureteral obstruction. Acta Physiologica Scandi-navica, 100, 22-32. [11] Solez, K., Ponchak, S., Buono, R.A., Vernon, N., Finer, P.M., Miller, M. and Heptinstall, R.H. (1976) Inner me-dullary plasma flow in the kidney with ureteral obstruc-tion. American Journal of Physiology, 231, 1315-1321. [12] Sadick, M., Schock, D., Kraenzlin, B., Gretz, N., Scho- enberg, S.O. and Michaely, H.J. (2009) Morphologic and dynamic renal imaging with assessment of glomerular filtration rate in a pcy-mouse model using a clinical 3.0 Tesla scanner. Investigative Radiology, 44, 469-475. doi:10.1097/RLI.0b013e3181a8afa1 [13] Harris, R.H. and Yarger, W.E. (1974) Renal function after release of unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats. American Journal of Physiology, 227, 806-815. [14] Sourbron, S.P., Michaely, H.J., Reiser, M.F. and Schoen-berg, S.O. (2008) MRI-measurement of perfusion and glomerular filtration in the human kidney with a separa-ble compartment model. Investigative Radiology, 43, 40- 48. doi:10.1097/RLI.0b013e31815597c5 [15] Togao, O., Doi, S., Kuro, M., Masaki, T., Yorioka, N. and Takahashi, M. (2010) Assessment of renal fibrosis with diffusion-weighted MR imaging: Study with murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Radiology, 255, 772- 780. doi:10.1148/radiol.10091735 [16] Buckley, D.L., Kershaw, L.E. and Stanisz, G.J. (2008) Cellular-interstitial water exchange and its effect on the determination of contrast agent concentration in vivo: dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of human internal ob-turator muscle. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 60, 1011-1019. doi:10.1002/mrm.21748 [17] Bj?rnerud, A., Johansson, L.O., Briley-Saebo, K. and Ahlstrom, H.K. (2002) Assessment of T1 and T2* effects in vivo and ex vivo using iron oxide nanoparticles in steady state—dependence on blood volume and water exchange. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 47, 461- 471.