Dietary Magnesium Intake Related to C-Reactive Protein in Newly Diagnosed Coronary Heart Disease Patients at Middle Zone, Gaza Strip. A Hospital Based Study

Jehad H.  El-Hissi; Adham I.  Ahmed; Ihab M.  Al-Masri; Mazen A.  El-Sakka; Atef A.  Masad; Ahmed A.  Najem

doi:10.4236/pp.2014.57070

PP Vol.5 No.7 , June 2014

Dietary Magnesium Intake Related to C-Reactive Protein in Newly Diagnosed Coronary Heart Disease Patients at Middle Zone, Gaza Strip. A Hospital Based Study

Jehad H. El-Hissi, Adham I. Ahmed^*, Ihab M. Al-Masri, Mazen A. El-Sakka, Atef A. Masad, Ahmed A. Najem

Abstract: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a highly prevalent disease all over the world. Magnesium (Mg) plays a role in CHD but it is still unclear. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker which may rise in CHD. Aim of study: To assess the impact of dietary Mg intake and its level in relation to CRP among newly diagnosed CHD at middle zone of Gaza Strip. Methodology: Patients (n = 140) with confirmed CHD, 50 ± 10 years, presented in the cardiac care unit at Aqsa Martyr’s Hospital between 1 April 2012 and 30 December 2012, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study after taking consent. ECG, clinical status, and cardiac markers were used to confirm diagnosis by cardiologist. Food frequency questionnaire was used to assess Mg intake and calcium intake in addition to measurement of its level in serum. CRP latex slide was used for measurement of CRP. Results: Mg intake and serum Mg were inversely associated with risk of CHD. Mean of serum Mg among cases (1.80) was lower than controls (2.41) (P = 0.001). Percent of positive CRP was higher in cases (32.9%) than controls (12.9%) (P = 0.005). Mean of serum Mg was (1.96 ± 0.47) for positive CRP which was lower than the mean of serum Mg (2.15 ± 0.44) for negative CRP. Conclusion: Newly diagnosed patients with CHD have a positive CRP, low serum and low Mg intake, and low serum Mg was associated with elevated CRP.

Keywords: Coronary Heart Disease, C-Reactive Protein, Magnesium, Dietary Behavior, Life Style

Cite this paper: El-Hissi, J. , Ahmed, A. , Al-Masri, I. , El-Sakka, M. , Masad, A. and Najem, A. (2014) Dietary Magnesium Intake Related to C-Reactive Protein in Newly Diagnosed Coronary Heart Disease Patients at Middle Zone, Gaza Strip. A Hospital Based Study. Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 5, 601-611. doi: 10.4236/pp.2014.57070.

References

[1] Bernard, J.G., Sliwa, K., Mayosi, B.M. and Yusuf, S. (2010) Theepidemic of Cardiovascular Disease in the Developing World: Global Implications. European Heart Journal, 31, 642-648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq030

[2] WHO (2012) Global Health Observatory (GHO) Deaths from CVD Situation.
http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/mortality_morbidity/cvd/en/index.html

[3] Altura, B.M. and Altura, B.T. (2007) Magnesium: Forgotten Mineral in Cardiovascular Biology and Atherogenesis. In: Nishizawa, Y., Morii, H., Durlach, J., Eds., New Perspectives in Magnesium Research: Nutrition and Health, Springer-Verlag, London, 239-260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-483-0_19

[4] Singh, R.B., Rastogi, S.S., Sharma, V.K., Saharia, R.B. and Kulsretha, S.K. (1990) Can Dietary Magnesium Modulate Lipoprotein Metabolism? Magnesium and Trace Elements, 9, 255-264.

[5] Al-Delaimy, W.K., Rimm, E.B. and Willett, W.C. (2004) Magnesium Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease among Men. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 23, 63-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2004.10719344

[6] Bo, S. and Pisu, E. (2008) Role of Dietary Magnesium in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Insulin Sensitivity and Diabetes. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 19, 50-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0b013e3282f33ccc

[7] King, D.E., Mainous 3rd, A.G., Geesey, M.E. and Woolson, R.F. (2005) Dietary Magnesium and C-Reactive Protein Levels. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 24, 166-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2005.10719461

[8] CDC (2012) About Coronary Artery Disease, USA, 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/coronary_ad.htm

[9] Hale, A. and Hovey, M. (2013) Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances: Content Review plus Practice Questions (DavisPlus). Davis, Philadelphia, 300-303.

[10] Kao, P.C., Shiesh, S.C. and Wu, T.J. (2006) Serum C-Reactive Protein as a Marker for Wellness Assessment. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science, 36, 163-169.

[11] USDA (2013) Agricultural Research Service. Nutrient Intakes Percent of Population 2 Years Old and over with Adequate Intakes Based on Average Requirement. Community Nutrition Mapping Project.
http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl

[12] Dobson, A.J., Blijlevens, R., Alexander, H.M., et al. (1993) Short Fat Questionnaire: A Self-Administered Measure of Fat-Intake Behaviour. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 17, 144-149.

[13] IBM (2013) SPSS Statistics, USA, 2013.
http://www-01.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/products/statistics/

[14] The World Bank (2013) Poverty Headcount Ratio at $2 a Day (PPP) (% of Population), USA, 2005.
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.2DAY

[15] Zhang, W., Iso, H., Ohira, T., Date, C. and Tamakoshi, A. (JACC Study Group) (2012) Associations of Dietary Magnesium Intake with Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease: The JACC Study. Atherosclerosis, 221, 587-595.

[16] Swaminathan, R. (2003) Magnesium Metabolism and Its Disorders. Clinical Biochemistry Review, 24, 47-66.

[17] Bo, S., Durazzo, M. and Guidi, S. (2006) Dietary Magnesium and Fiber Intake, Inflammatoryand Metabolic Parameters in Middle-Aged Subjects from a Population-Based Cohort. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84, 1062-1069.

[18] Rodríguez-Morán, M. and Guerrero-Romero, F. (2008) Serum Magnesium and C-Reactive Protein Levels. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 93, 676-680.

[19] Bo, S., Durazzo, M., Guidi, S., Carello, M., Sacerdote, C., Silli, B., Rosato, R., Cassader, M., Gentile, L. and Pagano, G. (2006) Dietary Magnesium and Fiber Intakes and Inflammatory and Metabolic Indicators in Middleaged Subjects from a Population-Based Cohort. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84, 1062-1069.

[20] Romero, G. and Morán, R. (2002) Relationship between Serum Magnesium Levels and C-Reactive Protein Concentration, in Non-Diabetic, Non-Hypertensive Obese Subjects. International Journal of Obesity, 26, 469-474.

[21] Kupetsky-Rincon, E. and Uitto, J. (2012) Magnesium: Novel Applications in Cardiovascular Disease—A Review of the Literature. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 61, 102-110.

[22] Agus, Z.S. (1999) Hypomagnesemia. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 10, 1616-1622.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10405219

[23] Anonymous (2014) Compact Version—DiaSys Diagnostic Systems GmbH, Germany.
http://www.diasys-diagnostics.com/fileadmin/downloads/Print_Material/Katalog/DiaSys_Shortcatalogue_2014_ENG.pdf

[24] Anonymous (2014) CRP-Latex Agglutination Test—Inmesco GmbH, Germany.
http://www.inmesco.de/pdf/customer-support/rapid-latex-slide-test/inmesco-crp-latex-agglutination-test.pdf

[25] Anonymous (1979) Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis of Ischemic Heart Disease. Report of the Joint International Society and Federation of Cardiology/World Health Organization Task Force on Standardization of Clinical Nomenclature. Circulation, 59, 607-609.