Efficacy of the Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Device as an Alternative to Oral Progesterone in the Management of Endometrial Hyperplasia without Atypia
Author(s)
Hend S. Saleh,
Moustafa A. Ibrahiem,
Ebtesam M. Kamal,
Mohamed El Sayed Mohamed,
Manal M. El Behery
ABSTRACT
The following article has been retracted due to the strong
authorship problem regarding publication and the first author of this
manuscript is insisting to withdraw it. This paper published in Vol. 4 No.
7 349-355, 2014, has been removed from this site.
Cite this paper
Saleh, H. , Ibrahiem, M. , Kamal, E. , Mohamed, M. and El Behery, M. (2014) Efficacy of the Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Device as an Alternative to Oral Progesterone in the Management of Endometrial Hyperplasia without Atypia. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4, 349-355. doi: 10.4236/ojog.2014.47052.
Saleh, H. , Ibrahiem, M. , Kamal, E. , Mohamed, M. and El Behery, M. (2014) Efficacy of the Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Device as an Alternative to Oral Progesterone in the Management of Endometrial Hyperplasia without Atypia. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4, 349-355. doi: 10.4236/ojog.2014.47052.
References
[1] Lee, T.S., Seong, S.J., Kim, J.W., Ryu, H.S., Song, E.S. and Nam, B.H. (2011) Management of Endometrial Hyperplasia with a Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System: Single Arm, Prospective Multicenter Study: Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group Study (KGOG2006). Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 41, 817-819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyr048 [2] Lacey, J.V. and Chia, V.M. (2009) Endometrial Hyperplasia and the Risk of Progression to Carcinoma. Maturitas, 63, 39-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.02.005 [3] Varma, R., Soneja, H., Bhatia, K., et al. (2008) The Effectiveness of a Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS) in the Treatment of Endometrial Hyperplasia—A Long-Term Follow-Up Study. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 139, 169-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.02.022 [4] Wildemeersch, D., Janssens, D., Pylyser, K., et al. (2007) Management of Patients with Non-Atypical and Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia with a Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System: Long-Term Follow-Up. Maturitas, 57, 210-213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.12.004 [5] Randall, T.C. and Kurman, R.J. (1997) Progestin Treatment of Atypical Hyperplasia and Well-Differentiated Carcinoma of the Endometrium in Women under Age 40. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 90, 434-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00297-4 [6] Wildemeersch, D. and Dhont, M. (2003) Management of Patients with Non-Atypical and Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia with a Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 188, 1297-1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mob.2003.346 [7] Speroff, L. and Darney, P. (2010) A Clinical Guide for Contraception. 5th Edition, Lippincott Williams, Philadelphia. [8] Bahmondes, L., Petta, C.A., Fernandes, A. and Monterio, I. (2007) Use of the Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System in Women with Endometriosis, Pelvic Pain and Dysmenorrhea. Contraception, 75, S134-S139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2006.12.008 [9] Bergeron C, and Ferenczy, A. (2001) Endometrial Safety of Continuous Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy with 17β-Oestradiol (1 or 2 mg) and Dydrogesterone. Maturitas, 37, 191-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5122(00)00176-6 [10] Trimble, C.L., Method, M., Leitao, M., Lu, K., Ioffe, O., Hampton, M., Higgins, R., Zaino, R., Mutter, G.L., Society of Gynecologic Oncology Clinical Practice Committee (2012) Management of Endometrial Precancers. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 120, 1160-1175. [11] Lee, S.Y., Kim, M.K., Park, H., Yoon, B.S., Seong, S.J., Kang, J.H., Jun, H.S. and Park, C.T. (2010) The Effectiveness of Levonorgestrel Releasing Intrauterine System in the Treatment of Endometrial Hyperplasia in Korean Women. Journal of Gynecologic Oncology, 21, 102-105. [12] Clark, T.J., Neelakantan, D. and Gupta, J.K. (2006) The Management of Endometrial Hyperplasia: An Evaluation of Current Practice. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 125, 259-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2005.09.004 [13] Bese, T., Vural, A., Ozturk, M., Dagistanli, F., Demirkiran, F., Tuncdemir, M., et al. (2006) The Effect of Long-Term Use of Progesterone Therapy on Proliferation and Apoptosis in Simple Endometrial Hyperplasia without Atypia. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 16, 809-813.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00533.x [14] Marsden, D.E. and Hacker, N.F. (2001) Optimal Management of Endometrial Hyperplasia. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 15, 393-405.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/beog.2000.0184 [15] Vereide, A.B., Arnes, M., Straume, B., Maltau, J.M. and Orbo, A. (2003) Nuclear Morphometric Changes and Therapy Monitoring in Patients with Endometrial Hyperplasia: A Study Comparing Effects of Intrauterine Levonorgestrel and Systemic Medroxyprogesterone. Gynecologic Oncology, 91, 526-533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.07.002 [16] Gallos, I.D., Shehmar, M., Thangaratinam, S., et al. (2010) Oral Progestogens vs Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System for Endometrial Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 203, 547.e1-10. [17] Orbo, A., Arnes, M., Hancke, C., Vereide, A.B., Pettersen, I. and Larsen, K. (2008) Treatment Results of Endometrial Hyperplasia after Prospective D-Score Classification: A Follow-Up Study Comparing Effect of LNG-IUD and Oral Progestins versus Observation Only. Gynecologic Oncology, 111, 68-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.06.014 [18] Reed, S.D., Voigt, L.F., Newton, K.M., et al. (2009) Progestin Therapy of Complex Endometrial Hyperplasia with and without Atypia. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 113, 655-622.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318198a10a [19] Davis, S.L. and George, M.S. (2006) Estrogens and Progestins. In: Laurence, L.B., John, S.L. and Keith, L.P., Eds., Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 11th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1541-1571, ISBN 0-07-142280-3. [20] Demirkiran, F., Yavuz, E., Erenel, H., Bese, T., Arvas, M. and Sanioglu, C. (2012) Which Is the Best Technique for Endometrial Sampling? Aspiration (Pipelle) versus Dilatation and Curettage (D & C). Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 286, 1277-1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2438-8 [21] Panay, N., Hamoda, H., Arya, R. and Savvas, M. (2013) The 2013 British Menopause Society & Women’s Health Concern Recommendations on Hormone Replacement Therapy. Post Reproductive Health, Published online before print, 23 May 2013. [22] Leitao Jr., M.M., Han, G., Lee, L.X., Abu-Rustum, N.R., Brown, C.L., Chi, D.S., et al. (2010) Complex Atypical Hyperplasia of the Uterus: Characteristics and Prediction of Underlying Carcinoma Risk. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 203, 349.e1-e6. [23] Guido, R.S., Kanbour-Shakir, A., Rulin, M.C. and Christopherson, W.A. (1995) Pipelle Endometrial Sampling. Sensitivity in the Detection of Endometrial Cancer. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 40, 553-555.
[1] Lee, T.S., Seong, S.J., Kim, J.W., Ryu, H.S., Song, E.S. and Nam, B.H. (2011) Management of Endometrial Hyperplasia with a Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System: Single Arm, Prospective Multicenter Study: Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group Study (KGOG2006). Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 41, 817-819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyr048 [2] Lacey, J.V. and Chia, V.M. (2009) Endometrial Hyperplasia and the Risk of Progression to Carcinoma. Maturitas, 63, 39-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.02.005 [3] Varma, R., Soneja, H., Bhatia, K., et al. (2008) The Effectiveness of a Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS) in the Treatment of Endometrial Hyperplasia—A Long-Term Follow-Up Study. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 139, 169-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.02.022 [4] Wildemeersch, D., Janssens, D., Pylyser, K., et al. (2007) Management of Patients with Non-Atypical and Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia with a Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System: Long-Term Follow-Up. Maturitas, 57, 210-213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.12.004 [5] Randall, T.C. and Kurman, R.J. (1997) Progestin Treatment of Atypical Hyperplasia and Well-Differentiated Carcinoma of the Endometrium in Women under Age 40. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 90, 434-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00297-4 [6] Wildemeersch, D. and Dhont, M. (2003) Management of Patients with Non-Atypical and Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia with a Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 188, 1297-1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mob.2003.346 [7] Speroff, L. and Darney, P. (2010) A Clinical Guide for Contraception. 5th Edition, Lippincott Williams, Philadelphia. [8] Bahmondes, L., Petta, C.A., Fernandes, A. and Monterio, I. (2007) Use of the Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System in Women with Endometriosis, Pelvic Pain and Dysmenorrhea. Contraception, 75, S134-S139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2006.12.008 [9] Bergeron C, and Ferenczy, A. (2001) Endometrial Safety of Continuous Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy with 17β-Oestradiol (1 or 2 mg) and Dydrogesterone. Maturitas, 37, 191-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5122(00)00176-6 [10] Trimble, C.L., Method, M., Leitao, M., Lu, K., Ioffe, O., Hampton, M., Higgins, R., Zaino, R., Mutter, G.L., Society of Gynecologic Oncology Clinical Practice Committee (2012) Management of Endometrial Precancers. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 120, 1160-1175. [11] Lee, S.Y., Kim, M.K., Park, H., Yoon, B.S., Seong, S.J., Kang, J.H., Jun, H.S. and Park, C.T. (2010) The Effectiveness of Levonorgestrel Releasing Intrauterine System in the Treatment of Endometrial Hyperplasia in Korean Women. Journal of Gynecologic Oncology, 21, 102-105. [12] Clark, T.J., Neelakantan, D. and Gupta, J.K. (2006) The Management of Endometrial Hyperplasia: An Evaluation of Current Practice. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 125, 259-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2005.09.004 [13] Bese, T., Vural, A., Ozturk, M., Dagistanli, F., Demirkiran, F., Tuncdemir, M., et al. (2006) The Effect of Long-Term Use of Progesterone Therapy on Proliferation and Apoptosis in Simple Endometrial Hyperplasia without Atypia. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 16, 809-813.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00533.x [14] Marsden, D.E. and Hacker, N.F. (2001) Optimal Management of Endometrial Hyperplasia. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 15, 393-405.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/beog.2000.0184 [15] Vereide, A.B., Arnes, M., Straume, B., Maltau, J.M. and Orbo, A. (2003) Nuclear Morphometric Changes and Therapy Monitoring in Patients with Endometrial Hyperplasia: A Study Comparing Effects of Intrauterine Levonorgestrel and Systemic Medroxyprogesterone. Gynecologic Oncology, 91, 526-533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.07.002 [16] Gallos, I.D., Shehmar, M., Thangaratinam, S., et al. (2010) Oral Progestogens vs Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System for Endometrial Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 203, 547.e1-10. [17] Orbo, A., Arnes, M., Hancke, C., Vereide, A.B., Pettersen, I. and Larsen, K. (2008) Treatment Results of Endometrial Hyperplasia after Prospective D-Score Classification: A Follow-Up Study Comparing Effect of LNG-IUD and Oral Progestins versus Observation Only. Gynecologic Oncology, 111, 68-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.06.014 [18] Reed, S.D., Voigt, L.F., Newton, K.M., et al. (2009) Progestin Therapy of Complex Endometrial Hyperplasia with and without Atypia. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 113, 655-622.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318198a10a [19] Davis, S.L. and George, M.S. (2006) Estrogens and Progestins. In: Laurence, L.B., John, S.L. and Keith, L.P., Eds., Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 11th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1541-1571, ISBN 0-07-142280-3. [20] Demirkiran, F., Yavuz, E., Erenel, H., Bese, T., Arvas, M. and Sanioglu, C. (2012) Which Is the Best Technique for Endometrial Sampling? Aspiration (Pipelle) versus Dilatation and Curettage (D & C). Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 286, 1277-1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2438-8 [21] Panay, N., Hamoda, H., Arya, R. and Savvas, M. (2013) The 2013 British Menopause Society & Women’s Health Concern Recommendations on Hormone Replacement Therapy. Post Reproductive Health, Published online before print, 23 May 2013. [22] Leitao Jr., M.M., Han, G., Lee, L.X., Abu-Rustum, N.R., Brown, C.L., Chi, D.S., et al. (2010) Complex Atypical Hyperplasia of the Uterus: Characteristics and Prediction of Underlying Carcinoma Risk. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 203, 349.e1-e6. [23] Guido, R.S., Kanbour-Shakir, A., Rulin, M.C. and Christopherson, W.A. (1995) Pipelle Endometrial Sampling. Sensitivity in the Detection of Endometrial Cancer. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 40, 553-555.