A Study on Microhardness, Microstructure and Wear Properties of Plasma Transferred Arc Hardfaced Structural Steel with Titanium Carbide
Affiliation(s)
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India.
ABSTRACT
The Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) hardfacing allows for homogeneous refined microstructure, low distortion and dilution resulting on enhanced surface properties when compared to hardfacing by conventional welding processes. This paper deals with PTA surfacing of a structural steel with a consumable containing TiC. TiC is a very hard refractory material finding increasing usage for wear resistance application. The composition and amount of heat input evidently affect the microstructure and properties of the hardfacing. The microstructure and microhardness of PTA hardfaced structural steel with TiC were investigated at different heat input conditions across the various zones. The influence of hardfacing parameters on the resulting microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance performance was evaluated. Wear resistance of the hardfaced surface was increased significantly.
The Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) hardfacing allows for homogeneous refined microstructure, low distortion and dilution resulting on enhanced surface properties when compared to hardfacing by conventional welding processes. This paper deals with PTA surfacing of a structural steel with a consumable containing TiC. TiC is a very hard refractory material finding increasing usage for wear resistance application. The composition and amount of heat input evidently affect the microstructure and properties of the hardfacing. The microstructure and microhardness of PTA hardfaced structural steel with TiC were investigated at different heat input conditions across the various zones. The influence of hardfacing parameters on the resulting microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance performance was evaluated. Wear resistance of the hardfaced surface was increased significantly.
Cite this paper
Sivaramakrishnan, B. and Nadarajan, M. (2014) A Study on Microhardness, Microstructure and Wear Properties of Plasma Transferred Arc Hardfaced Structural Steel with Titanium Carbide. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 2, 160-168. doi: 10.4236/jmmce.2014.23020.
Sivaramakrishnan, B. and Nadarajan, M. (2014) A Study on Microhardness, Microstructure and Wear Properties of Plasma Transferred Arc Hardfaced Structural Steel with Titanium Carbide. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 2, 160-168. doi: 10.4236/jmmce.2014.23020.
References
[1] Su, Y.L. and Chen, K.Y. (1997) Effect of Alloy Additions on Wear Resistance of Nickel in Pulsed GMAW. Welding Journal, 76, 143s-150s. [2] Zhang, Q.H. and Yin, B.Y. (2006) Microstructure and Wear Properties of TiC-VC Reinforced Iron Based Hardfacing Layers. Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining Published by Maney on Behalf of the Institute. [3] Zollinger, O.O., Beckham, J.E. and Monroe, C. (1998) What to Know before Selecting Hardfacing Electrodes: Special Emphasis: Developments in Welding Electrodes. Welding Journal, 77, 39-43. [4] Jha, A.K., Prasad, B.K., Dasgupta, R. and Modi, O.P. (1999) Influence of Material Characteristics on the Abrasive Wear Response of Some Hardfacing Alloys. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 8, 190-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105994999770347034 [5] Davis, J.R., Davis and Associates (1994) Hardfacing, Weld Cladding and Dissimilar Metal Joining. ASM Handbook— Welding, Brazing and Soldering, Vol. 6, 10th Edition, ASM Metals Park, OH, 699-828. [6] Lugscheider, E., Morkramer, U. and Ait-Mekideche, A. (1991) Advances in PTA Surfacing. Proceeding of the 4th National Thermal Spray Conference, Pittsburgh. [7] D’Oliveira, A.S.C.M. (2005) Pulsed Current Plasma Arc Welding. Journal of Material Processing Technology, 171, 167-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.269 [8] Wang, X.B. (1998) Metal Powder Thermal Behavior during the PTA Surfacing Process. Surface and Coatings Technology, 156-161. [9] Liu, C.S., Huang, J.H., Zhao, Y. and Liu, M. (2000) Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 10, 405-407. [10] Gonzalez, C. and Llorca, J. (2001) Micromechanical Modeling of Deformation and Failure in Ti-6Al-4V/SiC Composites. Acta Materialia, 49, 3505-3519.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00246-4 [11] Fu, Y.-C., Shi, N.-L., Zhang, D.-Z. and Yang, R. (2004) Preparation of SiC/Ti Composites by Powder Cloth Technique. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 14, 465-470. [12] Ding, H.-M., Liu, X.-F., Lin, Y. and Zhao, G.-Q. (2007) The Influence of Forming Processes on the Distribution and Morphologies of TiC in Al-Ti-C Master Alloys. Scripta Materialia, 57, 575-578.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.06.028 [13] Hill, D., Banerjee, R., Huber, D., Tiley, J. and Fraser, H.L. (2005) Formation of Equiaxed Alpha in TiB Reinforced Ti Alloy Composites. Scripta Materialia, 52, 387-392.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.10.019 [14] Falat, L., et al. (2005) Mechanical Properties of Fe-Al-M-C (M = Ti, V, Nb, Ta) Alloys with Strengthening Carbides and Laves Phase. Intermetallics, 13, 1256-1262.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2004.05.010 [15] Dóllar, A. and Dymek, S. (2003) Microstructure and High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Nb3Al Based Materials. Intermetallics, 11, 341-349.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0966-9795(03)00002-5 [16] Weman, K. (2003) Welding Processes Handbook. CRC Press LLC, New York. [17] Puntharani, K. and Murugan, N. (2010) Finite Element Simulation for Prediction of Bead Geometry and Resudual Stesses in Stellite Hardfacing Gate Valve by PTAW Process. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology.
[1] Su, Y.L. and Chen, K.Y. (1997) Effect of Alloy Additions on Wear Resistance of Nickel in Pulsed GMAW. Welding Journal, 76, 143s-150s. [2] Zhang, Q.H. and Yin, B.Y. (2006) Microstructure and Wear Properties of TiC-VC Reinforced Iron Based Hardfacing Layers. Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining Published by Maney on Behalf of the Institute. [3] Zollinger, O.O., Beckham, J.E. and Monroe, C. (1998) What to Know before Selecting Hardfacing Electrodes: Special Emphasis: Developments in Welding Electrodes. Welding Journal, 77, 39-43. [4] Jha, A.K., Prasad, B.K., Dasgupta, R. and Modi, O.P. (1999) Influence of Material Characteristics on the Abrasive Wear Response of Some Hardfacing Alloys. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 8, 190-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105994999770347034 [5] Davis, J.R., Davis and Associates (1994) Hardfacing, Weld Cladding and Dissimilar Metal Joining. ASM Handbook— Welding, Brazing and Soldering, Vol. 6, 10th Edition, ASM Metals Park, OH, 699-828. [6] Lugscheider, E., Morkramer, U. and Ait-Mekideche, A. (1991) Advances in PTA Surfacing. Proceeding of the 4th National Thermal Spray Conference, Pittsburgh. [7] D’Oliveira, A.S.C.M. (2005) Pulsed Current Plasma Arc Welding. Journal of Material Processing Technology, 171, 167-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.269 [8] Wang, X.B. (1998) Metal Powder Thermal Behavior during the PTA Surfacing Process. Surface and Coatings Technology, 156-161. [9] Liu, C.S., Huang, J.H., Zhao, Y. and Liu, M. (2000) Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 10, 405-407. [10] Gonzalez, C. and Llorca, J. (2001) Micromechanical Modeling of Deformation and Failure in Ti-6Al-4V/SiC Composites. Acta Materialia, 49, 3505-3519.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00246-4 [11] Fu, Y.-C., Shi, N.-L., Zhang, D.-Z. and Yang, R. (2004) Preparation of SiC/Ti Composites by Powder Cloth Technique. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 14, 465-470. [12] Ding, H.-M., Liu, X.-F., Lin, Y. and Zhao, G.-Q. (2007) The Influence of Forming Processes on the Distribution and Morphologies of TiC in Al-Ti-C Master Alloys. Scripta Materialia, 57, 575-578.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.06.028 [13] Hill, D., Banerjee, R., Huber, D., Tiley, J. and Fraser, H.L. (2005) Formation of Equiaxed Alpha in TiB Reinforced Ti Alloy Composites. Scripta Materialia, 52, 387-392.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.10.019 [14] Falat, L., et al. (2005) Mechanical Properties of Fe-Al-M-C (M = Ti, V, Nb, Ta) Alloys with Strengthening Carbides and Laves Phase. Intermetallics, 13, 1256-1262.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2004.05.010 [15] Dóllar, A. and Dymek, S. (2003) Microstructure and High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Nb3Al Based Materials. Intermetallics, 11, 341-349.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0966-9795(03)00002-5 [16] Weman, K. (2003) Welding Processes Handbook. CRC Press LLC, New York. [17] Puntharani, K. and Murugan, N. (2010) Finite Element Simulation for Prediction of Bead Geometry and Resudual Stesses in Stellite Hardfacing Gate Valve by PTAW Process. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology.