Association between Chronic Kidney Disease and Depression

Adnan  Bashir Bhatti; Farhan  Ali; Siddique  A. Satti

doi:10.4236/ojneph.2014.42008

Adnan Bashir Bhatti^*, Farhan Ali, Siddique A. Satti

Abstract: Background: Depression is relatively prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Knowing the frequency of depression in these patients, the association with variables such as stage of disease, education, and income status may be helpful in devising strategies for better management. Methods: We examined 315 patients diagnosed with CKD presented in the outpatient and emergency department of medicine at Capital Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan. Depression was diagnosed according to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale of depressive episode. Results: In the dialysis group, 83.8% were depression positive, while in the pre-dialysis group only 61.3% of patients were given the same diagnosis (P < 0.05). A significant association was moreover found between depression and education status (P < 0.05), but not for income status. Conclusions: Considering the high incidence of depression in CKD patients, screenings should be routinely performed in order to identify and treat depression in its early stages for these patients.

Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Depression, Education Status, Dialysis

Cite this paper: Bashir Bhatti, A. , Ali, F. and A. Satti, S. (2014) Association between Chronic Kidney Disease and Depression. Open Journal of Nephrology, 4, 55-60. doi: 10.4236/ojneph.2014.42008.

References

[1] Bargman, J.M. and Skorecki, K. (2008) Chronic Kidney Disease. In: Fauci, A.S., Braunwald, E., Kasper, D.L., Hauser, S.L., Eds., Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, Mc Graw Hill, 1761-1771.

[2] Lysaght, M.J. (2002) Maintenance Dialysis Population Dynamics: Current Trends and Long-Term Implications. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 13, S37-S40.

[3] Tamizuddin, S. and Ahmed, W. (2010) Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Chronic Kidney Disease and Estimated GFR in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. Journal Pakistan Medical Association, 60, 342-346.

[4] Bossola, M., Ciciarelli, C., Stasio, D., et al. (2010) Correlates of Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. General Hospital Psychiatry, 32, 125-131.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.10.009

[5] Chilcot, J., Wellsted, D. and Farrington, K. (2010) Depression in End-Stage Renal Disease: Current Advances and Research. Seminars in Dialysis, 23, 74-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-139X.2009.00628.x

[6] Cukor, D., Cohen, S.D., Peterson, R.A., et al. (2007) Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Disease: ESRD as a Paradigmatic Illness. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 18, 3042-3055.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2007030345

[7] Zalai, D.M. and Novak, M. (2008) Depressive Disorders in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Prim Psychiatry, 15, 66-72.

[8] Anees, M., Barki, H., Masood, M., Mumtaz, A. and Kausar, T. (2008) Depression in Hemodialysis Patients. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 24, 560-565.

[9] Chilcot, J., Wellsted, D. and Farrington, K. (2008) Screening for Depression While Patients Dialyse: An Evaluation. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 23, 2653-2659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfn105

[10] McKercher, C., Sanderson, K. and Jose, M.D. (2013) Psychosocial Factors in People with Chronic Kidney Disease Prior to Renal Replacement Therapy. Nephrology, 18, 585-591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nep.12138

[11] Leentjens, A.F.G., Dujardin, K., Marsh, L., et al. (2011) Anxiety Rating Scales in Parkinson’s Disease: A Validation Study of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Movement Disorders, 26, 407-415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.23184

[12] Hung, K.C., Wu, C.C. and Chen, H.S. (2001) Serum IL-6, Albumin and Comorbidities Are Closely Correlated with Symptoms of Depression in Patients on Maintenance Haemodialysis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 26, 658-664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfq411

[13] Wuerth, D., Finkelstein, S.H., Kliger, A.S., et al. (2003) Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Diagnosed with Clinical Depression: Results of Pharmacologic Therapy. Seminars in Dialysis, 16, 424-427.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-139X.2003.16094.x

[14] Watnick, S., Kirwin, P., Mahnensmith, R. and Concato, J. (2003) The Prevalence and Treatment of Depression among Patients Starting Dialysis. American Journal of Kidney Disease, 41, 105-110.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ajkd.2003.50029

[15] Israel, M. (1986) Depression in Dialysis Patients: A Review of Psychological Factors. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 31, 445-451.

[16] Wuerth, D., Finkelstein, S.H. and Finkelstein, F.O. (2005) The Identification and Treatment of Depression in Patients Maintained on Dialysis. Seminars in Dialysis, 18, 142-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-139X.2005.18213.x

[17] Hedayati, S.S., Minhajuddin, A.T. and Toto, R.D. (2009) Prevalence of Major Depressive Episode in CKD. American Journal of Kidney Disease, 54, 424-432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.03.017

[18] Palmer, S.C., Vecchio, M., Craig, J.C., et al. (2013) Association between Depression and Death in People with CKD: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. American Journal of Kidney Disease, 62, 493-505.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.02.369