The EEG Analysis of Auditory Emotional Stimuli Perception in TBI Patients with Different SCG Score
Affiliation(s)
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Science (IHNA), Moscow, Russia.
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Science (IHNA), Moscow, Russia.
ABSTRACT
The electroencephalographic research has focused on the variety of responses to emotional auditory stimulation in patients at different stages after craniocerebral trauma. The patients sampling consisted of three groups: 13 comatose patients, 14 severe TBI patients, 12 moderate TBI patients, the control group consisting of the 28 healthy adults. The subjects were stimulated with auditory stimuli containing significant sounds (coughing, laughing, crying, bird singing, barking, scraping) and control sounds (white noise). We have analyzed statistically significant differences of power of the rhythmic activity registered during the presentation of different types of stimuli using Matlab. The t-test differences for each type of stimuli and the background were calculated as well as major ANOVA-effects. The results showed that EEG-response was based on the emotional stimuli valence, the consciousness levels, the severity of injury and the recovery process. The TBI patients showed lower theta-rhythm power in the frontal areas in response to the all emotional stimuli. The alpha-activity was reduced in the TBI patients: the alpha-rhythm depression was most vividly pronounced in the control group. The alpha-rhythm acceleration in the occipital areas was found only in the moderate TBI patients and only to the emotional stimuli. The severe TBI and comatose patients showed lower response rates to the neutral stimuli and higher response rates to the unpleasant physiological stimuli.
The electroencephalographic research has focused on the variety of responses to emotional auditory stimulation in patients at different stages after craniocerebral trauma. The patients sampling consisted of three groups: 13 comatose patients, 14 severe TBI patients, 12 moderate TBI patients, the control group consisting of the 28 healthy adults. The subjects were stimulated with auditory stimuli containing significant sounds (coughing, laughing, crying, bird singing, barking, scraping) and control sounds (white noise). We have analyzed statistically significant differences of power of the rhythmic activity registered during the presentation of different types of stimuli using Matlab. The t-test differences for each type of stimuli and the background were calculated as well as major ANOVA-effects. The results showed that EEG-response was based on the emotional stimuli valence, the consciousness levels, the severity of injury and the recovery process. The TBI patients showed lower theta-rhythm power in the frontal areas in response to the all emotional stimuli. The alpha-activity was reduced in the TBI patients: the alpha-rhythm depression was most vividly pronounced in the control group. The alpha-rhythm acceleration in the occipital areas was found only in the moderate TBI patients and only to the emotional stimuli. The severe TBI and comatose patients showed lower response rates to the neutral stimuli and higher response rates to the unpleasant physiological stimuli.
Cite this paper
Portnova G., Gladun K., Ivanitskii A.(2014) The EEG Analysis of Auditory Emotional Stimuli Perception in TBI Patients with Different SCG Score. Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery, 4, 81-96. doi: 10.4236/ojmn.2014.42017.
Portnova G., Gladun K., Ivanitskii A.(2014) The EEG Analysis of Auditory Emotional Stimuli Perception in TBI Patients with Different SCG Score. Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery, 4, 81-96. doi: 10.4236/ojmn.2014.42017.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.05.001 [2] Munari, C. and Calbucci, F. (1981) Correlations between Intracranial Pressure and EEG during Coma and Sleep. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 51, 170-176.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(81)90006-7 [3] Jennet, B. (2002) The Definition, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Pathology of This State Are Discussed, Together with the Legal Implications. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 73, 355-357. [4] Brenner, R.P. (2005) The Interpretation of the EEG in Stupor And Coma. Neurologist, 11, 271-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nrl.0000178756.44055.f6 [5] Niedermeyer, E. and DaSilva, F.L. (2004) Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and Related Fields. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. [6] Young, G.B. (2000) The EEG in Coma. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 17, 473-485.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-200009000-00006 [7] Thatcher, R., Cantor, D., McCalaster, R., Geisler, F. and Krause, P. (1999) Comprehensive Predictions of Outcome in Closed Head-Injured Patients: The Development of Prognostic Equations. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 620, 82-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb51576.x [8] Amantini, A., Grippo, A., Fossi, S., Cesaretti, C., Piccioli, A., Peris, A., et al. (2005) Prediction of “Awakening” and Outcome in Prolonged Acute Coma from Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Evidence for Validity of Short Latency SEPs. Clinical Neurophysiology, 116, 229-235.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2004.07.008 [9] Fischer, C., Luaute, J., Nemoz, C., Morlet, D., Kirkorian, G. and Mauguiere, F. (2006) Improved Prediction of Awakening or Nonawakening from Severe Anoxic Coma Using Tree-Based Classification Analysis. Critical Care Medicine, 34, 1520-1524.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000215823.36344.99 [10] Korn, A., Golan, H., Melamed, I., Pascual-Marqui, R. and Friedman, A. (2005) Focal Cortical Dysfunction and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Patients with Post-Concussion Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 22, 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.WNP.0000150973.24324.A7 [11] Boldyreva, G.N., Zhavoronkova, L.A., Sharova, E.V., Dobronravova, I.S. (2003) Intercentral EEG Relationships as a Reflection of Normal and Pathologic State of the Human Brain. Journal of Higher Nervous Activity, 53, 391-401. [12] Grindel, O.M. and Sharova, E.V. (2001) EEG at a Craniocerebral Trauma/in Book. Neurophysiological Researches in Clinic. Antidor, Moscow, 78-86. [13] Gnezditsky, V.V. (2004) EEG back-Tasts and Clinical Electroencephalography (Mapping and Localization of Sources of Electric Activity of a Brain). Medical Press, 421-424. [14] Nuwer, M.R., Hovda, D.A., Schrader, L.M. and Vespa, P.M. (2005) Routine and Quantitative EEG in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Clinical Neurophysiology, 116, 2001-2025.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2005.05.008 [15] Starr, A. and Achor, L.J. (1975) Auditory Brainstem Responses in Neurological Disease. Archives of Neurology, 32, 761-768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1975.00490530083009 [16] Sutter, R. and Kaplan, P.W. (2012) Electroencephalographic Patterns in Coma: When Thingns Slow Down. Epileptologie, 29, 201-209. [17] Bornhofen, C. and Mcdonald, S. (2008) Treating Deficits in Emotion Perception Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 18, 22-44. [18] Cicerone, K.D., Dahlberg, C., Malec, J.F., Langenbahn, D.M., Felicetti, T., Kneipp S., Ellmo, W., Kalmar, K., Giacino, J.T., Harley, J.P., Laatsch, L., Morse, P.A., Catanese and J.J. (2005) Evidence-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation: Updated Review of the Literature from 1998 through 2002. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86, 1681-1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.03.024 [19] Dubikaytis, Yu.V. and Polyakova, V.B. (1988) EEG-Criteria of Forecasting of a Current and Outcome of a Heavy Craniocereberal Trauma: Methodical Recommendations. [20] Bekkedal, M.Y., Rossi 3rd, J. and Panksepp, J. (2011) Human Brain EEG Indices of Emotions: Delineating Responses to Affective Vocalizations by Measuring Frontal Theta Event-Related Synchronization. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 1959-1970. [21] Plum, F. and Posner, J. (1980) Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma. 3rd Edition, Davis Co., Philadelphia. [22] Sammler, D., Grigutsch, M., Fritz, T., Koelsch, S. (2007) Music and Emotion: Electrophysiological Correlates of the Processing of Pleasant and Unpleasant Music. Psychophysiology, 44, 293-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00497.x [23] Ayers, M.E. (1987) Electroencephalographic Neurofeedback and Closed Head Injury of 250 Individuals. National Head Injury Foundation, 380-392. [24] Roche, R.A., Dockree, P.M., Garavan, H., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H. and O’Mara, S.M. (2004) EEG Alpha Power Changes Reflect Response Inhibition Deficits after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in Humans. Neuroscience Letters, 362, 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2003.11.064 [25] Lopes da Silva, F.H., Vos, J.E., Mooibroek, H. and Van Rotterdam, A. (1980) Relative Contributions of Intracortical and Thalamo-Cortical Processes in the Generation of Alpha Rhythms, Revealed by Partial Coherence Analysis. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 50, 449-456.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(80)90011-5 [26] Tebano, M.T., Cameroni, M., Gallozzi, G., Loizzo, A., Palazzino, G., Pezzini, G. and Ricci, G.F. (1988) EEG Spectral Analysis after Minor Head Injury in Man. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 70, 185-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(88)90118-6 [27] Sander, A.M. (2002) Picking up the Pieces after TBI: A Guide for Family Members. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston. [28] Wood, R.L.L. and Williams, C. (2008) Inability to Empathize Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 14, 289-296.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355617708080326 [29] Wood, R.L.L. and Williams, C. (2010) Impairment in the Recognition of Emotion across Different Media Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Claire Williams. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 32, 113-122.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13803390902806543
[1] Bekkedal, M.Y.V., Rossi III, J. and Panksepp, J. (2011) Human Brain EEG Indices of Emotions: Delineating Responses to Affective Vocalizations by Measuring Frontal Theta Event-Related Synchronization. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 1959-1970.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.05.001 [2] Munari, C. and Calbucci, F. (1981) Correlations between Intracranial Pressure and EEG during Coma and Sleep. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 51, 170-176.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(81)90006-7 [3] Jennet, B. (2002) The Definition, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Pathology of This State Are Discussed, Together with the Legal Implications. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 73, 355-357. [4] Brenner, R.P. (2005) The Interpretation of the EEG in Stupor And Coma. Neurologist, 11, 271-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nrl.0000178756.44055.f6 [5] Niedermeyer, E. and DaSilva, F.L. (2004) Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and Related Fields. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. [6] Young, G.B. (2000) The EEG in Coma. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 17, 473-485.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-200009000-00006 [7] Thatcher, R., Cantor, D., McCalaster, R., Geisler, F. and Krause, P. (1999) Comprehensive Predictions of Outcome in Closed Head-Injured Patients: The Development of Prognostic Equations. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 620, 82-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb51576.x [8] Amantini, A., Grippo, A., Fossi, S., Cesaretti, C., Piccioli, A., Peris, A., et al. (2005) Prediction of “Awakening” and Outcome in Prolonged Acute Coma from Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Evidence for Validity of Short Latency SEPs. Clinical Neurophysiology, 116, 229-235.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2004.07.008 [9] Fischer, C., Luaute, J., Nemoz, C., Morlet, D., Kirkorian, G. and Mauguiere, F. (2006) Improved Prediction of Awakening or Nonawakening from Severe Anoxic Coma Using Tree-Based Classification Analysis. Critical Care Medicine, 34, 1520-1524.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000215823.36344.99 [10] Korn, A., Golan, H., Melamed, I., Pascual-Marqui, R. and Friedman, A. (2005) Focal Cortical Dysfunction and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Patients with Post-Concussion Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 22, 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.WNP.0000150973.24324.A7 [11] Boldyreva, G.N., Zhavoronkova, L.A., Sharova, E.V., Dobronravova, I.S. (2003) Intercentral EEG Relationships as a Reflection of Normal and Pathologic State of the Human Brain. Journal of Higher Nervous Activity, 53, 391-401. [12] Grindel, O.M. and Sharova, E.V. (2001) EEG at a Craniocerebral Trauma/in Book. Neurophysiological Researches in Clinic. Antidor, Moscow, 78-86. [13] Gnezditsky, V.V. (2004) EEG back-Tasts and Clinical Electroencephalography (Mapping and Localization of Sources of Electric Activity of a Brain). Medical Press, 421-424. [14] Nuwer, M.R., Hovda, D.A., Schrader, L.M. and Vespa, P.M. (2005) Routine and Quantitative EEG in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Clinical Neurophysiology, 116, 2001-2025.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2005.05.008 [15] Starr, A. and Achor, L.J. (1975) Auditory Brainstem Responses in Neurological Disease. Archives of Neurology, 32, 761-768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1975.00490530083009 [16] Sutter, R. and Kaplan, P.W. (2012) Electroencephalographic Patterns in Coma: When Thingns Slow Down. Epileptologie, 29, 201-209. [17] Bornhofen, C. and Mcdonald, S. (2008) Treating Deficits in Emotion Perception Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 18, 22-44. [18] Cicerone, K.D., Dahlberg, C., Malec, J.F., Langenbahn, D.M., Felicetti, T., Kneipp S., Ellmo, W., Kalmar, K., Giacino, J.T., Harley, J.P., Laatsch, L., Morse, P.A., Catanese and J.J. (2005) Evidence-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation: Updated Review of the Literature from 1998 through 2002. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86, 1681-1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.03.024 [19] Dubikaytis, Yu.V. and Polyakova, V.B. (1988) EEG-Criteria of Forecasting of a Current and Outcome of a Heavy Craniocereberal Trauma: Methodical Recommendations. [20] Bekkedal, M.Y., Rossi 3rd, J. and Panksepp, J. (2011) Human Brain EEG Indices of Emotions: Delineating Responses to Affective Vocalizations by Measuring Frontal Theta Event-Related Synchronization. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 1959-1970. [21] Plum, F. and Posner, J. (1980) Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma. 3rd Edition, Davis Co., Philadelphia. [22] Sammler, D., Grigutsch, M., Fritz, T., Koelsch, S. (2007) Music and Emotion: Electrophysiological Correlates of the Processing of Pleasant and Unpleasant Music. Psychophysiology, 44, 293-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00497.x [23] Ayers, M.E. (1987) Electroencephalographic Neurofeedback and Closed Head Injury of 250 Individuals. National Head Injury Foundation, 380-392. [24] Roche, R.A., Dockree, P.M., Garavan, H., Foxe, J.J., Robertson, I.H. and O’Mara, S.M. (2004) EEG Alpha Power Changes Reflect Response Inhibition Deficits after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in Humans. Neuroscience Letters, 362, 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2003.11.064 [25] Lopes da Silva, F.H., Vos, J.E., Mooibroek, H. and Van Rotterdam, A. (1980) Relative Contributions of Intracortical and Thalamo-Cortical Processes in the Generation of Alpha Rhythms, Revealed by Partial Coherence Analysis. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 50, 449-456.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(80)90011-5 [26] Tebano, M.T., Cameroni, M., Gallozzi, G., Loizzo, A., Palazzino, G., Pezzini, G. and Ricci, G.F. (1988) EEG Spectral Analysis after Minor Head Injury in Man. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 70, 185-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(88)90118-6 [27] Sander, A.M. (2002) Picking up the Pieces after TBI: A Guide for Family Members. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston. [28] Wood, R.L.L. and Williams, C. (2008) Inability to Empathize Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 14, 289-296.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355617708080326 [29] Wood, R.L.L. and Williams, C. (2010) Impairment in the Recognition of Emotion across Different Media Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Claire Williams. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 32, 113-122.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13803390902806543