Studies on Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Organic Nonlinear Optical p-Toluidine p-Toluenesulfonate Single Crystal
Affiliation(s)
Department of Physics, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chembarambakkam, Chennai, India. Department of Physics, Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai, India.
Department of Physics, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chembarambakkam, Chennai, India. Department of Physics, Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai, India.
ABSTRACT
The optically transparent and bulk single crystal of p-Toluidine p-Toluenesulfonate (PTPT) was grown by slow evaporation technique. The lattice parameters and crystallinity of the grown crystal were estimated by single crystal XRD. The optical absorption of the crystal was recorded using the UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The optical bandgap and optical constants of the material were determined by using absorption spectrum. The refractive index of the grown crystal has been determined using the Brewster angle method. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were measured as a function of frequency and temperature for the grown crystal. Nonlinear optical properties were performed to confirm the SHG efficiency of the grown crystal. Hence, PTPT is an excellent NLO material with enhanced SHG efficiency required for important applications in the field of optoelectronic and photonics. This material exhibits NLO behaviour remarkably due to its better optical and dielectric properties.
The optically transparent and bulk single crystal of p-Toluidine p-Toluenesulfonate (PTPT) was grown by slow evaporation technique. The lattice parameters and crystallinity of the grown crystal were estimated by single crystal XRD. The optical absorption of the crystal was recorded using the UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The optical bandgap and optical constants of the material were determined by using absorption spectrum. The refractive index of the grown crystal has been determined using the Brewster angle method. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were measured as a function of frequency and temperature for the grown crystal. Nonlinear optical properties were performed to confirm the SHG efficiency of the grown crystal. Hence, PTPT is an excellent NLO material with enhanced SHG efficiency required for important applications in the field of optoelectronic and photonics. This material exhibits NLO behaviour remarkably due to its better optical and dielectric properties.
KEYWORDS
Single X-Ray Diffraction, UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer, NLO, SHG, Dielectric Constant, Dielectric Loss Studies
Single X-Ray Diffraction, UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer, NLO, SHG, Dielectric Constant, Dielectric Loss Studies
Cite this paper
Sagadevan, S. and Murugasen, P. (2014) Studies on Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Organic Nonlinear Optical p-Toluidine p-Toluenesulfonate Single Crystal. Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology, 4, 99-110. doi: 10.4236/jcpt.2014.42013.
Sagadevan, S. and Murugasen, P. (2014) Studies on Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Organic Nonlinear Optical p-Toluidine p-Toluenesulfonate Single Crystal. Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology, 4, 99-110. doi: 10.4236/jcpt.2014.42013.
References
[1] Prasad, P.N. and Williams, D.J. (1991) Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers. John Wiley & Sons, New York. [2] Munn, R.W. and Ironside, C.N. (1993) Principles and Applications of Nonlinear Optical Materials. Chapman and Hall, London. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2158-3 [3] Bardan, J., Hierle, R., Perigaud, A., Zyss, J. and Williams, D.J. (1993) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Polymeric Materials, Vol. 223 of ACS Series. American Chemical Society, Washington. [4] Xu, R.J. (2010) 4-Methoxyanilinium Iodide. Acta Crystallographica E, 66, Article ID: o1794. [5] Gupta, V. and Mansingh, A. (1996) Influence of Post Deposition Annealing on the Structural and Optical Properties of Sputtered Zinc Oxide Film. Journal of Applied Physics, 80, 1063-1073.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362842 [6] Gaffar, M.A., Abu El-Fadl, A. and Bin Anooz, S., (2003) Influence of Strontium Doping on the Indirect Band Gap and Optical Constants of Ammonium Zinc Chloride Crystals. Physica B, 327, 43-54.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4526(02)01700-3 [7] Taber, D. (1951) The Hardness of Materials. Clarendon Press, Oxford. [8] Pethica, J.B. and Taber, D. (1979) Contact of Characterized Metal Surface at Very Low Loads: Deformation and Adhesion. Surface Science, 89, 182-190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(79)90606-X [9] Smith, R.L. and Sandland, G.E. (1923) An Accurate Method of Determining the Hardness of Metals with Reference to those of a High Degree of Hardness. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1, 623-641. [10] Batta Calleja, F.J., Rueda, D.R., Poster, R.S. and Mead, W.T. (1980) New Aspects of the Microhardness of Ultra Oriented Polyethiline. J. Master Science, 15, 762-765. [11] Matthias, B.T. and Remeika, J.P. (1951) Dielectric Properties of Sodium and Potassium Niobate. Physical Review, 82, 727-729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.82.727 [12] Triebwasser, S. (1959) Study of Ferroelectric Transitions of Solid-Solution Single Crystals of KNbO3-KTaO3. Physical Review, 114, 63-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.114.63 [13] Govinda, S. and Rao, K.V. (1975) Dielectric Properties of Single Crystals of Al2O3 and Al2O3 Doped with Chromium and Vanadium. Physica Status Solidi (A), 27, 639-644.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210270237 [14] Smyth, C.P. (1965) Dielectric Behavior and Structure. McGraw-Hill, New York. [15] Balarew, C. and Duhlew, R. (1984) Application of the Hard and Soft Acids and Bases Concept to Explain Ligand Coordination in Double Salt Structures. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 55, 1-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(84)90240-8
[1] Prasad, P.N. and Williams, D.J. (1991) Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers. John Wiley & Sons, New York. [2] Munn, R.W. and Ironside, C.N. (1993) Principles and Applications of Nonlinear Optical Materials. Chapman and Hall, London. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2158-3 [3] Bardan, J., Hierle, R., Perigaud, A., Zyss, J. and Williams, D.J. (1993) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Polymeric Materials, Vol. 223 of ACS Series. American Chemical Society, Washington. [4] Xu, R.J. (2010) 4-Methoxyanilinium Iodide. Acta Crystallographica E, 66, Article ID: o1794. [5] Gupta, V. and Mansingh, A. (1996) Influence of Post Deposition Annealing on the Structural and Optical Properties of Sputtered Zinc Oxide Film. Journal of Applied Physics, 80, 1063-1073.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362842 [6] Gaffar, M.A., Abu El-Fadl, A. and Bin Anooz, S., (2003) Influence of Strontium Doping on the Indirect Band Gap and Optical Constants of Ammonium Zinc Chloride Crystals. Physica B, 327, 43-54.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4526(02)01700-3 [7] Taber, D. (1951) The Hardness of Materials. Clarendon Press, Oxford. [8] Pethica, J.B. and Taber, D. (1979) Contact of Characterized Metal Surface at Very Low Loads: Deformation and Adhesion. Surface Science, 89, 182-190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(79)90606-X [9] Smith, R.L. and Sandland, G.E. (1923) An Accurate Method of Determining the Hardness of Metals with Reference to those of a High Degree of Hardness. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1, 623-641. [10] Batta Calleja, F.J., Rueda, D.R., Poster, R.S. and Mead, W.T. (1980) New Aspects of the Microhardness of Ultra Oriented Polyethiline. J. Master Science, 15, 762-765. [11] Matthias, B.T. and Remeika, J.P. (1951) Dielectric Properties of Sodium and Potassium Niobate. Physical Review, 82, 727-729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.82.727 [12] Triebwasser, S. (1959) Study of Ferroelectric Transitions of Solid-Solution Single Crystals of KNbO3-KTaO3. Physical Review, 114, 63-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.114.63 [13] Govinda, S. and Rao, K.V. (1975) Dielectric Properties of Single Crystals of Al2O3 and Al2O3 Doped with Chromium and Vanadium. Physica Status Solidi (A), 27, 639-644.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210270237 [14] Smyth, C.P. (1965) Dielectric Behavior and Structure. McGraw-Hill, New York. [15] Balarew, C. and Duhlew, R. (1984) Application of the Hard and Soft Acids and Bases Concept to Explain Ligand Coordination in Double Salt Structures. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 55, 1-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(84)90240-8