Binary Mixture of Tri-Octyl Amine and Cyanex 923 as Extractant for the Extraction of Zr (IV) from Acidic Chloride Medium
Affiliation(s)
Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
ABSTRACT
The extraction of zirconium (IV) from aqueous HCl solution by binary mixture TOA and Cyanex 923 using kerosene as diluent was studied. The effect of parameters like aqueous phase acid concentration, extractant concentration, chloride ion concentration, diverse ion effect, metal loading, nature of diluents and temperature on the extraction of Zr (IV) was investigated. The percentage of extraction of Zr(IV) became 100% with 0.1 M TOA and 0.01 M Cyanex 923 from 7 M HCl and also from 4 M HCl with 0.1 M TOA and 0.02 M Cyanex 923. Benzene was found to be effective diluent for the extraction of Zr(IV) with binary mixture of TOA and Cyanex 923. The positive enthalpy change and positive entropy change in the binary extraction system show endothermic process with increase in randomness. Stripping of Zr (IV) from the loaded organic phase containing mixture of TOA (0.1 M) and Cyanex 923 (0.01 M) indicated that HNO3 and Na2CO3 are the best stripping agents.
Cite this paper
Bhatta, B. and Mishra, S. (2014) Binary Mixture of Tri-Octyl Amine and Cyanex 923 as Extractant for the Extraction of Zr (IV) from Acidic Chloride Medium. International Journal of Nonferrous Metallurgy, 3, 9-17. doi: 10.4236/ijnm.2014.32002.
Bhatta, B. and Mishra, S. (2014) Binary Mixture of Tri-Octyl Amine and Cyanex 923 as Extractant for the Extraction of Zr (IV) from Acidic Chloride Medium. International Journal of Nonferrous Metallurgy, 3, 9-17. doi: 10.4236/ijnm.2014.32002.
References
[1] Kirk-Othmer (2001) Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 621-663. [2] Das, N.R. and Lahiri, S. (1994) Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Trace Level Zirconium and Hafnium with Trioctylamine. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 181, 157-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037556 [3] Cerrai, E. and Testa, C. (1959) Extraction and Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium by Means of Liquid Anionic Exchangers in a Hydrochloric Acid Medium. I. Behavior of Some Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amines. Energy and Nuclear, 6, 707-716. [4] El-Yamani, I.S., Farah, M.Y. and Abd El-Aleim, F.A. (1978) Studies on Extraction of Zirconium by Quaternary Ammonium Halides from Hydrochloric Acid Media and Its Separation from Hafnium. Talanta, 25, 714-716.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(78)80183-0 [5] Karve, M.A. and Khopkar, S.M. (1992) Application of Liquid Anion Exchangers for the Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium. Analytical Sciences, 8, 237-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.8.237 [6] Poriel, L., Favre-Reguillon, A., Pellet-Rostaing, M.S.L. (2006) Zirconium and Hafnium Separation, Part 1. Liquid/Liquid Extraction in Hydrochloric Acid Aqueous Solution with Aliquat 336. Separation Science and Technology, 41, 1927-1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496390600725802 [7] Abdel-Fattah, A.A., Ali, S.M. and EI-Sweify, F.H. (2002) Thermodynamics of the Solvent Extraction of Zr(IV) by Amberlite LA-2,TBP and HDEHP from Different Aqueous Media. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 253, 465-475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020433906562 [8] Reddy, B.R., Kumar, J.R., Reddy, A.V. and Priya, D.N. (2004) Solvent Extraction of Zirconium (IV) from Acidic Chloride Solutions Using 2-Ethyl Hexyl Phosphonic Acid Mono-2-Ethyl Hexyl Ester (PC-88A). Hydrometallurgy, 72, 303-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2003.07.002 [9] Reddy, B.R., Kumar, J.R. and Reddy, A.V. (2004) Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Tetravalent Zirconium from Acidic Chloride Solutions Using Cyanex 272. Analytical Sciences, 20, 501-505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.20.501 [10] Pershina, V., Trubert, D., Naour, C.L. and Kratz, J.V. (2002) Theoretical Predictions of Hydrolysis and Complex Formation of Group-4 Elements Zr, Hf and Rf in HF and HCl Solutions. Radiochim Acta, 90, 869-877.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ract.2002.90.12_2002.869 [11] Lee, H.Y., Kim, S.G. and Oh, J.K. (2004) Stoichiometric Relation for Extraction of Zirconium and Hafnium from Acidic Chloride Solutions with Versatic Acid 10. Hydrometallurgy, 73, 91-97.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2003.08.004 [12] Chang, C.C., Chiu, T.M., Hoh, Y.C. and Wang, W.K. (1986) Separation of Iron from Zirconium in Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid Solutions by Solvent Extraction. Hydrometallurgy, 17, 1-13.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-386X(86)90016-2 [13] Blake, C.A., et al. (1958) Solvent Extraction of Uranium and Other Metals by Acidic and Neutral Organophosphorus Compounds. Proceedings of the 2nd United Nations International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, 1-13 September 1958, 289-298. [14] Mathur, J.N. (1983) Synergism of Trivalent Actinides and Lanthanides. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange Spectrochim, 1, 349-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366298308918406 [15] Banerjee, S. and Basu, S. (2004) Synergistic Effect of Neutral Donors on the Extraction of Zirconium (IV) by Salicylaldoxime in Dichloromethane. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 262, 733-737.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-004-0501-z [16] Biswas, S. and Basu, S. (1999) Extraction of Zirconium (IV) from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions by Tri-Octylamine and Neutral Donors. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 242, 253-258.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02345549 [17] Reddy, A.S. and Reddy, B.R. (1978) Synergistic Solvent Extraction of Zirconium (IV) Effect of Di-n-pentyl Sulfoxide on the Kinetic Extraction of Zr(IV) with 2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone. Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry, 47, 77-82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02517156 [18] Mishra, P.K., Chakravortty, V., Dash, K.C. and Bhattacharyya, S.N. (1992) Extraction and Separation of Zirconium, Niobium, and Hafnium by Aliquat 336 and Its Mixtures with Tri-n-octyl phosphine Oxide (TOPO) from Acidic Thiocyanate Media. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 162, 289-298.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02035390 [19] Taghizadeh, M., Ghandhi, M. and Zolfonoun, E. (2011) Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium by Solvent Extraction Using Mixture of TBP and Cyanex 923. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 412, 334-337.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.03.033 [20] Bhatta, B.C., Panda, N. and Mishra, S. (2013) Liquid Liquid Extraction of Zr(IV) from Hydrochloric Acid Using TOA and Cyanex 921 in Kerosene. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 20, 823-828.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0802-8
[1] Kirk-Othmer (2001) Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 621-663. [2] Das, N.R. and Lahiri, S. (1994) Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Trace Level Zirconium and Hafnium with Trioctylamine. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 181, 157-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037556 [3] Cerrai, E. and Testa, C. (1959) Extraction and Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium by Means of Liquid Anionic Exchangers in a Hydrochloric Acid Medium. I. Behavior of Some Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amines. Energy and Nuclear, 6, 707-716. [4] El-Yamani, I.S., Farah, M.Y. and Abd El-Aleim, F.A. (1978) Studies on Extraction of Zirconium by Quaternary Ammonium Halides from Hydrochloric Acid Media and Its Separation from Hafnium. Talanta, 25, 714-716.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(78)80183-0 [5] Karve, M.A. and Khopkar, S.M. (1992) Application of Liquid Anion Exchangers for the Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium. Analytical Sciences, 8, 237-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.8.237 [6] Poriel, L., Favre-Reguillon, A., Pellet-Rostaing, M.S.L. (2006) Zirconium and Hafnium Separation, Part 1. Liquid/Liquid Extraction in Hydrochloric Acid Aqueous Solution with Aliquat 336. Separation Science and Technology, 41, 1927-1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496390600725802 [7] Abdel-Fattah, A.A., Ali, S.M. and EI-Sweify, F.H. (2002) Thermodynamics of the Solvent Extraction of Zr(IV) by Amberlite LA-2,TBP and HDEHP from Different Aqueous Media. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 253, 465-475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020433906562 [8] Reddy, B.R., Kumar, J.R., Reddy, A.V. and Priya, D.N. (2004) Solvent Extraction of Zirconium (IV) from Acidic Chloride Solutions Using 2-Ethyl Hexyl Phosphonic Acid Mono-2-Ethyl Hexyl Ester (PC-88A). Hydrometallurgy, 72, 303-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2003.07.002 [9] Reddy, B.R., Kumar, J.R. and Reddy, A.V. (2004) Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Tetravalent Zirconium from Acidic Chloride Solutions Using Cyanex 272. Analytical Sciences, 20, 501-505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.20.501 [10] Pershina, V., Trubert, D., Naour, C.L. and Kratz, J.V. (2002) Theoretical Predictions of Hydrolysis and Complex Formation of Group-4 Elements Zr, Hf and Rf in HF and HCl Solutions. Radiochim Acta, 90, 869-877.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ract.2002.90.12_2002.869 [11] Lee, H.Y., Kim, S.G. and Oh, J.K. (2004) Stoichiometric Relation for Extraction of Zirconium and Hafnium from Acidic Chloride Solutions with Versatic Acid 10. Hydrometallurgy, 73, 91-97.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2003.08.004 [12] Chang, C.C., Chiu, T.M., Hoh, Y.C. and Wang, W.K. (1986) Separation of Iron from Zirconium in Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid Solutions by Solvent Extraction. Hydrometallurgy, 17, 1-13.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-386X(86)90016-2 [13] Blake, C.A., et al. (1958) Solvent Extraction of Uranium and Other Metals by Acidic and Neutral Organophosphorus Compounds. Proceedings of the 2nd United Nations International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, 1-13 September 1958, 289-298. [14] Mathur, J.N. (1983) Synergism of Trivalent Actinides and Lanthanides. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange Spectrochim, 1, 349-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366298308918406 [15] Banerjee, S. and Basu, S. (2004) Synergistic Effect of Neutral Donors on the Extraction of Zirconium (IV) by Salicylaldoxime in Dichloromethane. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 262, 733-737.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-004-0501-z [16] Biswas, S. and Basu, S. (1999) Extraction of Zirconium (IV) from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions by Tri-Octylamine and Neutral Donors. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 242, 253-258.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02345549 [17] Reddy, A.S. and Reddy, B.R. (1978) Synergistic Solvent Extraction of Zirconium (IV) Effect of Di-n-pentyl Sulfoxide on the Kinetic Extraction of Zr(IV) with 2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone. Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry, 47, 77-82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02517156 [18] Mishra, P.K., Chakravortty, V., Dash, K.C. and Bhattacharyya, S.N. (1992) Extraction and Separation of Zirconium, Niobium, and Hafnium by Aliquat 336 and Its Mixtures with Tri-n-octyl phosphine Oxide (TOPO) from Acidic Thiocyanate Media. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 162, 289-298.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02035390 [19] Taghizadeh, M., Ghandhi, M. and Zolfonoun, E. (2011) Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium by Solvent Extraction Using Mixture of TBP and Cyanex 923. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 412, 334-337.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.03.033 [20] Bhatta, B.C., Panda, N. and Mishra, S. (2013) Liquid Liquid Extraction of Zr(IV) from Hydrochloric Acid Using TOA and Cyanex 921 in Kerosene. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 20, 823-828.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0802-8