On the Heisenberg and Schrödinger Pictures

Shigeji  Fujita; James  MacNabb III; Akira  Suzuki

doi:10.4236/jmp.2014.55027

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JMP Vol.5 No.5 , March 2014

On the Heisenberg and Schrödinger Pictures

Shigeji Fujita, James MacNabb III, Akira Suzuki^*

Abstract: A quantum theory for a one-electron system can be developed in either Heisenberg picture or Schrodinger picture. For a many-electron system, a theory must be developed in the Heisenberg picture, and the indistinguishability and Pauli’s exclusion principle must be incorporated. The hydrogen atom energy levels are obtained by solving the Schrodinger energy eigenvalue equation, which is the most significant result obtained in the Schrodinger picture. Both boson and fermion field equations are nonlinear in the presence of a pair interaction.

Keywords: Heisenberg and Schrödingier Pictures; Many-Particle Systems; Indistinguishability; Second Quantization; Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

Cite this paper: How to cite this paper: Fujita, S., MacNabb III, J. and Suzuki, A. (2014) On the Heisenberg and Schrödinger Pictures. Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 171-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2014.55027

References

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[2] Debye, P. (1972) Annalen der Physik, 39, 789-839.

[3] Ginzburg, V.L. and Landau, L.D. (1950) Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 20, 1064-1082. [English translation in: L. D. Landau, “Collected papers,” Oxford: Pergamon Press (1965), 546.]