Gravitational Lensing Described by Its Electromagnetic Processes
Author(s)
Hans W. Giertz
ABSTRACT
In the present paper, gravitational lensing is described as the electromagnetic influence from gravity waves on light waves. Previous reports have described the dynamic electromagnetic processes of the atom, the photon and gravity. Results from these reports have been compiled into a theoretical model. The theoretical model describes the mechanism which results in gravitational lensing. The study also displays how the electromagnetic characteristics of gravity waves and light waves and the mechanism creating gravitational lensing are measured.
In the present paper, gravitational lensing is described as the electromagnetic influence from gravity waves on light waves. Previous reports have described the dynamic electromagnetic processes of the atom, the photon and gravity. Results from these reports have been compiled into a theoretical model. The theoretical model describes the mechanism which results in gravitational lensing. The study also displays how the electromagnetic characteristics of gravity waves and light waves and the mechanism creating gravitational lensing are measured.
Cite this paper
Giertz, H. (2014) Gravitational Lensing Described by Its Electromagnetic Processes. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 4, 294-300. doi: 10.4236/ijaa.2014.41024.
Giertz, H. (2014) Gravitational Lensing Described by Its Electromagnetic Processes. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 4, 294-300. doi: 10.4236/ijaa.2014.41024.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.52.1875 [19] Wynberg, H., Meijer, E.W., Hummelen, J.C., Dekkers, H.P.J.M., Schippers, P.H. and Carlson, A.D. (1980) Circular Polarization Observed in Bioluminescence. Nature, 286, 641-642.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/286641a0 [20] Kemp, J.C. and Wolstencroft, R.D. (1972) Interstellar Circular Polarization: Data for Six Stars and the Wavelength Dependence. Astrophysical Journal, 176, L115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/181036
[1] Giertz, H.W. (2013) Atoms Absorb Low Frequency Electromagnetic Energy. Open Journal of Microphysics, 3, 115-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojm.2013.34017 [2] Giertz, H.W. (2013) Gravity Caused by TEM Waves Operating on Dipoles in Atoms. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 3, 39-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2013.32A007 [3] Giertz, H.W. (2013) Photons are EM Energy Superpositioned on TEM Waves. Open Journal of Microphysics, 3, 71-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojm.2013.33013 [4] Giertz, H.W. (2010) Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Energy in the Air. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 72, 767-773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2010.03. 022 [5] Shapiro, S.L. and Teukolsky, S.A. (1983) Black Holes, White Dwarfs, and Neutron Stars: The Physics of Compact Objects. John Wiley and Sons, New York. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527617661 [6] Bozza, V. (2010) Gravitational Lensing by Black Holes. General Relativity and Gravitation, 42, 2269-2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10714-010-0988-2 [7] Blandford, R.D. Narayan, R. (1992) Cosmological applications of gravitational lensing. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 30, 311-358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.30.090192.00 1523 [8] Petters, A.O., Levine, H. and Wambsganss, J. (2001) Singularity Theory and Gravitational Lensing. Progress in Mathematical Physics, Birkh?user, Basel. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0145-8 [9] Melrose, D.B. and McPhedran, R.C. (1991) Electromagnetic Processes in Dispersive Media. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511600036 [10] Bleaney, B.I. and Bleaney, B. (1965) Electricity and Magnetism. Oxford University Press, Amen House, London. [11] Kneubühl, F.K. (1997) Oscillations and waves. Springer, Berlin. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03468-2 [12] Serway, R.A. and Jewett, J.W. (2005) Principles of Physics. 4th Edition, Cengage Learning, Stamford. [13] Ostrovsky, L.A. and Potapov, A.I. (2002) Modulated Waves: Theory and Application. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. [14] Terras, A. (1999) Fourier Analysis on Finite Groups and Applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [15] Alonso, M. and Finn, E.J. (1968) Fundamental University Physics Volume III: Quantum and Statistical Physics, Addison-Wesley. [16] Burgess, C. and Moore, G. (2007) The Standard Model: A Primer. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [17] Bialynicki-Birula, I. (1994) On the Wave Function of the Photon. Acta Physica Polonica A, 86, 97-116. [18] Sipe, J.E. (1995) Photon Wave Functions. Physical Review A, 52, 1875-1883.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.52.1875 [19] Wynberg, H., Meijer, E.W., Hummelen, J.C., Dekkers, H.P.J.M., Schippers, P.H. and Carlson, A.D. (1980) Circular Polarization Observed in Bioluminescence. Nature, 286, 641-642.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/286641a0 [20] Kemp, J.C. and Wolstencroft, R.D. (1972) Interstellar Circular Polarization: Data for Six Stars and the Wavelength Dependence. Astrophysical Journal, 176, L115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/181036