A Computer-Assisted Method for Depositional Model Determination
Affiliation(s)
Laboratoire de Mécanique et Modélisation, University of Thies, Thies, Senegal. Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. IFREMER, Department of Marine Geosciences, Brest, France.
Laboratoire de Mécanique et Modélisation, University of Thies, Thies, Senegal. Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. IFREMER, Department of Marine Geosciences, Brest, France.
ABSTRACT
A software has been developed to overcome the difficulties related to depositional model determination in Geosciences. The implemented methods, Walker, Harper and Turk methods, based on Markov process and Markov chain analysis, have been used in a case study. The results of the analysis are consistent with previous works. The analysis shows also that the results are accurate and do not rely on the used method. Therefore, the obtained depositional sequence is suitable to build a depositional model on which reliable sequence stratigraphic studies can be based.
Cite this paper
Ndiaye, M. , Davaud, E. and Jorry, S. (2014) A Computer-Assisted Method for Depositional Model Determination. International Journal of Geosciences, 5, 178-183. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2014.52019.
Ndiaye, M. , Davaud, E. and Jorry, S. (2014) A Computer-Assisted Method for Depositional Model Determination. International Journal of Geosciences, 5, 178-183. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2014.52019.
References
[1] P. Enos and E. Samankassou, “Lofer Cyclothems Revisited (Late Triassic, Northern Alps, Austria),” Facies, Vol. 38, No. 1, 1998, pp. 207-227.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02537366 [2] C. W. J. Harper, “Improved Methods of Facies Sequence Analysis, Facies Models: Response to Sea Level Change,” Geological Association of Canada, Reprint Series 1, 1984, pp. 11-13. [3] W. A. Read, “Analysis and Simulation of Namurian Sediments in Central Scotland Using a Markov-Process Model,” Mathematical Geology, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1969, pp. 199-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048562 [4] P. D. Gingerich, “Markov Analysis of Cyclic Alluvial Sediments,” Journal of Sedimentary Research, Vol. 39, No. 1, 1969, pp. 330-332.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/74D71C4E-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D [5] R. C. Selley, “Studies of Sequence in Sediments Using a Simple Mathematical Device,” Quarterly Journal, Vol. 125, 1969, pp. 557-581. [6] R. G. Walker, “Facies and Facies Models: General Introduction,” In W. R. G., Ed., Facies Models, Geological Association of Canada, Second Edition, 1979, pp. 1-7. [7] C. W. J. Harper, “Facies Model Revisited: An Examination of Quantitative Methods,” Geoscience Canada, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1984, pp. 203-207. [8] G. Turk, “Transition Analysis of Structural Sequences: Discussion,” Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 10, 1979, pp. 989-991.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1979)90<989:TAOSSD>2.0.CO;2 [9] T. R. Carr, “Log-Linear Models, Markov Chains and Cyclic Sedimentation,” Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 52, No. 3, 1982, pp. 905-912. [10] G. S. Weissmann and G. E. Fogg, “Multi-Scale Alluvial Fan Heterogeneity Modeled with Transition Probability Geostatistics in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 226, No. 1-2, 1999, pp. 48-65.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00160-2 [11] M. Fenerci-Massea, J. P. Massea and E. Pernarcic, “Quantitative Stratigraphy Next Term of Rudist Limestones and Its Bearing on Spatial Organisation of Rudist Communities: The Late Barremian, Urgonian, Sequences of Provence (S.E. France),” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 215, No. 3-4, 2005, pp. 265-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.09.008 [12] S. Jorry, E. Davaud and B. Caline, “Controls on the Distribution of Nummilite Facies: A Case Study from the Late Ypresian El Garia Formation (Kesra Plateau, Central Tunisia),” Journal of Petroleum Geology, Vol. 26, No. 3, 2003, pp. 283-306.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.2003.tb00031.x [13] S. Jorry, “The Eocene Nummulite Carbonates (Central Tunisia and NE Libya): Sedimentology, Depositional Environments and Application to Oil Reservoirs,” Terre & Environnement, Vol. 45, 2004, 230 p. [14] D. W. Powers and R. G. Easterling, “Improved Methodology for Using Embedded Markov Chains to Describe Cyclical Sediments,” Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 52, No. 3, 1982, pp. 913-923. [15] H. Xu and I. A. J. MacCarthy, “Markov Chain Analysis of Vertical Facies Sequences Using a Computer Software Package (SAVFS): Courtmacsherry Formation (Tournaisian), Southern Ireland,” Computers and Geosciences, Vol. 24, No. 2, 1998, pp. 131-139.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00086-1 [16] G. Turk, “Comment on ‘Markov Chain Analysis of Vertical Facies Sequences Using a Computer Software Package (SAVFS): Courtmacsherry Formation’ by H. Xu and I. A. J. MacCarthy,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 28, No. 3, 2002, pp. 427-429.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(02)00002-X [17] L. A. Goodman, “The Analysis of Cross-Classified Data: Independence, Quasi Independence and Interactions in Contingency Tables with or without Missing Entries,” Journal of The American Statistical Association, Vol. 63, No. 324, 1968, pp. 1091-1131. [18] A. R. H. Swan and M. Sandilands, “Introduction to Geological Data Analysis,” Blackwell Science, 1995, 446 p. [19] S. Holm, I. Isaksson and R. Stevens, “A Test of Independence for Stratigraphic Sequences with Respect to Embedded Markov Chains,” Mathematical Geology, Vol. 18, No. 6, 1986, pp. 551-561.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00914255 [20] D. Bradu and D. M. Hawkins, “Location of Multiple Outliers in Two-Way Tables, Using Tetrads,” Technometrics, Vol. 24, No. 2, 1982, pp. 103-108.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1982.10487730 [21] J. K. M. Brown, G. H. J. Kema, H.-R. Forrer, E. C. P. Verstappen, L. S. Arraiano, P. A. Brading, E. M. Foster, P. M. Fried and E. Jenny, “Resistance of Wheat Cultivars and Breeding Lines to Septoria Tritici Blotch Caused by Isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola in Field Trials,” Plant Pathology, Vol. 50, No. 3, 2001, pp. 325-338.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00565.x
[1] P. Enos and E. Samankassou, “Lofer Cyclothems Revisited (Late Triassic, Northern Alps, Austria),” Facies, Vol. 38, No. 1, 1998, pp. 207-227.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02537366 [2] C. W. J. Harper, “Improved Methods of Facies Sequence Analysis, Facies Models: Response to Sea Level Change,” Geological Association of Canada, Reprint Series 1, 1984, pp. 11-13. [3] W. A. Read, “Analysis and Simulation of Namurian Sediments in Central Scotland Using a Markov-Process Model,” Mathematical Geology, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1969, pp. 199-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048562 [4] P. D. Gingerich, “Markov Analysis of Cyclic Alluvial Sediments,” Journal of Sedimentary Research, Vol. 39, No. 1, 1969, pp. 330-332.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/74D71C4E-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D [5] R. C. Selley, “Studies of Sequence in Sediments Using a Simple Mathematical Device,” Quarterly Journal, Vol. 125, 1969, pp. 557-581. [6] R. G. Walker, “Facies and Facies Models: General Introduction,” In W. R. G., Ed., Facies Models, Geological Association of Canada, Second Edition, 1979, pp. 1-7. [7] C. W. J. Harper, “Facies Model Revisited: An Examination of Quantitative Methods,” Geoscience Canada, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1984, pp. 203-207. [8] G. Turk, “Transition Analysis of Structural Sequences: Discussion,” Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 10, 1979, pp. 989-991.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1979)90<989:TAOSSD>2.0.CO;2 [9] T. R. Carr, “Log-Linear Models, Markov Chains and Cyclic Sedimentation,” Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 52, No. 3, 1982, pp. 905-912. [10] G. S. Weissmann and G. E. Fogg, “Multi-Scale Alluvial Fan Heterogeneity Modeled with Transition Probability Geostatistics in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 226, No. 1-2, 1999, pp. 48-65.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00160-2 [11] M. Fenerci-Massea, J. P. Massea and E. Pernarcic, “Quantitative Stratigraphy Next Term of Rudist Limestones and Its Bearing on Spatial Organisation of Rudist Communities: The Late Barremian, Urgonian, Sequences of Provence (S.E. France),” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 215, No. 3-4, 2005, pp. 265-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.09.008 [12] S. Jorry, E. Davaud and B. Caline, “Controls on the Distribution of Nummilite Facies: A Case Study from the Late Ypresian El Garia Formation (Kesra Plateau, Central Tunisia),” Journal of Petroleum Geology, Vol. 26, No. 3, 2003, pp. 283-306.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.2003.tb00031.x [13] S. Jorry, “The Eocene Nummulite Carbonates (Central Tunisia and NE Libya): Sedimentology, Depositional Environments and Application to Oil Reservoirs,” Terre & Environnement, Vol. 45, 2004, 230 p. [14] D. W. Powers and R. G. Easterling, “Improved Methodology for Using Embedded Markov Chains to Describe Cyclical Sediments,” Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 52, No. 3, 1982, pp. 913-923. [15] H. Xu and I. A. J. MacCarthy, “Markov Chain Analysis of Vertical Facies Sequences Using a Computer Software Package (SAVFS): Courtmacsherry Formation (Tournaisian), Southern Ireland,” Computers and Geosciences, Vol. 24, No. 2, 1998, pp. 131-139.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00086-1 [16] G. Turk, “Comment on ‘Markov Chain Analysis of Vertical Facies Sequences Using a Computer Software Package (SAVFS): Courtmacsherry Formation’ by H. Xu and I. A. J. MacCarthy,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 28, No. 3, 2002, pp. 427-429.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(02)00002-X [17] L. A. Goodman, “The Analysis of Cross-Classified Data: Independence, Quasi Independence and Interactions in Contingency Tables with or without Missing Entries,” Journal of The American Statistical Association, Vol. 63, No. 324, 1968, pp. 1091-1131. [18] A. R. H. Swan and M. Sandilands, “Introduction to Geological Data Analysis,” Blackwell Science, 1995, 446 p. [19] S. Holm, I. Isaksson and R. Stevens, “A Test of Independence for Stratigraphic Sequences with Respect to Embedded Markov Chains,” Mathematical Geology, Vol. 18, No. 6, 1986, pp. 551-561.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00914255 [20] D. Bradu and D. M. Hawkins, “Location of Multiple Outliers in Two-Way Tables, Using Tetrads,” Technometrics, Vol. 24, No. 2, 1982, pp. 103-108.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1982.10487730 [21] J. K. M. Brown, G. H. J. Kema, H.-R. Forrer, E. C. P. Verstappen, L. S. Arraiano, P. A. Brading, E. M. Foster, P. M. Fried and E. Jenny, “Resistance of Wheat Cultivars and Breeding Lines to Septoria Tritici Blotch Caused by Isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola in Field Trials,” Plant Pathology, Vol. 50, No. 3, 2001, pp. 325-338.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00565.x