Corrosion aspect of dental implants—An overview and literature review
ABSTRACT
The use of metals and their alloys in restorative and implant dentistry dates back to centuries. Titanium (Ti) is one of the most widely used biomaterial for medical implants because of its excellent mechanical properties and exceptional biocompatibility. The good biocompatibility of Ti is related to the thin oxide layer formed on Ti surface. TiO2 is inactive with the surrounding biological environment and quite compatible with living tissues. However, TiO2 layer can be destroyed during movements between implant and bone tissue under loading condition. The localized destruction causes corrosion of the implant, thus, weakening it; and can induce the leak of small metallic particles or ions into living tissues. This article highlights a review of the various aspects of corrosion and biocompatibility of dental titanium implants as well as suprastructures, and the methods to prevent it.
Cite this paper
Agarwal, A. , Tyagi, A. , Ahuja, A. , Kumar, N. , De, N. and Bhutani, H. (2014) Corrosion aspect of dental implants—An overview and literature review. Open Journal of Stomatology, 4, 56-60. doi: 10.4236/ojst.2014.42010.
Agarwal, A. , Tyagi, A. , Ahuja, A. , Kumar, N. , De, N. and Bhutani, H. (2014) Corrosion aspect of dental implants—An overview and literature review. Open Journal of Stomatology, 4, 56-60. doi: 10.4236/ojst.2014.42010.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0109-5641(02)00029-5 [9] Kasemo, B. and Lausmaa, J. (1998) Biomaterial and implant surfaces: A surface science approach. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 3, 247-259. [10] Aziz-Kerrzo, M., Conroy, R.G., Fenelon, A.M., et al. (2001) Electrochemical studies on the stability and corrosion resistance of titanium-based implant materials. Biomaterials, 22, 1531-1539.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00309-4 [11] Huang, H.H. (2002) Effects of fluoride concentration and elastic tensile strain on the corrosion resistance of commercially pure titanium. Biomaterials, 23, 59-63.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00079-5 [12] Toumelin-Chemla, F., Rouellet, F. and Burdairon, G. (1996) Corrosive properties of fluoride containing odontologic gels against titanium. Journal of Dentistry, 24, 109-115.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-5712(95)00033-X [13] Vargas, E., Baier, R. and Meyer, A. (1992) Reduce corrosion of cp Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy endosseous dental implant after glow discharge treatment: A preliminary report. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 7, 338-344. [14] Donachie, M.J. (1987) Introduction. In Donachie, M. J., Ed., Titanium: A Technical Guide. ASM, Metals Park, 9-19. [15] Barjj, A. (1976) EDS titanium. In James, W.J. and Straumanis, M.E., Eds., Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry of the Elements, Vol. 5, Dekker, New York, 305-395. [16] Strietzel, R., Hösch, A., Kalbfleisch, H., et al. (1998) In vitro corrosion of titanium. Biomaterials, 19, 1495-1499.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(98)00065-9 [17] Koike, M. and Fujii, H. (2001) The cor-rosion resistance of pure titanium in organic acids. Biomaterials, 22, 2931-2936.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00040-0 [18] Reclaru, L. and Meyer, J.M. (1998) Effects of fluoride on titanium and otherdental alloys in dentistry. Biomaterials, 19, 85-92.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041290303 [20] Levin, M. (2007) Large-scale biophysics: Ion flows and regeneration. Trends in Cell Biology, 17, 261-270.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2007.04.007 [21] Burr, D.B., Robling, A.G. and Turner, C.H. (2002) Effects of biomechanical stress on bones in animals. Bone, 30, 781-786.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00707-X [22] Duncan, R.L. and Turner, C.H. (1995) Mechano-transduction and the functional response of bone to mechanical strain. Calcified Tissue International, 57, 344-358.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302070 [23] Fukada, E. and Yasuda, I. (1957) On the piezoelectric effect of bone. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 12, 1158-1162.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.12.1158 [24] Black, J. (1986) Electrical stimulation: Its role in growth, repair, and remodeling of the musculoskeletal system. Praeger Publishers, New York. [25] Black, J., Baranowski, T.J. and Brighton, C.T. (1984) Electrochemical aspects of DC stimulation of osteogenesis. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 12, 323-327.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0302-4598(84)87012-9 [26] Gaber, S., Fischerauer, E.E., Frohlich, E., Janezic, G., Amerstorfer, F. and Weinberg, A.M. (2009) Chondrocyte apoptosis enhanced at the growth plate: Aphyseal response to a diaphyseal fracture. Cell and Tissue Research, 335, 539-549.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-008-0735-0 [27] Gilbert, J.L., Mehta, M. and Pinder, B. (2009) Fretting crevice corrosion of stainless steel stem-Co-Cr femoral head connections: Comparisons of materials, initial moisture, and offset length. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 88, 162-173. [28] Jacobs, J.J., Urban, R.M., Hallab, N.J., Skipor, A.K., Fischer, A. and Wimmer, M.A. (2009) Metal-on-metal bearing surfaces. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 17, 69-76. [29] Kumar, S., Narayanan, T.S., Raman, G.S.S. and Seshadri, S.K. (2010) Microstructural and electrochemical characterization. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 119, 337-346.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.09.007 [30] Geetha, M., Durgalakshmi, D. and Asokamani, R. (2010) Biomedical implants: Corrosion and its prevention—A review. Recent Patents on Corrosion Science, 2, 40-54.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1877610801002010040 [31] Jiang, P., He, X.L., Li, X.X., Yu, L.G. and Wang, H.M. (2000) Wear resistance of a laser surface alloyed Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Surface and Coatings Technology, 130, 24-32.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00680-0 [32] Richard, C., Kowandy, C., Landoulsi, J., Geetha, M. and Ramasawmy, H. (2010) Corrosion and wear behavior of thermally sprayed nano ceramic coatings on commercially pure Titanium and Ti-13Nb-13Zr. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 28, 115-123.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2009.08.006 [33] Baan, R., Straif, K., Grosse, Y., Secretan, W., El Ghissassi, F., Cogliano, V., et al. (2006) Carcinogenicity of carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc. Lancet Oncology, 7, 295-296.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70651-9
[1] Misch, C.E. (2007) Contemporary implant dentistry. Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis, 26. [2] Branemark, P.I., Hansson, B.O., Adell, R., Breine, U., Lindstrom, J., Halloeno, O., et al. (1997) Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw: Experience from a 10 year period. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. Supplementum, 16, 1-132. [3] Steinemann, S.G. (1998) Titanium—The material of choice? Periodontology, 17, 7-21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1998.tb00119.x [4] Massaro, C., Rotolo, P., de Riccardis, F., et al. (2002) Comparative investigation of the surface properties of commercial titanium dental implants: Part I. Chemical composition. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 13, 535-548.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015170625506 [5] Chaturvedi, T.P. (2009) An overview of the corrosion aspect of dental implants (titanium and its alloys). Indian Journal of Dental Research, 20, 91-98.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.49068 [6] O’Brien, W.J. (1978) Materials used in implantology. In O’Brien, W.J. and Ryge, G., Eds., Dental Materials and Their Selection, 2nd Edition, Vol. 1. [7] Cochran, G.V., Pawluk, R.J. and Bassett, C.A. (1967) Stress generated electric potentials in mandible and teeth. Archives of Oral Biology, 12, 917-920.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(67)90117-3 [8] Fathi, M.H., Salehi, M., Saatchi, A., et al. (2003) In vitro corrosion behavior of bioceramic, metallic and bioceramic-metallic coated stainlesssteel dental implants. Dental Materials, 19, 188-198.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0109-5641(02)00029-5 [9] Kasemo, B. and Lausmaa, J. (1998) Biomaterial and implant surfaces: A surface science approach. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 3, 247-259. [10] Aziz-Kerrzo, M., Conroy, R.G., Fenelon, A.M., et al. (2001) Electrochemical studies on the stability and corrosion resistance of titanium-based implant materials. Biomaterials, 22, 1531-1539.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00309-4 [11] Huang, H.H. (2002) Effects of fluoride concentration and elastic tensile strain on the corrosion resistance of commercially pure titanium. Biomaterials, 23, 59-63.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00079-5 [12] Toumelin-Chemla, F., Rouellet, F. and Burdairon, G. (1996) Corrosive properties of fluoride containing odontologic gels against titanium. Journal of Dentistry, 24, 109-115.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-5712(95)00033-X [13] Vargas, E., Baier, R. and Meyer, A. (1992) Reduce corrosion of cp Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy endosseous dental implant after glow discharge treatment: A preliminary report. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 7, 338-344. [14] Donachie, M.J. (1987) Introduction. In Donachie, M. J., Ed., Titanium: A Technical Guide. ASM, Metals Park, 9-19. [15] Barjj, A. (1976) EDS titanium. In James, W.J. and Straumanis, M.E., Eds., Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry of the Elements, Vol. 5, Dekker, New York, 305-395. [16] Strietzel, R., Hösch, A., Kalbfleisch, H., et al. (1998) In vitro corrosion of titanium. Biomaterials, 19, 1495-1499.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(98)00065-9 [17] Koike, M. and Fujii, H. (2001) The cor-rosion resistance of pure titanium in organic acids. Biomaterials, 22, 2931-2936.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00040-0 [18] Reclaru, L. and Meyer, J.M. (1998) Effects of fluoride on titanium and otherdental alloys in dentistry. Biomaterials, 19, 85-92.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(97)00179-8 [19] Ferrier, J., Ross, S.M., Kanehisa, J. and Aubin, J.E. (1986) Osteoclasts and osteoblasts migrate in opposite directions in response to a constant electricalfield. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 129, 283-288.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041290303 [20] Levin, M. (2007) Large-scale biophysics: Ion flows and regeneration. Trends in Cell Biology, 17, 261-270.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2007.04.007 [21] Burr, D.B., Robling, A.G. and Turner, C.H. (2002) Effects of biomechanical stress on bones in animals. Bone, 30, 781-786.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00707-X [22] Duncan, R.L. and Turner, C.H. (1995) Mechano-transduction and the functional response of bone to mechanical strain. Calcified Tissue International, 57, 344-358.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302070 [23] Fukada, E. and Yasuda, I. (1957) On the piezoelectric effect of bone. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 12, 1158-1162.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.12.1158 [24] Black, J. (1986) Electrical stimulation: Its role in growth, repair, and remodeling of the musculoskeletal system. Praeger Publishers, New York. [25] Black, J., Baranowski, T.J. and Brighton, C.T. (1984) Electrochemical aspects of DC stimulation of osteogenesis. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 12, 323-327.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0302-4598(84)87012-9 [26] Gaber, S., Fischerauer, E.E., Frohlich, E., Janezic, G., Amerstorfer, F. and Weinberg, A.M. (2009) Chondrocyte apoptosis enhanced at the growth plate: Aphyseal response to a diaphyseal fracture. Cell and Tissue Research, 335, 539-549.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-008-0735-0 [27] Gilbert, J.L., Mehta, M. and Pinder, B. (2009) Fretting crevice corrosion of stainless steel stem-Co-Cr femoral head connections: Comparisons of materials, initial moisture, and offset length. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 88, 162-173. [28] Jacobs, J.J., Urban, R.M., Hallab, N.J., Skipor, A.K., Fischer, A. and Wimmer, M.A. (2009) Metal-on-metal bearing surfaces. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 17, 69-76. [29] Kumar, S., Narayanan, T.S., Raman, G.S.S. and Seshadri, S.K. (2010) Microstructural and electrochemical characterization. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 119, 337-346.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.09.007 [30] Geetha, M., Durgalakshmi, D. and Asokamani, R. (2010) Biomedical implants: Corrosion and its prevention—A review. Recent Patents on Corrosion Science, 2, 40-54.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1877610801002010040 [31] Jiang, P., He, X.L., Li, X.X., Yu, L.G. and Wang, H.M. (2000) Wear resistance of a laser surface alloyed Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Surface and Coatings Technology, 130, 24-32.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00680-0 [32] Richard, C., Kowandy, C., Landoulsi, J., Geetha, M. and Ramasawmy, H. (2010) Corrosion and wear behavior of thermally sprayed nano ceramic coatings on commercially pure Titanium and Ti-13Nb-13Zr. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 28, 115-123.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2009.08.006 [33] Baan, R., Straif, K., Grosse, Y., Secretan, W., El Ghissassi, F., Cogliano, V., et al. (2006) Carcinogenicity of carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc. Lancet Oncology, 7, 295-296.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70651-9