Developing Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves in Scarce Data Region: An Approach using Regional Analysis and Satellite Data
ABSTRACT
The availability of data is an important aspect in frequency analysis. This paper explores the joint use of lim- ited data from ground rainfall stations and TRMM data to develop Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) curves, where very limited ground station rainfall records are available. Homogeneity of the means and variances are first checked for both types of data. The study zone is assumed to be belonging to the same region and checked using the Wiltshire test. An Index Flood procedure is adopted to generate the theoretical regional distribution equation. Rainfall depths at various return periods are calculated for all stations and plotted spatially. Regional patterns are identified and discussed. TRMM data are used to develop ratios between 24-hr rainfall depth and shorter duration depths. The regional patterns along with the developed ratios are used to develop regional IDF curves. The methodology is applied on a region in the North-West of Angola.
The availability of data is an important aspect in frequency analysis. This paper explores the joint use of lim- ited data from ground rainfall stations and TRMM data to develop Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) curves, where very limited ground station rainfall records are available. Homogeneity of the means and variances are first checked for both types of data. The study zone is assumed to be belonging to the same region and checked using the Wiltshire test. An Index Flood procedure is adopted to generate the theoretical regional distribution equation. Rainfall depths at various return periods are calculated for all stations and plotted spatially. Regional patterns are identified and discussed. TRMM data are used to develop ratios between 24-hr rainfall depth and shorter duration depths. The regional patterns along with the developed ratios are used to develop regional IDF curves. The methodology is applied on a region in the North-West of Angola.
Cite this paper
nullA. Awadallah, M. ElGamal, A. ElMostafa and H. ElBadry, "Developing Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves in Scarce Data Region: An Approach using Regional Analysis and Satellite Data," Engineering, Vol. 3 No. 3, 2011, pp. 215-226. doi: 10.4236/eng.2011.33025.
nullA. Awadallah, M. ElGamal, A. ElMostafa and H. ElBadry, "Developing Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves in Scarce Data Region: An Approach using Regional Analysis and Satellite Data," Engineering, Vol. 3 No. 3, 2011, pp. 215-226. doi: 10.4236/eng.2011.33025.
References
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[1] E. Habib, A. Henschke and R. F. Adler, “Evaluation of TMPA Satellite-Based Research and Real-Time Rainfall Estimates during Six Tropical-Related Heavy Rainfall Events over Louisiana, USA,” Atmospheric Research, Vol. 94, No. 3, November 2009, pp. 373-388. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.06.015 [2] M. Li and Q. Shao, “An Improved Statistical Approach to Merge Satellite Rainfall Estimates and Raingauge Data,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 385, No. 1-4, May 2010, pp. 51-64. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.01.023 [3] M. Almazroui, “Calibration of TRMM Rainfall Climato- logy over Saudi Arabia during 1998-2009,” Atmospheric Research, Vol. 99, No. 3-4, March 2011, pp. 400-414. [4] L. Li, Y. Hong, J. Wang, R. F. Adler, F. S. Policelli, S. Habib, D. Irwn, T. Korme and L. Okello, “Evaluation of the Real-Time TRMM-Based Multi-Satellite Precipi- tation Analysis for an Operational Flood Prediction Sys- tem in Nzoia Basin, Lake Victoria, Africa,” Natural Hazards, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2009, pp. 109-123. doi:10.1007/s11069-008-9324-5 [5] F. C. Bell, “Generalized Rainfall-Duration-Frequency Relationship,” Journal of Hydraulic Division, Vol. 95, No. HY1, 1969, pp. 311-327. [6] Soil Conservation Service, “Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, Technical Release 55,” United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, 1986. [7] W. J. Conover, “Practical Nonparametric Statistics,” 3rd Edition, John Wiley, Hoboken, 1980. [8] H. B. Mann and D. R. Whitney, “On a Test of Whether One of Two Random Variables is Stochastically Larger than the Other,” Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 18, No. 1, March 1947, pp. 50-60. doi:10.1214/aoms/1177730491 [9] F. Wilcoxon, “Individual Comparisons by Ranking Meth- ods,” Biometrics, Vol. 1, No. 6, December 1945, pp. 80- 83. doi:10.2307/3001968 [10] L. E. Moses, “A Two-Sample Test,” Psychometrika, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1952, pp. 239-247. doi:10.1007/BF02288755 [11] M. A. Ste-phens, “EDF Statistics for Goodness of Fit and Some Compar-isons,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 69, No. 347, September 1974, pp. 730- 737. doi:10.2307/2286009 [12] H. Levene, “Contributions to Probability and Statistics: Essays in Honor of Harold Hotelling,” Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, 1960, pp. 278-292. [13] C. Cunnane, “Statistical Distributions for Flood Frequency Analysis,” Word Meteorological Organization Operational Hydrology Report, No. 33, Geneva, 1989. [14] National Research Council, “Committee on Techniques for Estimating Probabilities of Extreme Floods, Estimating Probabilities of Extreme Floods, Methods and Recom- mended Research”, National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 1988. [15] J. R. Stedinger, R. M. Vogel and E. Foufoula-Georgiou, “Frequency Analysis of Extreme Events,” In: D. R. Maidment, Ed., Handbook of Hydrology, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993. [16] A. R. Rao and K. H. Hamed, “Flood Frequency Analysis,” CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2000. [17] S. E. Wiltshire, “Regional Flood Frequency Analysis I: Homogeneity Statistics,” Hydrological Sciences Journal, Vol. 31, No. 3, 1986, pp. 321-333. doi:10.1080/02626668609491051 [18] S. E. Wiltshire, “Identification of Homogeneous Regions for Flood Frequency Analysis,” Journal of Hydraulics, Vol. 84, No. 3-4, May 1986, pp. 287-302. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(86)90128-9 [19] C. Cunnane, “Methods and Merits of Regional Flood Frequency Analysis,” Journal Hydrology, Vol. 100, No. 1-3, July 1988, pp. 269-290. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(88)90188-6 [20] T. Dalrymple, “Flood Frequency Analysis, Manual of Hydrology, Part 3, Flood-Flow Techniques: U.S. Geologi- cal Survey Water-Supply Paper 1543-A,” 1960. [21] J. R. M. Hosking, and J. R. Wallis, “Some Statistics Useful in Regional Frequency Analysis, Res. Rep. RC 17096,” IBM Research Division, New York, 1991. [22] D. M. Hershfield, “Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States for Durations from 30 Minutes to 24 Hours and Return Periods from 1 to 100 Years,” US Weather Bureau Technical Paper 40, Washington DC, 1962. [23] A. G. Awadallah, and N. S. Younan, “Impact of Design Storm Distributions on Watershed Response in Arid Regions,” 8th International Association of Hydro-logical Sciences (IAHS) Scientific Assembly, 6-12 September 2009, Hyderabad.