Hemoglobin concentration of intestinal parasites infested children in Okada, Edo state, Nigeria

Alfred Friday  Ehiaghe; Youtchou Mirabeau  Tatfeng; Joy Imuetinya  Ehiaghe; Uhuonrenren  Osaretin

doi:10.4236/ojepi.2013.34022

Journals by Subject

Journals by Title

OJEpi Vol.3 No.4 , November 2013

Hemoglobin concentration of intestinal parasites infested children in Okada, Edo state, Nigeria

Alfred Friday Ehiaghe^*, Youtchou Mirabeau Tatfeng^*, Joy Imuetinya Ehiaghe^*, Uhuonrenren Osaretin^*

Abstract: Anemia in children is defined by the World Health Organization as a hemoglobin concentration below 11 g/dl for children (0.5-5.0 yrs) and12 g/dl for teens (12-15 yrs). 4 ml of venous blood sample was collected in EDTA container. Of the total of three hundred and thirty four (334) subjects, one hundred and fifty two (152) were Females and one hundred and eighty two (182) were Males. Intestinal parasite assessment was done by Direct Smear technique and Formol-Ether concentration methods. Hemoglobin concentration was analyzed using Cyanmethaemoglobin method. Thirty (30) subjects were infested with Ascaris lumbricoides (single infestation), Ninety Five (95) subjects were infested with Ascaris lumbricoides and Hookworm (Double infestation) and Forty Two (42) subjects were infested with Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, Entamoeba histolytica and Trichuris trichiura (Multiple infestation). The Mean ± Standard Deviation of Hemoglobin concentration of the various infestation types against the control subject shows a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.05). Our data confirm that intestinal parasites are associated with anemia irrespective of gender and age in children.

Keywords: Anemia; Hemoglobin Concentration; Ascaris lumbricoides; Hookworm; Cyanmethaemoglobin Method

Cite this paper: Ehiaghe, A. , Tatfeng, Y. , Ehiaghe, J. and Osaretin, U. (2013) Hemoglobin concentration of intestinal parasites infested children in Okada, Edo state, Nigeria. Open Journal of Epidemiology, 3, 149-152. doi: 10.4236/ojepi.2013.34022.

References

[1] World Health Organization (1998) Control of tropical disease. WHO, Geneva.

[2] Evans, A.C. and Stehenson, L.S. (1995) Not by drugs alone: The fight against parasitic helminthus. World Health Forum, 16, 258-261.

[3] Arinola, O.G., Yagub, A. and Rahamon, K.S. (2012) Reduced serum IgE level in Nigerian Children with helminthiasis compared with protozoan infection: Implication on hygine hypothesis. Annals of Biological Research, 3, 5754-5757.

[4] World Health Organization (2008) World wide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005. World Health Organization, Geneva.

[5] Saimak, T.N. (2009) MD, MPH. Editor Melissa Conrad Stoppler MD.

[6] Rasmuussen, S.A., Fernhoff, P.M. and Scanlon, K.S. (2001) Vitamin B12 deficiency in children and adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics, 138, 10-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.112160

[7] Naing, L., Winn, T. and Rush, B.N. (2006) Practical issues in calculating the sample size for prevalence studies. Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 1, 9-14.

[8] Monica, C. (2000) District laboratory practice in tropical countries Part 2. Cambridge Low Price Editions, Cambridge University Press, 207-212 and 253-266.

[9] Dacis, J. and Lewis, D. (2006) Practical hematology. 8th Edition, Churchill Livingstone, London, 27-30.

[10] Shammari, S.A., Khoja, T., Khwasky, F.E. and Gad, A. (2001) Intestinal parasitic disease in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Prevalence, sociodemographic and environmental associates. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 6, 184-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00698.x

[11] Arinola, O.G. and Fawole, O.O. (1995) Prevalence of protozoan and heliminthic infections among different occupational and age group in Iroko Village, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2, 51-57.

[12] Ramesh, G.N., Malla, N., Raju, G.S., Sehgal, R., Ganguly, N.K., Mahajan, R.C. and Dilawari, J.B. (1991) Epidemiological study of parasitic infestations in lower socioeconomic group in chandigarh (North Indian). Indian Journal of Medical Research, 93, 47-50.

[13] Rarness, L.A. (1992) Nutrition and nutritional disorders. In: Behrman, R.E., Kliegman, R.M., Nelson, W.E. and Vaughan, V.C., Eds., Nelson’s Testbook of Pediatrics, 14th Edition, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 105-146.

[14] World Health Organization (1978) Expert committee. Public health significance of Intestinal parasite infestation Bill. WHO, 65, 575-588.

[15] Kazora, J.W. and Mahm, A.A.F. (1992) Intestinal nematodes. In: Behrman, R.E., Kliegman, R.M., Nelson, W.E. and Vaughan, V.C., Eds., Nelson’s Testbook of Pediatrics, 14th Edition, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 896-899.

[16] Warren, K.S., Dindy, D.A.P., Anderson, R.M., Davis, A.R., Henderson, D.A. and Jamison, D.T. (1993) Helminthic infections. In: Jamison, D.T., Mosley, W.H., Measham, A.R. and Bobadilla, J.L., Eds., Disease control priorities in developing countries, University Press, New York, Oxford, 131-160.

[17] Slata, R.A. and Aucott, J.N. (1992) Parasitic infection. In: Behrman, R.E., Khegman, L.M., Nelson, W.E. and Vaughan, V.C., Eds., Nelson’s Testbook of Pediatrics, 14th Edition, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 872-876.

[18] Blumenthal, D. and Scheltz, M.G. (1976) Effect of ascaris infection on nutritional status in children. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 25, 682-690.