Study of Gallium Plating of Metal Electrodes
ABSTRACT
Conditions of gallium plating of metal electrodes were studied in the paper. It was found that stability of gallium cover depends on the material and is increasing in the raw: stainless steel 08Х18Н12Т < Steel 1, Steel 2, Steel 3, Steel 45 < Ni < Cd < Cu. Phase composition of the electrode surface layer obtained after gallium plating was studied. It was found that gallium with nickel form Ga36Ni64(Ga Ni2) compound and gallium with copper form CuGa2compound. Different acids were used for electrode leaching: H2SO4; HNO3; H3PO4; HCI. It was shown that only hydrochloric acid is suit-able for gallium plating of the electrodes.
Conditions of gallium plating of metal electrodes were studied in the paper. It was found that stability of gallium cover depends on the material and is increasing in the raw: stainless steel 08Х18Н12Т < Steel 1, Steel 2, Steel 3, Steel 45 < Ni < Cd < Cu. Phase composition of the electrode surface layer obtained after gallium plating was studied. It was found that gallium with nickel form Ga36Ni64(Ga Ni2) compound and gallium with copper form CuGa2compound. Different acids were used for electrode leaching: H2SO4; HNO3; H3PO4; HCI. It was shown that only hydrochloric acid is suit-able for gallium plating of the electrodes.
Cite this paper
Gladyshev, S. , Abdulvaliev, R. , Beisembekova, K. and Sarsenbay, G. (2013) Study of Gallium Plating of Metal Electrodes. Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 1, 39-42. doi: 10.4236/msce.2013.15008.
Gladyshev, S. , Abdulvaliev, R. , Beisembekova, K. and Sarsenbay, G. (2013) Study of Gallium Plating of Metal Electrodes. Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 1, 39-42. doi: 10.4236/msce.2013.15008.
References
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[1] A. N. Zelikman, “Metallurgy of Rare Metals,” Moscow, 1980, 567 p. [2] S. P. Yatsenko and V. N. Diev, “For Electronics of Light Alloys,” Metallic Gallium from Alumina Production Solutions (Review): Metals of Eurasia, No. 1, 2005, pp. 60- 61. [3] R. R. Moskalyk, “Gallium: The Backbone of the Electronics Industry,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 10, 2003, pp. 921-929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2003.08.003 [4] S. P. Yatsenko, “Gallium: Interaction with Metals,” M.: Nauka, 1974, 220 p. [5] R. V. Ivanova, “Khimiyai Tekhnologiya Galliya (Chemistry and Technology of Gallium),” Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1973. [6] N. G. Dovbysh, Yu. A. Volohov and V. M. Sizyakov, “Ion Interactions in Aluminate and Galatesolutions,” Improvement of Alumina Quality and Complex Processing of Raw Materials, 1981, pp. 28-31. [7] S. S. Korovin, V. I. Bukin, P. I. Fedorov and А. М. Reznik, “Redkiei Rasseyannye Elementy: Khimiyai Tekhnologiya (Rare and Scattered Elements: Chemistry and Technology),” IzdvoMISiS, Moscow, 2003. [8] T. Kekesi, “Gallium Extraction from Synthetic Bayer Liquors Using Kelex 100-Kerosene, the Effect of Loading and Stripping Conditions on Selectivity,” Hydrometallurgy, 2007, pp. 170-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.04.006 [9] A. T. Ibragimov and S. V. Budon, “Development of Alumina Production Technology from Kazakhstan Bauxite,” ENRC Annual Report and Accounts, 2010. [10] S. P. Yatsenko, L. A. Pasechnik, N. A Sabirzyanov, et al., “Production of Gallium from Alumina Industry Solutions with Electrolysis,” Nonferrous Metals, No. 5, 2004, pp. 60-63. [11] E. L. Shalavina, G. A. Romanov, Y. N. Evseev, et al., “Production of Gallium from Aluminate Solutions,” Alma-Ata, Nauka, 1990, 204 p. [12] F. N. Evdokimenko, G. A. Romanov and A. I. Zazubin, “Study of Cathode Process during Gallium Electrolysis on Solid Revolving Gallium Plated Cathode,” Proceedings of IM&OD of Kazakhstan, Almaty: Nauka, Vol. 46, 1972, pp. 20-30. [13] S. A. Smirnov, V. N. Panteleev, Y. V. Zhilyaev, et al., “Study of GaN Crystal Layer Growing in the Horizontal Reactor by Chloride Epitaxy Method,” Journal of Technical Physics, Vol. 78, No. 12, 2008, pp. 70-73. [14] F. N. Evdokimenko, A. I. Zazubin and L. A. Saltovskaya, “Method of Gallium Plating of Metal Electrodes,” Certificate of Invention USSR, No. 406966, 1974. [15] S. P. Yatsenko and V. N. Diev, “Electrolyte for Gallium Electrolysis,” Certificate of Invention USSR, No. 601324, 1978. [16] F. F. Faizullin and E. V. Nikitin, “Regularities of Gallium Anode Oxidation in КОН Solution,” Electrochemistry, No. 1, 1966, pp. 112-115.