Heavy Crude Oil Upgrading: Jazmin Crude
ABSTRACT
The Jazmin crude oil is located at the heart of Middle Magdalena in Colombia. It is heavy and sour crude oil with 43 wt.% of vacuum bottoms. It cannot be processed at the conventional refinery without being mixed with other lighter crudes, and should be upgraded to produce synthetic crude with higher concentration of distillates and lower acidity and carbon content. In this paper eight upgrading alternatives are presented. The alternatives include the processing of the crude, reduced crude and vacuum bottoms of the Jazmin crude oil using the following technologies: Distillation, solvent deasphalting, visbreaking, Delayed Coking, and Hydrotreating. The experiments were conducted at pilot scale, and there were used standard analysis techniques such as ASTM. In this study it was found that Jazmine crude oil and its heavy components produce high distillate yields when they were processed with thermal conversion processes. In addition those processes reduce the products acidity. Within the analyzed scheme the one corresponding to the visbreaking of the crude oil and the Delayed Coking of the vacuum bottoms from the visbreaking is perhaps the most attractive, giving 5.9 wt.% of gas, 78.2 wt.% of distillates and 15.9 wt.% of coke.
The Jazmin crude oil is located at the heart of Middle Magdalena in Colombia. It is heavy and sour crude oil with 43 wt.% of vacuum bottoms. It cannot be processed at the conventional refinery without being mixed with other lighter crudes, and should be upgraded to produce synthetic crude with higher concentration of distillates and lower acidity and carbon content. In this paper eight upgrading alternatives are presented. The alternatives include the processing of the crude, reduced crude and vacuum bottoms of the Jazmin crude oil using the following technologies: Distillation, solvent deasphalting, visbreaking, Delayed Coking, and Hydrotreating. The experiments were conducted at pilot scale, and there were used standard analysis techniques such as ASTM. In this study it was found that Jazmine crude oil and its heavy components produce high distillate yields when they were processed with thermal conversion processes. In addition those processes reduce the products acidity. Within the analyzed scheme the one corresponding to the visbreaking of the crude oil and the Delayed Coking of the vacuum bottoms from the visbreaking is perhaps the most attractive, giving 5.9 wt.% of gas, 78.2 wt.% of distillates and 15.9 wt.% of coke.
KEYWORDS
Jazmin Crude; Upgrading; Visbreaking; Deasphalting; Coking; Thermal Conversion; Heavy Crude; Acidity
Jazmin Crude; Upgrading; Visbreaking; Deasphalting; Coking; Thermal Conversion; Heavy Crude; Acidity
Cite this paper
J. Carrillo and L. Corredor, "Heavy Crude Oil Upgrading: Jazmin Crude," Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, Vol. 3 No. 4, 2013, pp. 46-55. doi: 10.4236/aces.2013.34A1007.
J. Carrillo and L. Corredor, "Heavy Crude Oil Upgrading: Jazmin Crude," Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, Vol. 3 No. 4, 2013, pp. 46-55. doi: 10.4236/aces.2013.34A1007.
References
[1] http://www.pacificrubiales.com/operations/colombia/production.html [2] http://www.pacificrubiales.com/operations/colombia/production.html [3] J. Plotkin, “Exploiting Unconventional Heavy Oils,” PTQ-Q1, 2007, pp. 65-67. [4] M. Aldescu, “High-Quality Products from Sour Heavy Crudes,” PTQ Q3, 2012, pp. 115-120. [5] J. A. Carrillo, L. G. Garzón, L. M. Corredor and H. J. Picon, “Visbreaking of Jazmin Crude Oil: Transport Alternatives,” Preprints of Papers-American Chemical Society, Division of Fuel Chemistry, Vol. 52, No. 2, 2007, pp. [6] M. G. Bienstock, et al., Patent USA 6086751, 2000. [7] M. Aldescu, “Challenges of Heavy Crude Processing,” Sour/Heavy, 2012, pp. 127-132. www.ptq.com [8] L. Castaneda, J. Munoz and J. Ancheyta, “Combined Process Schemes for Upgrading of Heavy Petroleum,” Fuel, Vol. 100, 2012, pp. 110-127.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.02.022 [9] R. Martínez-Palou, et al., “Transportation of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oil by Pipeline: A Review,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 75, No. 3-4, 2001, pp. 274-282.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2010.11.020 [10] M. Rana, et al., “A Review of Recent Advances on Process Technologies for Upgrading of Heavy Oils and Residua,” Fuel, Vol. 86, No. 9, 2007, pp. 1216-1231.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.08.004 [11] J. Le Page, S. Chatila and M. Davidson, “Residue and Heavy Oil Processing,” Technip, Paris, 1992. [12] M. Gray, “Upgrading Petroleum Residues and Heavy Oils,” Marcel-Dekker, 1994. [13] J. Speight, “Chapter 5: Thermal Cracking The Refinery of the Future, and Hydrotreating (HDT),” 2011, pp. 147-180. [14] R. Radmanesh, E. Chan and M. Gray, “Modeling of Mass Transfer and Thermal Cracking during the Coking of Athabasca Residues,” Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 63, No. 6, pp. 1683-1691.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.11.019 [15] J. Gearhart and L. Garwin, “Resid-Extraction Process Offers Flexibility,” Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 74, No. 24, 1976, pp. 63-66. [16] R. Newcomer and R. Soltau, “Heavy Oil Extraction ups FCC Feed at First Three-Stage Grass Roots ROSE Unit, in Kansas,” Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 80, No. 26, 1982, pp. 108-110. [17] J. S. Plotkin, “Exploiting Unconventional Heavy Oils,” PTQ Q1, 2007, pp. 65-67. [18] J. Elliott and M. McGrath, “Cost Effective Conversion of Heavy Residues,” March, 2009, pp. 51-58. [19] “Liquid-Liquid in Continuous Extraction Pilot Plant,” Gaceta 448 del 9 del Julio, 1997, p. 216. [20] Patent Colombian, “Visbreaking Pilot Plant,” Gaceta 444 del 7 de Mayo, 1997, p. 200. [21] J. A. Carrillo, J. Cáceres, G. Vela and H. Bueno, “Solventes de Desasfaltado,” CT&F, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1996, pp. 67-76. [22] J. A. Carrillo and F. Pantoja, “Evaluación de Fondos de vacío en la Viscorreducción,” Ingeniería Química, Mayo. 1996, pp. 97-103. [23] J. A. Carrillo, H. J. Picón, L. G. Garzón and L. M. Corredor, “Delayed Coking: Castilla and Jazmín Crude oils,” ACS National Meeting, Fuel Chemistry, Boston, 23 August 2007.
[1] http://www.pacificrubiales.com/operations/colombia/production.html [2] http://www.pacificrubiales.com/operations/colombia/production.html [3] J. Plotkin, “Exploiting Unconventional Heavy Oils,” PTQ-Q1, 2007, pp. 65-67. [4] M. Aldescu, “High-Quality Products from Sour Heavy Crudes,” PTQ Q3, 2012, pp. 115-120. [5] J. A. Carrillo, L. G. Garzón, L. M. Corredor and H. J. Picon, “Visbreaking of Jazmin Crude Oil: Transport Alternatives,” Preprints of Papers-American Chemical Society, Division of Fuel Chemistry, Vol. 52, No. 2, 2007, pp. [6] M. G. Bienstock, et al., Patent USA 6086751, 2000. [7] M. Aldescu, “Challenges of Heavy Crude Processing,” Sour/Heavy, 2012, pp. 127-132. www.ptq.com [8] L. Castaneda, J. Munoz and J. Ancheyta, “Combined Process Schemes for Upgrading of Heavy Petroleum,” Fuel, Vol. 100, 2012, pp. 110-127.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.02.022 [9] R. Martínez-Palou, et al., “Transportation of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oil by Pipeline: A Review,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 75, No. 3-4, 2001, pp. 274-282.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2010.11.020 [10] M. Rana, et al., “A Review of Recent Advances on Process Technologies for Upgrading of Heavy Oils and Residua,” Fuel, Vol. 86, No. 9, 2007, pp. 1216-1231.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.08.004 [11] J. Le Page, S. Chatila and M. Davidson, “Residue and Heavy Oil Processing,” Technip, Paris, 1992. [12] M. Gray, “Upgrading Petroleum Residues and Heavy Oils,” Marcel-Dekker, 1994. [13] J. Speight, “Chapter 5: Thermal Cracking The Refinery of the Future, and Hydrotreating (HDT),” 2011, pp. 147-180. [14] R. Radmanesh, E. Chan and M. Gray, “Modeling of Mass Transfer and Thermal Cracking during the Coking of Athabasca Residues,” Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 63, No. 6, pp. 1683-1691.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.11.019 [15] J. Gearhart and L. Garwin, “Resid-Extraction Process Offers Flexibility,” Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 74, No. 24, 1976, pp. 63-66. [16] R. Newcomer and R. Soltau, “Heavy Oil Extraction ups FCC Feed at First Three-Stage Grass Roots ROSE Unit, in Kansas,” Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 80, No. 26, 1982, pp. 108-110. [17] J. S. Plotkin, “Exploiting Unconventional Heavy Oils,” PTQ Q1, 2007, pp. 65-67. [18] J. Elliott and M. McGrath, “Cost Effective Conversion of Heavy Residues,” March, 2009, pp. 51-58. [19] “Liquid-Liquid in Continuous Extraction Pilot Plant,” Gaceta 448 del 9 del Julio, 1997, p. 216. [20] Patent Colombian, “Visbreaking Pilot Plant,” Gaceta 444 del 7 de Mayo, 1997, p. 200. [21] J. A. Carrillo, J. Cáceres, G. Vela and H. Bueno, “Solventes de Desasfaltado,” CT&F, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1996, pp. 67-76. [22] J. A. Carrillo and F. Pantoja, “Evaluación de Fondos de vacío en la Viscorreducción,” Ingeniería Química, Mayo. 1996, pp. 97-103. [23] J. A. Carrillo, H. J. Picón, L. G. Garzón and L. M. Corredor, “Delayed Coking: Castilla and Jazmín Crude oils,” ACS National Meeting, Fuel Chemistry, Boston, 23 August 2007.