Evaluation of antimycobacterium activity of the essential oils of cumin (Cuminum cyminum), clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), laurel (Laurus nobilis) and anis (Pimpinella anisum) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Author(s)
Andrade-Ochoa Sergio,
Chacón-Vargas Fabiola,
Nevarez-Moorillon Guadalupe,
Rivera-Chavira Blanca,
Hernández-Ochoa León*
Affiliation(s)
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Campus Universitario #2, Chihuahua, México.
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Campus Universitario #2, Chihuahua, México.
ABSTRACT
In this study Essential oils were used with cumin, cloves, cinnamon, laurel and anis to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. The MICs were determined on M. tuberculosis H37Rv sensitive to all five firstline antituberculosis drugs (streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pirazinamide), two H37-Rv (CH-8 and CH-15) isoniazid-resistant, two H37Rv (CH-07 and CH-09) rifampicin-resistant, two H37Rv (CH-03 and CH-06) streptomycin-resistant, and two H37Rv (CH-09 and CH-10) ethambutol-resistant using the microplate alamar blue assay. The results obtained showed that the cumin and cinnamon essential oils showed a MIC of 12.5 μg/ml against reference strain H37Rv. The five essential oils used in this study were effective against the isoniazid-resistant variant of H37RV with MIC values in the range 12.5-100 μg/ml, the most potent being the cumin and cin-namon (MIC = 12.5). Similar results were obtained against rifampicin-resistant variant of H37RV with MIC values in the range 12.5-100 μg/ml; the most active ones in this case were the essential oils of cumin and cloves. The essential oils of anis and laurel were active with MIC value to 100 μg/ml. Clove, cumin, and cinnamon essential oils were active against all strains utilized in this study, with MIC values in the range 6.25 μg/ml to 25 μg/ml.
In this study Essential oils were used with cumin, cloves, cinnamon, laurel and anis to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. The MICs were determined on M. tuberculosis H37Rv sensitive to all five firstline antituberculosis drugs (streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pirazinamide), two H37-Rv (CH-8 and CH-15) isoniazid-resistant, two H37Rv (CH-07 and CH-09) rifampicin-resistant, two H37Rv (CH-03 and CH-06) streptomycin-resistant, and two H37Rv (CH-09 and CH-10) ethambutol-resistant using the microplate alamar blue assay. The results obtained showed that the cumin and cinnamon essential oils showed a MIC of 12.5 μg/ml against reference strain H37Rv. The five essential oils used in this study were effective against the isoniazid-resistant variant of H37RV with MIC values in the range 12.5-100 μg/ml, the most potent being the cumin and cin-namon (MIC = 12.5). Similar results were obtained against rifampicin-resistant variant of H37RV with MIC values in the range 12.5-100 μg/ml; the most active ones in this case were the essential oils of cumin and cloves. The essential oils of anis and laurel were active with MIC value to 100 μg/ml. Clove, cumin, and cinnamon essential oils were active against all strains utilized in this study, with MIC values in the range 6.25 μg/ml to 25 μg/ml.
Cite this paper
Sergio, A. , Fabiola, C. , Guadalupe, N. , Blanca, R. and León, H. (2013) Evaluation of antimycobacterium activity of the essential oils of cumin (Cuminum cyminum), clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), laurel (Laurus nobilis) and anis (Pimpinella anisum) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Advances in Biological Chemistry, 3, 480-484. doi: 10.4236/abc.2013.35052.
Sergio, A. , Fabiola, C. , Guadalupe, N. , Blanca, R. and León, H. (2013) Evaluation of antimycobacterium activity of the essential oils of cumin (Cuminum cyminum), clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), laurel (Laurus nobilis) and anis (Pimpinella anisum) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Advances in Biological Chemistry, 3, 480-484. doi: 10.4236/abc.2013.35052.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2269 [3] Franzblau, S.G., De Groote, M.A., Cho, S.H., Andries, K., Nuermberger, E., Orme, I.M., Mdluli, K., Angulo-Barturen, I., Dick, T. and Dartois, V. (2012) Comprehensive analysis of methods used for the evaluations of compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis, 92, 453-488.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2012.07/003. [4] Newman, D.J., Cragg, G.M. and Snader, K.M. (2003) Natural products as sources of new drugs aver the period 1981-2002. Journal of Natural Products, 66, 1022-1037.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np030096l [5] Tekwu, E.M., Askun, T., Kuete, V., Nkengfack, A.E., Nyasse, B., Etoa, F.X. and Beng, V.P. (2012) Antibacterial activity of selected Cameroonian dietary spices ethnomedically used against strainst of Micobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 142, 374-382.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.003 [6] Günther, E. (1948) The essential oils: History and origin in plants production analysis. Krieger Publishing, New York, 235-240. [7] Burt, S.A. (2004) Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—A review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94, 223-253.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022 [8] Celikel, N. and Kavas, G. (2008) Antimicrobial properties of some essential oils against some pathogenic microorganisms. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 26, 174-181. [9] Rasooli, I., Gachkar, L., Yadegari, D., Bagher-Rezaei, M., Taghizadeh, M. and Alipoor-Astaneh, S. (2007) Chemical and biological characteristics of Cuminum cyminum and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils. Food Chemistry, 102, 898-904.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.035 [10] Di Pascua, R., De Feo, V., Villani, F. and Mauriello, G. (2005) In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Mediterranean Apiaceae, Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. Annals of Microbiology, 55, 139-143. [11] Hernández-Ochoa, L., Macias-Castaneda, C.A., NevárezMoorillon, V.G., Salas-Munos, E. and Sandoval-Salas, F. (2012) Antimicrobial activity of chitosan-based films including spices essential oils and functional extract. Journal of Food, 10, 85-91. [12] Iacobellis, N.S., Lo Cantore, P., Capasso, F. and Senatore, F. (2005) Antibacterial activity of Cuminum cyminum L. and Carum carvi L. essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 57-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0487351 [13] Dzamic, A., Sokovic, M., Ristic, M.S., Grijic-Javanovic, S., Vukojevic, J. and Marin, P.D. (2009) Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Illicium verum and Eugenia caryophyllata essential oils. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 45, 259-261.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-009-9283-4 [14] Rajeswara Rao, B.R., Rajput, D.K. and Bhattacharya, A.K. (2007) Essential oil composition of petiole of Cinnamomum verum Bercht and Presl. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 16, 38-41. [15] Pere, C. (2009) Fármacos con actividad frente a Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, 27, 474-480.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2009.06.010 [16] Rhayour, K., Bouchikhi, T., Tantaoui, A., Sendide, K. and Remmal, A. (2003) Themechanism of bactericidal action of oregano and clove essential oils and of their phenolic major components on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 15, 286-292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2003.9712144 [17] Ayoola, G.A., Lawore, F.M., Adelowotan, T., Aibinu, I.E., Adenipekun, E., Coker, H.A.B. and Odugbemi, T.O. (2008) Chemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Syzigium aromaticum (clove). African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2, 162-166. [18] Dorman, H.J.D. and Deans, S.G. (2000) Antimicrobial agents from plants: Antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 88, 308-316.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00969.x
[1] . WHO, Geneva. [2] Camacho-Corona, M., Ramírez-Cabrera, M.A., GonzálezSantiago, O., Garza-González, E., Palacios, I. and LunaHerrera, J. (2008) Activity against Drug Resistant-Tuberculosis strains of plants used in Mexican Traditional Medicine to treat Tuberculosis and other Respiratory Diseases. Phytotherapy Research, 22, 82-85.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2269 [3] Franzblau, S.G., De Groote, M.A., Cho, S.H., Andries, K., Nuermberger, E., Orme, I.M., Mdluli, K., Angulo-Barturen, I., Dick, T. and Dartois, V. (2012) Comprehensive analysis of methods used for the evaluations of compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis, 92, 453-488.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2012.07/003. [4] Newman, D.J., Cragg, G.M. and Snader, K.M. (2003) Natural products as sources of new drugs aver the period 1981-2002. Journal of Natural Products, 66, 1022-1037.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np030096l [5] Tekwu, E.M., Askun, T., Kuete, V., Nkengfack, A.E., Nyasse, B., Etoa, F.X. and Beng, V.P. (2012) Antibacterial activity of selected Cameroonian dietary spices ethnomedically used against strainst of Micobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 142, 374-382.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.003 [6] Günther, E. (1948) The essential oils: History and origin in plants production analysis. Krieger Publishing, New York, 235-240. [7] Burt, S.A. (2004) Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—A review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94, 223-253.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022 [8] Celikel, N. and Kavas, G. (2008) Antimicrobial properties of some essential oils against some pathogenic microorganisms. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 26, 174-181. [9] Rasooli, I., Gachkar, L., Yadegari, D., Bagher-Rezaei, M., Taghizadeh, M. and Alipoor-Astaneh, S. (2007) Chemical and biological characteristics of Cuminum cyminum and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils. Food Chemistry, 102, 898-904.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.035 [10] Di Pascua, R., De Feo, V., Villani, F. and Mauriello, G. (2005) In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Mediterranean Apiaceae, Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. Annals of Microbiology, 55, 139-143. [11] Hernández-Ochoa, L., Macias-Castaneda, C.A., NevárezMoorillon, V.G., Salas-Munos, E. and Sandoval-Salas, F. (2012) Antimicrobial activity of chitosan-based films including spices essential oils and functional extract. Journal of Food, 10, 85-91. [12] Iacobellis, N.S., Lo Cantore, P., Capasso, F. and Senatore, F. (2005) Antibacterial activity of Cuminum cyminum L. and Carum carvi L. essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 57-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0487351 [13] Dzamic, A., Sokovic, M., Ristic, M.S., Grijic-Javanovic, S., Vukojevic, J. and Marin, P.D. (2009) Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Illicium verum and Eugenia caryophyllata essential oils. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 45, 259-261.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-009-9283-4 [14] Rajeswara Rao, B.R., Rajput, D.K. and Bhattacharya, A.K. (2007) Essential oil composition of petiole of Cinnamomum verum Bercht and Presl. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 16, 38-41. [15] Pere, C. (2009) Fármacos con actividad frente a Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, 27, 474-480.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2009.06.010 [16] Rhayour, K., Bouchikhi, T., Tantaoui, A., Sendide, K. and Remmal, A. (2003) Themechanism of bactericidal action of oregano and clove essential oils and of their phenolic major components on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 15, 286-292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2003.9712144 [17] Ayoola, G.A., Lawore, F.M., Adelowotan, T., Aibinu, I.E., Adenipekun, E., Coker, H.A.B. and Odugbemi, T.O. (2008) Chemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Syzigium aromaticum (clove). African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2, 162-166. [18] Dorman, H.J.D. and Deans, S.G. (2000) Antimicrobial agents from plants: Antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 88, 308-316.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00969.x