Assessment of debris flow magnitude in small catchments of the lombardy alps: the val gola case study
ABSTRACT
Debris flows are among the most destructive of all water-related disasters. They mainly affect mountain areas in a wide range of morpho- climatic environments. Therefore, accurate pre-diction of their run out distances, magnitudes and velocities plays a role of paramount impor-tance, in order to plan and design appropriate structural and non-structural defence measures. In this context, a number of Authors have de-veloped methods feasible to evaluate the ten-dency of a catchment to generate debris flow, without giving an estimation of the magnitude. Other empirical procedures are based on the analysis of historical series of debris flow, oc-curred in similar environments, to assess the relationship between the catchment character-istics and the maximum movable debris vol-umes. In this paper, and with reference to Val Gola—a small catchment in the North-East Lom- bardy where debris flows frequently occur—a number of methods, belonging to each of the above mentioned categories, have been briefly reviewed and applied in order to evaluate their effectiveness and consistency.
Debris flows are among the most destructive of all water-related disasters. They mainly affect mountain areas in a wide range of morpho- climatic environments. Therefore, accurate pre-diction of their run out distances, magnitudes and velocities plays a role of paramount impor-tance, in order to plan and design appropriate structural and non-structural defence measures. In this context, a number of Authors have de-veloped methods feasible to evaluate the ten-dency of a catchment to generate debris flow, without giving an estimation of the magnitude. Other empirical procedures are based on the analysis of historical series of debris flow, oc-curred in similar environments, to assess the relationship between the catchment character-istics and the maximum movable debris vol-umes. In this paper, and with reference to Val Gola—a small catchment in the North-East Lom- bardy where debris flows frequently occur—a number of methods, belonging to each of the above mentioned categories, have been briefly reviewed and applied in order to evaluate their effectiveness and consistency.
Cite this paper
nullWrachien, D. and Mambretti, S. (2011) Assessment of debris flow magnitude in small catchments of the lombardy alps: the val gola case study. Agricultural Sciences, 2, 9-15. doi: 10.4236/as.2011.21002.
nullWrachien, D. and Mambretti, S. (2011) Assessment of debris flow magnitude in small catchments of the lombardy alps: the val gola case study. Agricultural Sciences, 2, 9-15. doi: 10.4236/as.2011.21002.
References
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(2004) Estimation of debris-flow magnitude in the Eastern Italian Alps. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 207-220. doi:10.1002/esp.1027 [13] Bianco, G. and Franzi, L. (2000) Estimation of debris flow volumes from storm events. Proceedings of Debris Flow Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment, Taipei, Taiwan, 441-448. [14] Bottino, G., Crivellari, R. and Mandrone, G. (1996) Eventi pluviometrici critici e dissesti: Individuazione delle soglie d’innesco di colate detritiche nell’anfiteatro morenico di Ivrea. Proceedings of La prevenzione delle catastrofi idrogeologiche: il contributo alla ricerca scien- tifica, Alba (Torino), 201-210. [15] Takahashi, T., Sawada, T., Suwa, H., Mizuyama, T., Mizuhara, K., Wu, J., Tang, B., Kang, Z., Zhou, B. (1994) Japan-China joint research on the prevention from debris flow hazards. Research Report, Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, International Scientific Research Program, No. 03044085. [16] Kronfellner-Kraus, G. 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(1962) Handbuch des Wasserbaues, Springer, Wien (in German). [26] Marchi, L. and D’Agostino, V. (2004) Estimation of debris flow magnitude in the eastern Italian Alps. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 207-220. doi:10.1002/esp.1027 [27] Ghilardi, F., Ghilardi, S. and Mambretti, S. (2006) Studio di dettaglio della conoide della Val Gola in comune di Costa Volpino Relazione Tecnica (in Italian). [28] Chen, J.C. and Jan, C.D. (2000) Debris flow occurrence probability on hillslopes. Proceedings of Debris Flow Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment, Balkema, Rotterdam. [29] Montgomery, D.R and Dietrich, W.E. (1994) A physically based model for the topographic control on shallow landsliding. Water Resources Research, 30, 1153-1171. doi:10.1029/93WR02979
[1] Zimmerman, M., Mani, P. and Romang, H. (1997) Magnitude-frequency aspects of alpine debris flow. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 90, 415-420. [2] Rickenmann, D. (1999) Empirical relationships for debris flows. Natural Hazards, 19, 47-77. doi:10.1023/A:1008064220727 [3] Marchi, L., Arattano, M. and Deganutti, A.M. (2002) Ten years of debris-flow monitoring in the Moscardo Torrent (Italian Alps). Geomorphology, 46, 1-17. doi:10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00162-3 [4] Melton, M.A. (1965) The geomorphic and paleoclimatic significance of alluvial deposits in Southern Arizona. Journal of Geology, 73, 1-38. doi:10.1086/627044 [5] Aulitzky, H. (1980) Preliminary two—fold classification of torrents. Proceedings of International Symposium, Austria, 285-310. [6] Nakamura, J. (1980) Investigation manual on prediction of occurence od Dosekiryu [debris flow] delineation of sangerous zone affected by Dosekiryu and arrangement of warning and evacuation system in mountain torrents in Japan. Proceedings of International Symposium, Austria, 41-81. [7] Hungr, O. (1995) A model for the runout analysis of rapid flow slides. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 32, 610-623. doi:10.1139/t95-063 [8] Hampel, R. (1977) Geschiebewirtschaft in Wildb?chen [sediment budget of torrents]. Wildbach-und Lawinen- verbau, 41, 3-34 (in German). [9] Marchi, L. and Tecca, P.R. (1996) Magnitudo delle colate detritiche nelle Alpi Orientali. Italiane Geoin- gegneria Ambientale e Mineraria, 33, 79-86. (in Italian). [10] D’Agostino, V. (1996) Analisi quantitativa del trasporto solido torrentizio nei bacini montani del Trentino Orientale in “Scritti dedicati a Giovanni Tournon”. Associazione italiana di Ingegneria agraria—Associa- zione Idrotecnica Italiana, Novara (Italy), 111-123 (in Italian). [11] D’Agostino, V., Cerato, M. and Coali, R. (1996) Extreme events of sediment transport in the eastern Trentino torrents. Atti del Convegno Interpraevent, 1, 377-386. [12] D’Agostino, V. and Marchi, L. (2004) Estimation of debris-flow magnitude in the Eastern Italian Alps. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 207-220. doi:10.1002/esp.1027 [13] Bianco, G. and Franzi, L. (2000) Estimation of debris flow volumes from storm events. Proceedings of Debris Flow Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment, Taipei, Taiwan, 441-448. [14] Bottino, G., Crivellari, R. and Mandrone, G. (1996) Eventi pluviometrici critici e dissesti: Individuazione delle soglie d’innesco di colate detritiche nell’anfiteatro morenico di Ivrea. Proceedings of La prevenzione delle catastrofi idrogeologiche: il contributo alla ricerca scien- tifica, Alba (Torino), 201-210. [15] Takahashi, T., Sawada, T., Suwa, H., Mizuyama, T., Mizuhara, K., Wu, J., Tang, B., Kang, Z., Zhou, B. (1994) Japan-China joint research on the prevention from debris flow hazards. Research Report, Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, International Scientific Research Program, No. 03044085. [16] Kronfellner-Kraus, G. (1984) Extreme feststofffrachten und grabenbildungen von wildb?chen [extreme sediment loads and erosion of torrents]. Proceedings of International Symposium Interpraevent, Villach, Austria, 2, 109-118 (in German). [17] Tropeano, D. and Turconi, L. (1999) Valutazione del potenziale detritico in piccoli bacini delle Alpi Occidentali e Centrali. CNR-IRPI/GNDCI, Pubbl. n. 2058 Linea 1, 151. [18] Johnson, P.A., McCuen, R.H. and Hromadka, T.V. (1990) Magnitude and frequency of debris flow. Journal of Hydrology, 123, 69-82. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(91)90069-T [19] Meunier, M., Rickenmann, D. and Rahuel, J.L. (2000) Workshop 3—torrential hazard—general in “risques naturel en montagne”. In: Gillet, F. and Zanolini, F., Eds., Cemagref Editions, France, 329-333. [20] Ceriani, M., Fossati, D. and Quattrini, S. (1998) Valutazione della pericolosità idrogeologica sulle conoidi alpine; esempio della metodologia di Aulitzky applicata alla conoide del torrente Re di Gianico-Valcamonica (Bs) —Alpi Centrali. Atti del XXVI Convegno di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche, Catania (in Italian). [21] Armanini, A. (1996) Colate di detrito. Rapporti di lavoro dell’Istituto Geologico della Repubblica Italiana e del Cantone del Ticino (in Italian). [22] Soil Conservation Service Hydrology National Engineering Handbook (1956) Section 4, Washington D.C., U.S.A. [23] Wooding, R.A. (1965) A hydraulic model for the catchment stream problem. Kinematic wave theory. Journal of Hydrology, 3, 254-267. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(65)90084-3 [24] Mignosa, P. (1989) Sui problemi di dimensionamento delle reti di drenaggio urbano. Dissertazione per il conseguimento del titolo di Dottore di Ricerca, Istituto di Idraulica, Politecnico di Milano (in Italian). [25] Schoklitsch, A. (1962) Handbuch des Wasserbaues, Springer, Wien (in German). [26] Marchi, L. and D’Agostino, V. (2004) Estimation of debris flow magnitude in the eastern Italian Alps. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 207-220. doi:10.1002/esp.1027 [27] Ghilardi, F., Ghilardi, S. and Mambretti, S. (2006) Studio di dettaglio della conoide della Val Gola in comune di Costa Volpino Relazione Tecnica (in Italian). [28] Chen, J.C. and Jan, C.D. (2000) Debris flow occurrence probability on hillslopes. Proceedings of Debris Flow Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment, Balkema, Rotterdam. [29] Montgomery, D.R and Dietrich, W.E. (1994) A physically based model for the topographic control on shallow landsliding. Water Resources Research, 30, 1153-1171. doi:10.1029/93WR02979