Back
 EPE  Vol.5 No.8 , October 2013
Numerical Study on the Hydrogen Fueled SI Engine Combustion Optimization through a Combined Operation of DI and PFI Strategies
Medhat Elkelawy, Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi
Show more
Abstract: As the practicability of a hydrogen-fueled economy emerges, intermediate technologies would be necessary for the transition between hydrocarbon fueled internal combustion engines and hydrogen powered fuel cells. In the present study, the hydrogen engine efficiency and the load control are the two main parameters that will be improved by using the combined operation of in-cylinder direct fuel injection (DI) and port fuel injection (PFI) strategies to obtain maximum engine power outputs with acceptable efficiency equivalent to gasoline engines. Wide open throttle (WOT) operation has been used to take advantage of the associated increase in engine efficiency, in which the loads have been regulated with mixture richness (qualitative control) instead of volumetric efficiency (quantitative control). The capabilities of a 3D-CFD code have been developed and employed to simulate the whole engine physicochemical process which includes the hydrogen injection through the intake manifold (PFI) and/or the hydrogen DI in the engine compression stroke. Conditions with simulated PFI, PFI + DI and DI have been analyzed to study the effects of mixture preparation behaviors on the hydrogen ignition and its flame propagation inside the engine combustion chamber. Numerically, the CFD code has been intensively validated against experimental engine data which provided remarkable agreement in terms of in-cylinder pressure history evaluation.
Keywords: Hydrogen Fuel; SI Engine; Port Fuel Injection; Direct Injection; Wide Open Throttle; Kiva-3vr2
Cite this paper: M. Elkelawy and H. Bastawissi, "Numerical Study on the Hydrogen Fueled SI Engine Combustion Optimization through a Combined Operation of DI and PFI Strategies," Energy and Power Engineering, Vol. 5 No. 8, 2013, pp. 513-522. doi: 10.4236/epe.2013.58056.
References

[1]   S. Verhelst, R. Sierens and S. Verstraeten, “A Critical Review of Experimental Research on Hydrogen Fueled SI Engines,” SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0430, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), USA, 2006.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0430

[2]   M. K. Mahesh, Neelu, C. Prakash and G. Viswanathan, “Review of Fuel Induction Technologies for Automotive Hydrogen Propulsion,” SAE Technical Paper 2005-26350, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), USA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-26-350

[3]   A. M. Nande, T. Wallner and J. Naber, “Influence of Water Injection on Performance and Emissions of a Direct-Injection Hydrogen Research Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-2377, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), USA, 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2377

[4]   J. R. Smith, S. Aceves and P. Van Blarigan, “Series Hybrid Vehicles and Optimized Hydrogen Engine Design,” SAE Technical Paper 951955, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), USA, 1995.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/951955

[5]   H. S. Yi, K. Min and E. S. Kim, “The Optimised Mixture Formation for Hydrogen Fuelled Engines,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 25, No. 7, 2000, pp. 685-690.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3199(99)00082-8

[6]   D. Messner, A. Wimmer, U. Gerke and F. Gerbig, “Application and Validation of the 3D CFD Method for a Hydrogen Fueled IC Engine with Internal Mixture Formation,” SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0448, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), USA, 2006.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0448

[7]   A. Wimmer, T. Wallner, J. Ringler and F. Gerbig, “H2Direct Injection—A Highly Promising Combustion Concept,” SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0108, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), USA, 2005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0108

[8]   H. Rottengruber, M. Berckmüller, G. Elsasser, N. Brehm, et al., “Direct-Injection Hydrogen SI-Engine—Operation Strategy and Power Density Potentials,” SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-2927, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), USA, 2004.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-2927

[9]   H. Rottengruber, et al., “A High-Efficient Combustion Concept for Direct Injection Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine,” 15th World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Yokohama, 27 June-2 July 2004.

[10]   W. Peschka and W. Escher, “Germany’s Contribution to the Demonstrated Technical Feasibility of the LiquidHydrogen Fueled Passenger Automobile,” SAE Technical Paper 931812, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), USA, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/931812

[11]   S. Verhelst and T. Wallner, “Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines,” Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 35, No. 6, 2009, pp. 490-527.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2009.08.001

[12]   S. Toshio, “Improving Thermal Efficiency by Reducing Cooling Losses in Hydrogen Combustion Engines,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 32, No. 17, 2007, pp. 4285-4293.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.06.002

[13]   A. A. Amsden, P. J. O’Rourke and T. D. Butler, “KIVAII: A Computer Program for Chemically Reactive Flows with Sprays,” Los Alamos National Laboratory Report 1989.

[14]   A. A. Amsden, “KIVA-3V: A Block-Structured KIVA Program for Engines with Vertical or Canted Valves,” Los Alamos National Laboratory Report, 1997.

[15]   Orbital Engine Company (Australia) Pty Ltd, “Orbital Project: UTP001. OCP UTP Single Cylinder Research Engine,” Orbital Engine Company, Australia, 2004.

 
 
Top