Model of Multi-Source Nanonetworks for the Detection of BRCA1 DNA Alterations Based on LSPR Phenomenon
Affiliation(s)
Department of Engineering, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Informatica, Modellistica (DIMES), Elettronica e Sistemistica, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy. Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, delle Infrastrutture e dell’Energia Sostenibile (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
Department of Engineering, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Informatica, Modellistica (DIMES), Elettronica e Sistemistica, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy. Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, delle Infrastrutture e dell’Energia Sostenibile (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present a multi-source nanonetwork model for biomedical diagnosis applications, based on the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance by different shape gold nanoparticles (i.e., cylinder, cube, and rod). We present the process of multi-source emission, diffusion, and reception of nanoparticles, based on the ligand/receptor binding. Then, a multi-detection process of DNA alterations is accomplished when nanoparticles are captured at the receiver. The colloidal particles are selectively functionalized with specific splice junctions of gene sequences to reveal simultaneously different alteration that could be associated to an early disease condition. Particularly, full-wave simulations have been carried out for the multi-detection of alternative splice junctions of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1. The proposed application is verified through numerical results and expressed in terms of Extinction-Cross Section, in the case of synchronous and asynchronous nanoparticles detection. We show that the proposed approach is able to detect DNA alterations, based on a selective nanoparticle reception process.
Cite this paper
Iovine, R. , Loscrí, V. , Pizzi, S. , Tarparelli, R. and Vegni, A. (2013) Model of Multi-Source Nanonetworks for the Detection of BRCA1 DNA Alterations Based on LSPR Phenomenon. Advances in Nanoparticles, 2, 301-312. doi: 10.4236/anp.2013.24041.
Iovine, R. , Loscrí, V. , Pizzi, S. , Tarparelli, R. and Vegni, A. (2013) Model of Multi-Source Nanonetworks for the Detection of BRCA1 DNA Alterations Based on LSPR Phenomenon. Advances in Nanoparticles, 2, 301-312. doi: 10.4236/anp.2013.24041.
References
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[1] I. F. Akyildiz and J. M. Jornet, “Electromagnetic Wireless Nanosensor Networks,” Nano Communication Networks Elsevier Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2010, pp. 3-19.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2010.04.001 [2] X. Wang, X. Lou, Y. Wang, Q. Guo, Z. Fang, X. Zhong, H. Mao, Q. Jin, L. Wu, H. Zhao and J. Zhao, “QDs-DNA Nanosensor for the Detection of Hepatitis b Virus DNA and the Single-Base Mutants,” Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol. 25, No. 8, 2010, pp. 1934-1940.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2010.01.007 [3] A. Abraham, R. Kannangai and G. Sridharan, “Nanotechnology: A New Frontier in Virus Detection in Clinical Practice,” Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol. 26, No. 4, 2008, pp. 297-301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.43551 [4] V. Loscri, E. Natalizio, V. Mannara and G. Aloi, “A Novel Communication Technique for Nanobots Based on Acoustic Signals,” In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information, and Computing Systems, ser. Bionetics’12, ICST, ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering), Brussels, 2012. [5] L. La Spada, R. Iovine and L. Vegni, “Nanoparticle Electromagnetic Properties for Sensing Applications,” Advances in Nanoparticles, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2012, pp. 9-14.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/anp.2012.12002 [6] X. Qian, X. H. Peng, D. O. Ansari, Q. Yin-Goen, G. Z. Chen, D. M. Shin, L. Yang, A. N. Young, M. D. Wang and S. Nie, “In Vivo Tumor Targeting and Spectroscopic Detection with Surface-Enhanced Raman Nanoparticle Tags,” Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2008, pp. 83-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1377 [7] J. Gao, X. Chen and Z. Cheng, “Near-Infrared Quantum Dots as Optical Probes for Tumor Imaging,” Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 10, No. 12, 2010, pp. 1147-1157.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802610791384162 [8] S. Lian, P. Zhang, P. Gong, D. Hu, B. Shi, C. Zeng and L. Cai, “A Universal Quantum Dots-Aptamer Probe for Efficient Cancer Detection and Targeted Imaging,” Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 12, No. 10, 2012, pp. 7703-7708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2012.6622 [9] C. Wang, X. Gao and X. Su, “In Vitro and in Vivo Imaging with Quantum Dots,” Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 397, No. 4, 2010, pp. 1397-1415.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3481-6 [10] J. Jornet and I. Akyildiz, “Graphene-Based Nano-Antennas for Electromagnetic Nanocommunications in the Terahertz Band,” 2010 Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Barcelona, 12-16 April 2010, pp. 1-5. [11] G. W. Hanson, “Fundamental Transmitting Properties of Carbon Nanotube Antennas,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 11, 2005, pp. 3426-3435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2005.858865 [12] B. Atakan and O. Akan, “Carbon Nanotube-Based Nanoscale Ad Hoc Networks,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 48, No. 6, 2010, pp. 129-135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2010.5473874 [13] NAD, “Nanoparticles and Nanotechnologies in Medicine,” 2013. http://www.nadproject.eu/ [14] NANO3T. https://projects.imec.be/nano3t/ [15] PANOPTES. http://www.panoptesfp7.eu/ [16] I. F. Akyildiz, J. M. Jornet and M. Pierobon, “Nanonetworks: A New Frontier in Communications,” Communications of the ACM, Vol. 54, No. 11, 2011, pp. 84-89.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2018396.2018417 [17] M. Pierobon and I. Akyildiz, “A Physical End-to-End Model for Molecular Communication in Nanonetworks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2010, pp. 602-611. [18] B. Atakan, O. Akan and S. Balasubramaniam, “Body Area Nanonetworks with Molecular Communications in Nanomedicine,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2012, pp. 28-34.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2012.6122529 [19] B. Atakan, S. Galmes and O. Akan, “Nanoscale Communication with Molecular Arrays in Nanonetworks,” IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2012, pp. 149-160.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2011.2181862 [20] T. Kobayashi, “Cancer Hyperthermia Using Magnetic Nanoparticles,” Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 6, No. 11, 2011, pp. 1342-1347.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biot.201100045 [21] L. Kadouri, A. Hubert, Y. Rotenberg, T. Hamburger, M. Sagi, C. Nechushtan, D. Abeliovich and T. Peretz, “Cancer Risks in Carriers of the BRCA1/2 Ashkenazi Founder Mutations,” Journal of Medical Genetics, Vol. 44, No. 7, 2007, pp. 467-471.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2006.048173 [22] D. Thompson, D. Easton and B. C. L. Consortium, “Cancer Incidence in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 94, No. 18, 2002, pp. 1358-1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/94.18.1358 [23] L. Sun, C. Yu and J. Irudayaraj, “Raman Multiplexers for Alternative Gene Splicing,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 80, No. 9, 2008, pp. 3342-3349.
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ac702542n [24] M. A. Islam and H. Buschatz, “Mathematical Formulations of the Basic Diffusion Equation: A Discussion,” BRAC University Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2004, pp. 99-107. [25] E. Eckert and R. Drake, “Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer,” McGraw-Hill, New York, 1972. [26] Y. Ali and L. Zhang, “Relativistic Heat Conduction,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 48, No. 12, 2005, pp. 2397-2406.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.02.003 [27] A. Cavalcanti, B. Shirinzade, R. A. Freitas Jr. and T. Hogg, “Nanorobot Architecture for Medical Target Identification,” Nanotechnology, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2008, Article ID: 015103. [28] K.-S. Lee and M. El-Sayed, “Gold and Silver Nanoparticles in Sensing and Imaging: Sensitivity of Plasmon Response to Size, Shape, and Metal Composition,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, No. 39, 2006, pp. 19220-19225. [29] A. Sihvola, “Electromagnetic Mixing Formulas and Applications,” T. I. of Engineering and Technology, London, 2008. [30] B. Gupta, W. Rouesnel, I. Y. Goon, R. Amal and J. J. Gooding, “DNA Hybridization for Nanocube Functionalization,” International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICONN), Sydney, 22-26 Febraury 2010, pp. 166-170. [31] I. E. Sendroiu, M. E. Warner and R. M. Corn, “Fabrication of Silica-Coated Gold Nanorods Functionalized with DNA for Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Biosensing Applications,” Langmur, Vol. 25, No. 19, 2009, pp. 11282-11284. [32] CST, “Microwave Studio 2012, Computer Simulation Technology,” 2012. www.cst.com [33] P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, “Optical Constants of the Noble Metals,” Physical Review B, Vol. 6, No. 12, 1972, pp. 4370-4379. [34] P. K. Jain, K. S. Lee, I. H. El-Sayed and A. El-Sayed, “Calculated Absorption and Scattering Properties of Gold Nanoparticles of Different Size, Shape, and Composition: Applications in Biological Imaging and Biomedicine,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, No. 14, 2006, pp. 7238-7248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp057170o