Effect of flunixin meglumine alone and in combination on haemodynamics during bovine endotoxic shock and after treatment
ABSTRACT
To investigate the effect of Flunixin meglumine- a NSAID; alone and in combination with hypertonic saline on endotoxemic buffalo calves, two groups of five apparently healthy male buffalo calves aged be-tween 6-8 months were subjected to I.V. infusion of E.coli endotoxin at the rate of 5μg/kg BW per hour for 3 hours. A highly significant (P < 0.01) fall in mean systolic,diastolic, pulse, mean arterial pressure (M.A.P), central venous pressure (C.V.P) and haemo-globin was observed till the end of endotoxin infusion while respiratory rate was significantly elevated along with a non-significant alteration in rectal tem-perature and hematocrit during the infusion of en-dotoxin. Immediately at the end of endotoxin infusion, flunixin meglumine at the rate of 1.1 mg/kg B.W was infused i.v. in group-I animals and group-II animals were infused with hypertonic saline solution (H.S.S.) at the rate of 4 ml/Kg BW as one time infusion fol-lowed by flunixin meglumine at the rate of 1.1 mg/kg B.W which resulted in increase of various parameters either to normal or very close to normal value while the rectal temperature and haematocrit decreased non-significantly throughout the observation period of 7 hours. No improvement in Hb and respiration was observed consequent to FM administration. Both treatments successfully raised systolic, diastolic, pulse pressure, C.V.P & M.A.P to normal pre-infusion val-ues. From the results of the present investigation, it can be concluded that i.v. infusion of FM alone and in combination with hypertonic saline solution in en-dotoxemic buffalo calves effectively restores the various hemodynamic parameters close to normal pre-infusion values and it can be used as immediate resuscitation measure to provide the clinician valu-able time to plan further long term treatment.
To investigate the effect of Flunixin meglumine- a NSAID; alone and in combination with hypertonic saline on endotoxemic buffalo calves, two groups of five apparently healthy male buffalo calves aged be-tween 6-8 months were subjected to I.V. infusion of E.coli endotoxin at the rate of 5μg/kg BW per hour for 3 hours. A highly significant (P < 0.01) fall in mean systolic,diastolic, pulse, mean arterial pressure (M.A.P), central venous pressure (C.V.P) and haemo-globin was observed till the end of endotoxin infusion while respiratory rate was significantly elevated along with a non-significant alteration in rectal tem-perature and hematocrit during the infusion of en-dotoxin. Immediately at the end of endotoxin infusion, flunixin meglumine at the rate of 1.1 mg/kg B.W was infused i.v. in group-I animals and group-II animals were infused with hypertonic saline solution (H.S.S.) at the rate of 4 ml/Kg BW as one time infusion fol-lowed by flunixin meglumine at the rate of 1.1 mg/kg B.W which resulted in increase of various parameters either to normal or very close to normal value while the rectal temperature and haematocrit decreased non-significantly throughout the observation period of 7 hours. No improvement in Hb and respiration was observed consequent to FM administration. Both treatments successfully raised systolic, diastolic, pulse pressure, C.V.P & M.A.P to normal pre-infusion val-ues. From the results of the present investigation, it can be concluded that i.v. infusion of FM alone and in combination with hypertonic saline solution in en-dotoxemic buffalo calves effectively restores the various hemodynamic parameters close to normal pre-infusion values and it can be used as immediate resuscitation measure to provide the clinician valu-able time to plan further long term treatment.
Cite this paper
nullSingh, D. , Bansal, S. and Ghumman, G. (2011) Effect of flunixin meglumine alone and in combination on haemodynamics during bovine endotoxic shock and after treatment. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 4, 29-33. doi: 10.4236/jbise.2011.41004.
nullSingh, D. , Bansal, S. and Ghumman, G. (2011) Effect of flunixin meglumine alone and in combination on haemodynamics during bovine endotoxic shock and after treatment. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 4, 29-33. doi: 10.4236/jbise.2011.41004.
References
[1] Semrad, S.D. (1993) Comparative efficiency of flunixin, ketoprofen and ketorolac for treating endotoxemine neonatal calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 54, 1511-1516. [2] Ng, S.W., Zhang, H., Hedge, A. and Bhatia, M. (2008) Role of preprotachykinin—A gene products on multiple organ injury in LPS- induced endotoxemia. Journal of leucocyte Biology, 83, 288-95. [3] Singh, D.V., Singh, R.V. and Sodhi, S.P.S. (2002) Effect of HSS on haemodynamics of endotoxemic buffalo calves. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 72, 1083- 1086. [4] Dacie, J.V. and Lewis, S.M. (1975) Practical hematology. 5th Edition, Churchill Livingstone, London. [5] Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1976) Statistical methods. Iowa State College Printing Press, Iowa, USA. [6] Singh, D.V., Singh, R.V. and Sodhi, S.P.S (2005) Effect of blood transfusion in combination with Dextran-40 and hypertonic Saline Solution on cardiopulmonary haemodynamics of endotoxic shock in buffalo calves. Veterinary Research Communication, 29, 421-430. doi:10.1007/s11259-005-1434-x [7] Singh, K., Krishnamurthy, D. and Peskin, P.K. (1997) Endotoxin shock with and without dexamethasone pre- treatment in anaesthetized buffalo calves. II. Indian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, 18, 8-11. [8] Margolis, J.H., Buttons, G.D. and Fessler, J.F. (1987). The efficacy of dexamethasone and flunixin meglumine in treating endotoxin induced changes in calf. Veterinary Research Communications, 11, 479-491. doi:10.1007/BF00380630 [9] Jean, G.S., Constable, P.D., and Yvorchok, M. (1993) The clinical use of hypertonic saline solution in food animals with haemorrhagic and endotoxic shock. Agricultural Practice, 14, 6-11. [10] Olson, N.C., Hellyer, P.W. and Dodam, J.R. (1995) Mediators and vascular effects in response to endotoxin. British Veterinary Journal, 151, 489-521. doi:10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80023-5 [11] Sobti, V.K., Mirakhur, K.K., Krishnamurthy, D. and Nigam, J.M. (1981) Ringer’s lactate and homologous blood transfusion in hemorrhagic shock in buffalo calves. Indian journal of experimental Biology, 19, 371-374. [12] Singh, J. (1979). An investigation into Patho-Physiology and treatment of shock in bovines, Ph.D. dissertation, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. [13] Constable, P.D., Schmall, M., Muir, W.W., Hoffsis, G.F. and Shertel, E.R. (1991) Haemodynamic response of endotoxemic calves to treatment with small volume HSS. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 52, 981-989. [14] Dupe, R., Bywater, R.J. and Goddard, M. (1993) A hypertonic saline infusion in treatment of experimental shock in calves and clinical shock in dogs and cats. Veterinary Record, 133, 585-590. [15] Constable, P.D., Gohar, H.M., Morin, D.E. and Thurmon J.C. (1996). Use of hypertonic saline- dextrin solution to resuscitate hypovolemic calves with diarrhoea. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 57, 97-104. [16] Kopcha, M. and Ahl, A.S. (1989) Experimental use of flunixin meglumine and phenyl butazone in food producing animals. Journal of American Veterinary Research Communications, 11, 479-491.
[1] Semrad, S.D. (1993) Comparative efficiency of flunixin, ketoprofen and ketorolac for treating endotoxemine neonatal calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 54, 1511-1516. [2] Ng, S.W., Zhang, H., Hedge, A. and Bhatia, M. (2008) Role of preprotachykinin—A gene products on multiple organ injury in LPS- induced endotoxemia. Journal of leucocyte Biology, 83, 288-95. [3] Singh, D.V., Singh, R.V. and Sodhi, S.P.S. (2002) Effect of HSS on haemodynamics of endotoxemic buffalo calves. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 72, 1083- 1086. [4] Dacie, J.V. and Lewis, S.M. (1975) Practical hematology. 5th Edition, Churchill Livingstone, London. [5] Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1976) Statistical methods. Iowa State College Printing Press, Iowa, USA. [6] Singh, D.V., Singh, R.V. and Sodhi, S.P.S (2005) Effect of blood transfusion in combination with Dextran-40 and hypertonic Saline Solution on cardiopulmonary haemodynamics of endotoxic shock in buffalo calves. Veterinary Research Communication, 29, 421-430. doi:10.1007/s11259-005-1434-x [7] Singh, K., Krishnamurthy, D. and Peskin, P.K. (1997) Endotoxin shock with and without dexamethasone pre- treatment in anaesthetized buffalo calves. II. Indian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, 18, 8-11. [8] Margolis, J.H., Buttons, G.D. and Fessler, J.F. (1987). The efficacy of dexamethasone and flunixin meglumine in treating endotoxin induced changes in calf. Veterinary Research Communications, 11, 479-491. doi:10.1007/BF00380630 [9] Jean, G.S., Constable, P.D., and Yvorchok, M. (1993) The clinical use of hypertonic saline solution in food animals with haemorrhagic and endotoxic shock. Agricultural Practice, 14, 6-11. [10] Olson, N.C., Hellyer, P.W. and Dodam, J.R. (1995) Mediators and vascular effects in response to endotoxin. British Veterinary Journal, 151, 489-521. doi:10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80023-5 [11] Sobti, V.K., Mirakhur, K.K., Krishnamurthy, D. and Nigam, J.M. (1981) Ringer’s lactate and homologous blood transfusion in hemorrhagic shock in buffalo calves. Indian journal of experimental Biology, 19, 371-374. [12] Singh, J. (1979). An investigation into Patho-Physiology and treatment of shock in bovines, Ph.D. dissertation, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. [13] Constable, P.D., Schmall, M., Muir, W.W., Hoffsis, G.F. and Shertel, E.R. (1991) Haemodynamic response of endotoxemic calves to treatment with small volume HSS. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 52, 981-989. [14] Dupe, R., Bywater, R.J. and Goddard, M. (1993) A hypertonic saline infusion in treatment of experimental shock in calves and clinical shock in dogs and cats. Veterinary Record, 133, 585-590. [15] Constable, P.D., Gohar, H.M., Morin, D.E. and Thurmon J.C. (1996). Use of hypertonic saline- dextrin solution to resuscitate hypovolemic calves with diarrhoea. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 57, 97-104. [16] Kopcha, M. and Ahl, A.S. (1989) Experimental use of flunixin meglumine and phenyl butazone in food producing animals. Journal of American Veterinary Research Communications, 11, 479-491.