Pablo Briff^*, Leonardo Rey Vega, Ariel Lutenberg, Fabian Vargas

Show more
Embedded Systems Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Signal Processing and Communications Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Signals and Systems for Computing Group, Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University, PUCRS, Brazil.
Show less

Abstract: In this work we find a lower bound on the energy required for synchronizing moving sensor nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) affected by large-scale fading, based on clock estimation techniques. The energy required for synchronizing a WSN within a desired estimation error level is specified by both the transmit power and the required number of messages. In this paper we extend our previous work introducing nodes’ movement and the average message delay in the total energy, including a comprehensive analysis on how the distance between nodes impacts on the energy and synchronization quality trade-off under large-scale fading effects.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks; Clock Offset Estimation; Time Synchronization; Wireless Channel Fading; Moving Targets

Cite this paper: Briff, P. , Vega, L. , Lutenberg, A. and Vargas, F. (2013) On the Trade-off between Power Consumption and Time Synchronization Quality for Moving Targets under Large-Scale Fading Effects in Wireless Sensor Networks. Communications and Network, 5, 498-503. doi: 10.4236/cn.2013.53B2091.

References

[1]   A. Swami, Q. Zhao, Y. Hong and L. Tong, “Wireless Sensor Networks, Signal Processing and Communications Perspectives,” John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2007, pp. 9-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470061794

[2]   F. Ren, C. Lin and F. Liu, “Self-Correcting Time Synchronization Using Reference Broadcast in Wireless Sensor Network,” IEEE Wireless Communications, 2008.

[3]   L. Schenato and G. Gamba, “A Distributed Consensus PROTOCOL for Clock Synchronization in Wireless Sensor network,” Proceedings of the 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, New Orleans, 2007.

[4]   T. Locher, P. Von Rickenbach and R. Wattenhofer, “Sensor Networks Continue to Puzzle: Selected Open Problems,” Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77444-0_3

[5]   P. Briff, F. Vargas, A. Lutenberg and L. Rey Vega, “On the Trade-Off of Power Consumption and Time Synchroni-zation Quality in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proceed-ings of the 11th IEEE Conference on Sensors, Taipei, 2012, pp. 1927-1930.

[6]   J. Elson, L. Girod and D. Estrin, “Fine-Grained Network Time Synchronization Using Reference Broadcasts,” Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, Boston, 2002.

[7]   S. Ganeriwal, R. Kumar and M. Srivastava, “Timing-Sync Protocol for Sensor Networks,” SenSys ’03, Los Angeles, 2003.

[8]   K. Noh, E. Serpedin and K. Qaraqe, “A New Approach for Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks: Pairwise Broadcast Synchronization,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 7, No. 9, 2008.

[9]   E. Serpedin and Q. Chaudhari, “Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks: Parameter Estimation, Performance Benchmarks, and Protocols,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511627194

[10]   Q. Chaudhari, E. Serpedin and K. Qaraqe, “Cramer-Rao Lower Bound for the Clock Offset of Silent Nodes Synchronizing through a General Sender-Receiver Protocol in Wireless Sensornets,” 16th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Lausanne, 2008.

[11]   F. Ferrari, M. Zimmerling, L. Thiele and O. Saukh, “Efficient Network Flooding and Time Synchronization with Glossy,” IEEE 10th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN), 2011, pp. 73-84.

[12]   G. Deng and F. Zhang, “A Power Management for Probabilistic Clock Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology, 2006, pp. 1-4.

[13]   T. Schmid, P. Dutta, and M. B. Srivastava, “High-Resolution, Low-Power Time Synchronization an Oxymoron No More,” Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2010, pp. 151-161.

[14]   M. Akhlaq and T. R. Sheltami, “Rtsp: An Accurate and Energy-Efficient Protocol for Clock Synchronization in Wsns,” 2013.

[15]   M. Maroti, B. Kusy, G. Simon and A. Ledeczi, “The Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol,” Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, 2004, pp. 39-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1031495.1031501

[16]   A. Goldsmith, “Wireless Communications,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005, pp. 24-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511841224

[17]   S. Kay, “Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing,” Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 1993, pp. 27-77.

[18]   Texas Instruments Inc., “Cc2520 Data Sheet 2.4 ghz ieee 802.15.4/zigbee rf Transceiver,” 2007.

[19]   B. Sklar, “Rayleigh Fading Channels in Mobile Digital Communication Systems—Part 1: Characterization,” IEEE Communications Magazine, 1997, pp. 136-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.620535