Swagata Roy Chatterjee, Mohuya Chakraborty, Jayanta Chakraborty

Abstract: Usefulness of sensor network applications in human life is increasing day by day and the concept of wireless connection promises new application areas. Sensor network can be very beneficial in saving human life from terrorist attacks causing explosion in certain areas leading to casualties. But realization of the sensor network application in explosive detection requires high scalability of the sensor network and fast transmission of the information through real time monitoring and control. In this paper a novel mechanism for explosive trace detection in any populated area by the use of mobile telephony has been described. The aim is to create a system that will assure common men, local population and above all the nation a secured environment, without disturbing their freedom of movement. It would further help the police in detection of explosives more quickly, isolation of suicide bombers, remediation of explosives manufacturing sites, and forensic and criminal investigation. To achieve this, the paper has projected an idea that can combine the strength of the mobile phones, the polymer sensor and existing cellular network. The idea is to design and embed a tiny cog-nitive radio sensor node into the mobile phone that adapts to the changing environment by analyzing the RF surroundings and adjusting the spectrum use appropriately. The system would be capable of detecting explo-sives within a defined territory. It would communicate the location of the detected explosives to the respec-tive service provider, which in turn would inform the law and enforcement agency or Police.

Keywords: Cognitive Radio Sensor Node, Sensor Network, Explosive Vapor Sensor, Software-Defined Radio, Explosive Trace Detection, Mobile Phone

Cite this paper: nullS. Chatterjee, M. Chakraborty and J. Chakraborty, "Cognitive Radio Sensor Node Empowered Mobile Phone for Explosive Trace Detection," International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences, Vol. 4 No. 1, 2011, pp. 33-41. doi: 10.4236/ijcns.2011.41004.

References

[1]   I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramanian and E. Cayirci, “Wireless Sensor Network: A Survey,” Computer Networks, Vol. 38, No. 4, 2002, pp. 393-422. doi:10.1016/S1389-1286(01)00302-4

[2]   J. Feng, F. Koushanfar and M. Potkonjak, “Sensor Network Architecture,” In: M. Ilyas and I. Mahgoub, Eds., Handbook of Sensor Networks, Chapter 12, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2005.

[3]   F. L. Lewis, “Wireless Sensor Network,” In: D. J. Cook and S. K. Das, Eds., Smart Environments: Technologies, Protocols, and Application, John Wiley, New York, 2004.

[4]   B. Y. Liu and D. Towsley, “A Study of the Coverage of Large-Scale Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems, Fort Lauderdale, 25-27 October 2004, pp. 475-483.

[5]   A. Koubaa and M. Alves, “A Two-Tiered Architecture for Real-Time Communications in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of 17th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, WiP Session, Palma de Mallorca, 5-7 July 2005, pp. 33-36.

[6]   K. Langendoen, “Medium Access Control in Wireless Networks, Volume II: Practice and Standards,” Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, 2007.

[7]   O. B. Akan, O. B. Karli and O. Ergul, “Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks,” IEEE Network, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2009, pp. 34-40. doi:10.1109/MNET.2009.5191144

[8]   H. Harada, “Software Defined Radio Prototype toward Cognitive Radio Communication Systems,” Proceedings of 1st IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, Baltimore, Vol. 1, 8-11 November 2005, pp. 539-547. doi:10.1109/DYSPAN.2005.1542667

[9]   J. Polson, “Cognitive Radio Applications in Software Defined Radios,” Proceedings of the Software Defined Radio Technical Conference and Product Exposition, Phoenix, 15-18 November 2004, pp. 1-24.

[10]   D. Y. Kong, Y. G. Qi, L. L. Zhou, B. T. Lin, Z. Li, R. H. Zhu and C. L. Chen, “MEMS Based Sensors for Explosive Detection: Development and Discussion,” Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, Sanya, 6-9 January 2008, pp. 265-269.

[11]   L. Senesac and T. G. Thundat, “Nanosensor for Trace Explosive Detection,” Materials Today, Vol. 11, No. 3, March 2008, pp. 28-36. doi:10.1016/S1369-7021(08)70017-8

[12]   J. Bausells, “Micro- and Nano-Electromechanical Systems for [Bio] Molecular Analysis,” Science, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2005, pp. 67-78.

[13]   M. Chakraborty and J. Chakraborty, “Mobile-Telephony Based Secured Society: An Anti Terrorism Attempt,” Proceedings of the International Technical Conference of IEEE Region 10, Hyderabad, 18-21 November 2008, pp. 1-6.

[14]   L. Theisan, D. W. Hannum, D. W. Murray and J. E. Parameter, “Survey of Commercially Available Explosive Detection Technologies and Equipment 2004,” 2004, pp. 1-96. http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/208861.pdf

[15]   K. M. Irick, W. Xu, N. Vijaykrishnan and M. J. Irwin, “A Nanosensor Array-Based VLSI Gas Discriminator,” Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on VLSI Design, with the 4th International Conference on Embedded Systems Design, Kolkata, 3-7 January 2005, pp. 241-246.

[16]   R. Khare and S. Bose, “Carbon Nanotube Based Composites—A Review,” Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2005, pp. 31-46.

[17]   S. Peng, J. O’Keeffe, C. Y. Wei, K. Cho, J. Kong, R. Chen, N. Franklin and H. Dai, “Carbon Nanotube Chemical and Mechanical Sensors,” Proceedings of 3rd International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, San Francisco, 12-14 September 2001, pp. 1-8.

[18]   N. R. Frómeta, “Cantilever Biosensors,” Biotecnología Aplicada, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2006, pp. 320-323.

[19]   X. F. Yang and K. Peters, “Wheatstone Bridge Scheme For Sensor,” Patent No-US7,009,268 B2, March 2006.

[20]   J. Yinon, “Detection of Explosives by Electronic Noses,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 75, No. 5, March 2003, pp. 98A-105A. doi:10.1021/ac0312460

[21]   M. Grassi, “Wide Dynamic Range CMOS Interface Circuits for Resistive Gas Sensor,” Ph.D. Thesis, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia. http://ims.unipv.it/~marcog/tesi/final/marco_grassi.pdf

[22]   F. K. Jondral, “Software-Defined Radio—Basics and Evolution to Cognitive Radio,” EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol. 2005, No. 3, 2005, pp. 275-283. doi:10.1155/WCN.2005.275

[23]   S. Weiss, A. Sligersky, S. Abendroth, J. S. Reeve, L. A. V. Moreau, T. E. Dodgson and D. Babb, “A Software Defined Radio Testbed Implementation,” Proceedings of IEE Colloquium on DSP Enable Radio, 22-23 September 2003, Livingston, pp. 268-274.

[24]   E. L. Org, R. J. Cyr, G. Dawe, J. Kilpatrick and T. Counihan, “Software Defined Radio—Different Architectures for Different Applications,” Proceedings of the Software Defined Radio Technical Conference and Product Exposition, Denver, 5-9 November 2007, pp. 1-5.

[25]   L. S. Nagurney, “Software Defined Radio in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Curriculum,” Proceedings of 39th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, San Antonio, 18-21 October 2009, pp. 1-6.

[26]   N. Bagherzadeh and T. Eichenberg, “Mobile Software Defined Radio Solution Using High Performance, Low-Power Reconfigurable DSP Architecture,” Proceedings of the Software Defined Radio Technical Conference and Product Exposition, Orange County, 14-18 November 2005, pp. 1-5.

[27]   Y. F. Li, Z. T. He and T. Voigt, “A Software Radio-Empowered Sensor Network,” Proceedings of 9th Scandinavian Workshop on Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, Uppsala, 4-5 May 2009, pp. 1-3. http://soda.swedish-ict.se/3607/1/sncnw09-sdr-demo.pdf

[28]   L. Pucker, “Channelization Techniques for Software Defined Radio,” Proceedings of SDR Forum Conference, Orlando, 17-19 November 2003, pp. 1-6. http://www.spectrumsignal.com/channel_techniques/channelization_paper_sdr_forum.pdf