[1] R. B. Alexander, R. A. Smith, G. E. Schwarz, E. W. Boyer, J. V. Nolan and J. W. Brakebill, “Differences in Phosphorous and Nitrogen Delivery to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin,” Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 42, No. 3, 2008, pp. 822-830. doi:10.1021/es0716103
[2] S. D. Preston, V. J. Bierman Jr. and S. E. Sillman, “An Evaluation of Methods for the Estimation of Tributary Mass Loads,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 25, No. 6, 1989, pp. 1379-1389. doi:10.1029/WR025i006p01379
[3] A. Ullrich and M. Volk, “Influence of Different Nitrate-N Monitoring Strategies on Load Estimation as a Base for Model Calibration and Evaluation,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 171, No. 1-4, 2010, pp. 513-527. doi:10.1007/s10661-009-1296-8
[4] M. K. Jha, K. E. Schilling, P. W. Gassman and C. F. Wolter, “Targeting Land-Use Change for Nitrate-Nitrogen Load Reductions in an Agricultural Watershed,” Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol. 65, No. 6, 2010, pp. 342-352. doi:10.2489/jswc.65.6.342
[5] M. K. Jha, C. F. Wolter, P. W. Gassman and K. E. Schilling, “Assessment of TMDL Implementation Strategies for Nitrate Impairment of the Raccoon River, Iowa,” Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 39, No. 4, 2010, pp. 1317-1327. doi:10.2134/jeq2009.0392
[6] M. K. Jha, J. G. Arnold and P. W. Gassman, “Water Quality Modeling for the Raccoon River Watershed Using SWAT,” Transactions of the ASABE, Vol. 50, No. 2, 2007, pp. 479-493.
[7] I. G. Littlewood, C. D. Watts and J. M. Custance, “Systematic Application of United Kingdom River Flow and Quality Databases for Estimating Annual River Mass Loads (1975-1994),” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 210-211, 1998, pp. 21-40. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00042-4
[8] K. E. Schilling and Y. K. Zhang, “Baseflow Contribution to Nitrate-Nitrogen Export from a Large Agricultural Watershed USA,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 295, No. 1-4, 2004, pp. 305-316. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.010
[9] Y. Guo, M. Markus and M. Demissie, “Uncertainty of Nitrate-N Load Computations for Agricultural Watersheds,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 38, No. 10, 2002, p. 1185. doi:10.1029/2001WR001149
[10] B.T. Aulenbach and R. P. Hooper, “The Composite Method: An Improved Method for Stream-Water Solute Load Estimation,” Hydrological Processes, Vol. 20, No. 14, 2006, pp. 3029-3047. doi:10.1002/hyp.6147
[11] F. Moatar and M. Meybeck, “Compared Performance of Different Algorithms for Estimating Annual Nutrient Loads Discharged by the Eutrophic River Loire,” Hydrological Processes, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, pp. 429-444. doi:10.1002/hyp.5541
[12] Z. Li, Y. K. Zhang, K. Schilling and M. Skopec, “Cokriging Estimation of Suspended Sediment Loads,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 327, No. 3-4, 2006, pp. 389-398. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.028
[13] A. Zamyadi, J. Gallichand and M. Duchemin, “Comparison of Methods for Estimating Sediment and Nitrogen Loads from a Small Agricultural Watershed,” Canadian Society of Bioengineering, Vol. 49, 1-2, 2007, pp. 127-136.
[14] D. M. Robertson and E. D. Roerish, “Influence of Various Water Quality Sampling Strategies on Load Estimates for Small Streams,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 35, No. 12, 1999, pp. 3747-3759. doi:10.1029/1999WR900277
[15] T. A. Cohn, D. L. Caulder, E. J. Gilroy, L. D. Zynjuk and R. M. Summers, “The Validity of a Simple Statistical Model for Estimating Fluvial Constituent Loads: An Empirical Study Involving Nutrient Loads in Chesapeake Bay,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 28, No. 9, 1992, pp. 2353-2363. doi:10.1029/92WR01008
[16] USGS LOADEST, “Load Estimator (LOADEST): A Fortran Program for Estimating Constituent Loads in Streams and Rivers. Techniques and Models Book 4,” Chapter 5, US Geological Survey, Reston, 2004.
[17] D. A. Goolsby, W. A. Battaglin, B. T. Aulenbach and H. P. Hooper, “Nitrogen Flux and Sources in the Mississippi River Basin,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 248, No. 2-3, 2000, pp. 75-86. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00532-X
[18] D. A. Goolsby and W. A. Battaglin, “Long-Term Changes in Concentrations and Flux of Nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin, USA,” Hydrological Processes, Vol. 15, No. 7, 2001, pp. 1209-1226. doi:10.1002/hyp.210
[19] R. P. Hooper, B. T. Aulenbach, and V. J. Kelly, “The National Stream Quality Accounting Network: A Flux-Based Approach to Monitoring the Water Quality of Large Rivers,” Hydrological Processes, Vol. 15, No. 7, 2001, pp. 1089-1106. doi:10.1002/hyp.205
[20] B. T. Aulenbach and R. P. Hooper, “The Composite Method: An Improved Method for Stream-Water Solute Load Estimation,” Hydrological Processes, Vol. 20, No. 14, 2006, pp. 3029-3047. doi:10.1002/hyp.6147
[21] T. R. Maret, D. E. MacCoy and D. M. Carlisle, “Long-Term Water Quality and Biological Responses to Multiple Best Management Practices in Rock Creek, Idaho,” Journal of the American Water Resources Association, Vol. 44, No. 5, 2008, pp. 1248-1269. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00221.x
[22] USGS, “USGS Open-File Report 2007-1080—Streamflow and Nutrient Fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and Subbasins for the Period of Record through 2005, Methods Used to Estimate Nutrient Fluxes,” 2009. http://toxics.usgs.gov/pubs/of-2007-1080/methods.html
[23] USGS, “Application of Spatially Referenced Regression Modeling for the Evaluation of Total Nitrogen Loading in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed,” 2009. http://md.water.usgs.gov/publications/wrir-99-4054/html/index.htm
[24] C. G. Crawford, “Estimation of Suspended-Sediment Rating Curves and Mean Suspended Sediment Loads,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 129, No. 1-4, 1991, pp. 331-348. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(91)90057-O
[25] R. I. Ferguson, “River Loads Underestimated by Rating Curves,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1986, pp. 74-76. doi:10.1029/WR022i001p00074
[26] USGS, “Statistical Methods in Water Resources,” In: D. R. Helsel and R. M. Hirsch, Eds., Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, US Geological Survey, 2002, p. 522. http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/twri/twri4a3
[27] R. B. Alexander, R. A. Smith, G. E. Schwarz, E. W. Boyer, J. V. Nolan and J. W. Brakebill, “Differences in Phosphorous and Nitrogen Delivery to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin,” Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 42, No. 3, 2008, pp. 822-830. doi:10.1021/es0716103
[28] S. D. Preston, V. J. Bierman Jr. and S. E. Sillman, “An Evaluation of Methods for the Estimation of Tributary Mass Loads,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 25, No. 6, 1989, pp. 1379-1389. doi:10.1029/WR025i006p01379
[29] A. Ullrich and M. Volk, “Influence of Different Nitrate-N Monitoring Strategies on Load Estimation as a Base for Model Calibration and Evaluation,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 171, No. 1-4, 2010, pp. 513-527. doi:10.1007/s10661-009-1296-8
[30] M. K. Jha, K. E. Schilling, P. W. Gassman and C. F. Wolter, “Targeting Land-Use Change for Nitrate-Nitrogen Load Reductions in an Agricultural Watershed,” Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol. 65, No. 6, 2010, pp. 342-352. doi:10.2489/jswc.65.6.342
[31] M. K. Jha, C. F. Wolter, P. W. Gassman and K. E. Schilling, “Assessment of TMDL Implementation Strategies for Nitrate Impairment of the Raccoon River, Iowa,” Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 39, No. 4, 2010, pp. 1317-1327. doi:10.2134/jeq2009.0392
[32] M. K. Jha, J. G. Arnold and P. W. Gassman, “Water Quality Modeling for the Raccoon River Watershed Using SWAT,” Transactions of the ASABE, Vol. 50, No. 2, 2007, pp. 479-493.
[33] I. G. Littlewood, C. D. Watts and J. M. Custance, “Systematic Application of United Kingdom River Flow and Quality Databases for Estimating Annual River Mass Loads (1975-1994),” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 210-211, 1998, pp. 21-40. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00042-4
[34] K. E. Schilling and Y. K. Zhang, “Baseflow Contribution to Nitrate-Nitrogen Export from a Large Agricultural Watershed USA,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 295, No. 1-4, 2004, pp. 305-316. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.010
[35] Y. Guo, M. Markus and M. Demissie, “Uncertainty of Nitrate-N Load Computations for Agricultural Watersheds,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 38, No. 10, 2002, p. 1185. doi:10.1029/2001WR001149
[36] B.T. Aulenbach and R. P. Hooper, “The Composite Method: An Improved Method for Stream-Water Solute Load Estimation,” Hydrological Processes, Vol. 20, No. 14, 2006, pp. 3029-3047. doi:10.1002/hyp.6147
[37] F. Moatar and M. Meybeck, “Compared Performance of Different Algorithms for Estimating Annual Nutrient Loads Discharged by the Eutrophic River Loire,” Hydrological Processes, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, pp. 429-444. doi:10.1002/hyp.5541
[38] Z. Li, Y. K. Zhang, K. Schilling and M. Skopec, “Cokriging Estimation of Suspended Sediment Loads,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 327, No. 3-4, 2006, pp. 389-398. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.028
[39] A. Zamyadi, J. Gallichand and M. Duchemin, “Comparison of Methods for Estimating Sediment and Nitrogen Loads from a Small Agricultural Watershed,” Canadian Society of Bioengineering, Vol. 49, 1-2, 2007, pp. 127-136.
[40] D. M. Robertson and E. D. Roerish, “Influence of Various Water Quality Sampling Strategies on Load Estimates for Small Streams,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 35, No. 12, 1999, pp. 3747-3759. doi:10.1029/1999WR900277
[41] T. A. Cohn, D. L. Caulder, E. J. Gilroy, L. D. Zynjuk and R. M. Summers, “The Validity of a Simple Statistical Model for Estimating Fluvial Constituent Loads: An Empirical Study Involving Nutrient Loads in Chesapeake Bay,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 28, No. 9, 1992, pp. 2353-2363. doi:10.1029/92WR01008
[42] USGS LOADEST, “Load Estimator (LOADEST): A Fortran Program for Estimating Constituent Loads in Streams and Rivers. Techniques and Models Book 4,” Chapter 5, US Geological Survey, Reston, 2004.
[43] D. A. Goolsby, W. A. Battaglin, B. T. Aulenbach and H. P. Hooper, “Nitrogen Flux and Sources in the Mississippi River Basin,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 248, No. 2-3, 2000, pp. 75-86. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00532-X
[44] D. A. Goolsby and W. A. Battaglin, “Long-Term Changes in Concentrations and Flux of Nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin, USA,” Hydrological Processes, Vol. 15, No. 7, 2001, pp. 1209-1226. doi:10.1002/hyp.210
[45] R. P. Hooper, B. T. Aulenbach, and V. J. Kelly, “The National Stream Quality Accounting Network: A Flux-Based Approach to Monitoring the Water Quality of Large Rivers,” Hydrological Processes, Vol. 15, No. 7, 2001, pp. 1089-1106. doi:10.1002/hyp.205
[46] B. T. Aulenbach and R. P. Hooper, “The Composite Method: An Improved Method for Stream-Water Solute Load Estimation,” Hydrological Processes, Vol. 20, No. 14, 2006, pp. 3029-3047. doi:10.1002/hyp.6147
[47] T. R. Maret, D. E. MacCoy and D. M. Carlisle, “Long-Term Water Quality and Biological Responses to Multiple Best Management Practices in Rock Creek, Idaho,” Journal of the American Water Resources Association, Vol. 44, No. 5, 2008, pp. 1248-1269. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00221.x
[48] USGS, “USGS Open-File Report 2007-1080—Streamflow and Nutrient Fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and Subbasins for the Period of Record through 2005, Methods Used to Estimate Nutrient Fluxes,” 2009. http://toxics.usgs.gov/pubs/of-2007-1080/methods.html
[49] USGS, “Application of Spatially Referenced Regression Modeling for the Evaluation of Total Nitrogen Loading in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed,” 2009. http://md.water.usgs.gov/publications/wrir-99-4054/html/index.htm
[50] C. G. Crawford, “Estimation of Suspended-Sediment Rating Curves and Mean Suspended Sediment Loads,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 129, No. 1-4, 1991, pp. 331-348. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(91)90057-O
[51] R. I. Ferguson, “River Loads Underestimated by Rating Curves,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1986, pp. 74-76. doi:10.1029/WR022i001p00074
[52] USGS, “Statistical Methods in Water Resources,” In: D. R. Helsel and R. M. Hirsch, Eds., Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, US Geological Survey, 2002, p. 522. http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/twri/twri4a3