Sacral Orientation in Hominin Evolution
Affiliation(s)
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;Physical Therapy Department, Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel. Department of Anatomy, Zinman College, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel. Departments of Anthropology and Orthopaedics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;Physical Therapy Department, Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel. Department of Anatomy, Zinman College, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel. Departments of Anthropology and Orthopaedics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
ABSTRACT
Sagittal sacral orientation within the pelvic girdle of humans is a key component of posture and obstetrics. On the one hand, sacral orientation has direct influence on the lumbar curvature; while on the other hand, it has an impact on the dorsoventral dimension of the birth canal. In this study, we aim to explore the evolution of sacral orientation in the sagittal plane and its relationship with the lumbar curvature in hominins. To do this, we measured sacral orientation using the pelvic incidence (PI) angle of the pelves of 53 modern humans, 19 nonhuman hominoids, and 4 fossil hominins. Our results show that the PIs of modern and fossil H. sapiens are the highest while the PI of nonhuman hominoids is the lowest (a nearly parallel sacrum in relation to the hip bone). Australopithecines PI is higher than that of nonhuman hominoids, but lower than that of modern humans. The PI of Homo heidelbergensis and H. neanderthalensis (Neandertal lineage hominins) is the lowest among hominins. We also found a strong correlation between lumbar lordosis and PI in nonhuman hominoids and hominins, indicating that PI angle is a good predictor of the lumbar lordosis when only the pelvis is preserved. We conclude that sacral orientation changed during the course of human evolution. When Neandertal lineage hominins are ignored, the results indicate a fairly simple path of evolution from nonhuman hominoid-like to human-like sacral orientation with two stages of the development. Neandertal lineage hominins show a reversal of this trend.
Cite this paper
Been, E. , Pessah, H. , Peleg, S. & Kramer, P. (2013). Sacral Orientation in Hominin Evolution. Advances in Anthropology, 3, 133-141. doi: 10.4236/aa.2013.33018 .
Been, E. , Pessah, H. , Peleg, S. & Kramer, P. (2013). Sacral Orientation in Hominin Evolution. Advances in Anthropology, 3, 133-141. doi: 10.4236/aa.2013.33018 .
References
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The Anatomical Record, 291, 1707-1722. doi:10.1002/ar.20795 [13] Boulay, C., Tardieu, C., Hecquet, J., Benaim, C., Mitulescu, A., Marty, C., Prat-Pradal, D., Legaye, J., Duval-Beaupère, G., & Pélisser, J. (2005). Anatomical reliability of two fundamental radiological and clinical pelvic parameters: Incidence and thickness. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, 15, 197-204. doi:10.1007/s00590-005-0239-5 [14] Boulay, C., Tardieu, C., Hecquet, J., Benaim, C., Mouilleseaux, B., Marty, C., Prat-Pradal ,D., Legaye, J., Duval-Beaupère, G., & Pélis sier, J. (2006). Sagittal alignment of spine and pelvis regulated by pelvic incidence: Standard values and prediction of lordosis. Euro pean Spine Journal, 15, 415-422. doi:10.1007/s00586-005-0984-5 [15] Crompton, R. H., Vereecke, E. E., & Thorpe, S. K. S. (2008). Locomotion and posture from the common hominoid ancestor to fully modern hominins, with special reference to the last common panin/ hominin ancestor. 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Measure ments of lumbopelvic lordosis using the pelvic radius technique as it correlates with sagittal spinal balance and sacral translation. The Spine Journal, 2, 421-429. doi:10.1016/S1529-9430(02)00426-6 [21] Hausler, M. (1992). Rekonstruktion des Beckens von STS-14 (Austra lopithecus africanus). Ph.D. Thesis, Zurich: Anthropologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich-Irchel. [22] Hogervorst, T., Bouma, H. W., & de Vos, J. (2009). Evolution of the hip and pelvis. Acta Orthopaedica, 80, 1-39. doi:10.1080/17453690610046620 [23] Jackson, R. P., & McManus, A. C. (1994). Radiographic analysis of sagittal plane alignment and balance in standing volunteers and patients with low back pain matched for age, sex, and size. Spine, 19, 1611-1618. doi:10.1097/00007632-199407001-00010 [24] Kibii, J. M., Churchill, S. E., Schmid, P., Carlson, K. J., Reed, N. D., De Ruiter, D. J., & Berger, L. R. (2011). A partial pelvis of Australopithecus sediba. Science, 333, 1407-1411. doi:10.1126/science.1202521 [25] Labelle, H., Roussouly, P., Berthonnaud, E., Dimnet, J., & O’Brien, M. (2005). The importance of spino-pelvic balance in L5-S1 developmental spondylolisthesis. Spine, 30, S27-S34. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000155560.92580.90 [26] Labelle, H., Roussouly, P., Berthonnaud, E., Transfeldt, E., O’Brien, M., Chopin, D., Hresko, T., & Dimne, J. (2004). Spondylolisthesis, pelvic incidence, and spinopelvic balance: A correlation study. Spine, 29, 2049-2054. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000138279.53439.cc [27] Lazennec, J. Y., Charlot, N., Gorin, M., Roger, B., Arafati, N., Bissery, A., & Saillant, G. (2004). Hip-spine relationship: A radio-anatomical study for optimization in acetabular cup positioning. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 26, 136-144. doi:10.1007/s00276-003-0195-x [28] Lee, J. H., Kim, K. T., Suk, K. S., Lee, S. H., Jeong, B. O., Kim, J. S., Eoh, J. H., & Kim, Y. J. (2010). 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