Unique Premedical Education Experience in Public Health and Equity: Combined BA/MD Summer Practicum
Author(s)
Amy Clithero,
Robert Sapien,
Judith Kitzes,
Summers Kalishman,
Sharon Wayne,
Brian Solan,
Lana Wagner,
Valerie Romero-Leggott
Affiliation(s)
Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA. Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA. Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA. Office of Program Evaluation, Education and Research, University of New Mexico School of Medicine,Albuquerque, USA.
Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA. Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA. Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA. Office of Program Evaluation, Education and Research, University of New Mexico School of Medicine,Albuquerque, USA.
ABSTRACT
Background: Physicians will need increased skills in the areas of public health, equity based interventions and patient safety skills to address the medical needs of patients in the 21st century. Premedical education and experiences is one strategy to address these areas. Methods: A one month rural summer practicum was developed for all BA/MD students. Key components include: 1) physician shadowing; 2) tutorials; 3) narrative writings; and 4) group community projects. Students attend a preparatory community service course prior to the practicum. Pre/post practicum surveys assessed students’ attitudes and skills with respect to community interventions. Post practicum surveys evaluate the elements of the practicum. Results: Survey results demonstrated no significant change in opinions or skills and activities with respect to community interventions. Highly rated items in the post practicum evaluations included physician shadowing, community activities, and opportunities to learn from others. Conclusions: A pre-medical practicum experience can help students define their roles as future physicians and increase their interactions within communities around public health issues. Whether this translates into improved involvement of physicians using public health equity based interventions is an area of ongoing study.
KEYWORDS
Public Health; Pre-Medical Education; Health Equity; Service Learning; Combined BA/MD Program
Public Health; Pre-Medical Education; Health Equity; Service Learning; Combined BA/MD Program
Cite this paper
Clithero, A. , Sapien, R. , Kitzes, J. , Kalishman, S. , Wayne, S. , Solan, B. , Wagner, L. & Romero-Leggott, V. (2013). Unique Premedical Education Experience in Public Health and Equity: Combined BA/MD Summer Practicum. Creative Education, 4, 165-170. doi: 10.4236/ce.2013.47A2021.
Clithero, A. , Sapien, R. , Kitzes, J. , Kalishman, S. , Wayne, S. , Solan, B. , Wagner, L. & Romero-Leggott, V. (2013). Unique Premedical Education Experience in Public Health and Equity: Combined BA/MD Summer Practicum. Creative Education, 4, 165-170. doi: 10.4236/ce.2013.47A2021.
References
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[1] Alpern, R. J., & Long, S. (2009). AAMC-HHMI scientific foundations for future physicians (pp. 1-43). Washington DC: American Associa tion of Medical Colleges. [2] Aronson, L., Kruidering, M., Niehaus, B., & O’Sullivan, P. (2012). UCSF LEaP (Learning from your Experiences as a Professional): guidelines for critical reflection. MedEdPORTAL www.mededportal.org/publication/9073 [3] Cashman. S., & Seifer, S. (2008). Service-learning: An integral part of undergraduate public health.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(3):273-278. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.012 [4] Choon-Eng-Gwee, M. (2009). Problem based learning: A strategic learning system design for the education of healthcare professionals in the 21st century. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Science, 25, 231 239. doi:10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70067-1 [5] Combined BA/MD Program University of New Mexico (n.d.). http://hsc.unm.edu/som/combinedbamd [6] Cosgrove, E., Harrison G., Kalishman, S., Kersting, K., Leggott-Ro mero, V., Timm, C., et al. (2007). Addressing physician shortages in New Mexico through a combined BA/MD program. Academic Medi cine, 82, 1152-1157. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e318159cf06 [7] Engaging in Communities to Serve the People of New Mexico: County Health Report Cards: UNM Health Sciences Center Office for Com munity Health (n.d.). Office of the vice-president for community health. http://hsc.unm.edu/community/documents/CountyReports2010.pdf [8] Erwin, P. (2008). Poverty in America: How public health practice can make a difference. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 1570-1572. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.127787 [9] Eyler, J., Giles Jr., D. E., & Asrin, A. (1999). Resource C: Survey and interview instruments. In Where’s the learning in service learning (pp. 225-274), Jossey-Bass. [10] Fletcher, S. W., Hager, M., Russell, S., & Fletcher, S. W. (2008). Con tinuing education in the health professions: Improving healthcare through lifelong learning. Proceedings of a Conference, Bermuda: Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, 28 November 2007-1 December 2008. [11] Gebbie, K., Rosenstock, L., Hernandez, L.M. (2003) Who will keep the public healthy? Educating public health professionals for the 21st century. Washington DC: The National Academies Press. [12] Health Resources and Services Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services (HRSA) (2010). Find Shortage Areas: HPSA by State and County. http://hpsafind.hrsa.gov/ [13] Hunt, J. B., Bonham, C., & Jones, L. (2011). Understanding the goals of service learning and community-based medical education: A sys tematic review. Academic Medicine, 86, 246-251. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182046481 [14] Irby, D. M., Cooke, M., & O’Brien, B. C. (2010). Calls for reform of medical education by the Carnegie Foundation for the advancement of teaching: 1910 and 2010. Academic Medicine, 85, 220-227. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181c88449 [15] John-Steiner, V., & Mahn, H. (1996). Sociocultural approaches to learning and development: A Vygotskian frame work. Educational Psychology, 31, 91-206. [16] Kellerman, A. (2009). Emergency medicine and public health: Stopping emergencies before the 9-1-1 call. Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. [17] Kitsis, E. A. (2011). Shedding a light on shadowing. Journal of the American Medical Association, 305, 1029-1030. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.267 [18] Levine, R. B., Kern, D. E., & Wright, S. M. (2008). The impact of prompted narrative writing during internship on reflective practce: A qualitative study. Advances in Health Sciences Education: Theory and Practice, 13, 723-733. doi:10.1007/s10459-007-9079-x [19] Lucian Leape Institute at the National Patient Safety Foundation (2010). Unmet needs: Teaching physicians to provide safe patient care. Boston, MS: Report of the Lucian Leape Institute Roundtable on Re forming Medical Education. [20] McCally, M., Haines, A., Fein, O., Addington, W., Lawrence, R., & Cassel, C. (1998). Poverty and ill health: Physicians can, and should, make a difference. Annals of Internal Medicine, 129, 726-733. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-129-9-199811010-00009 [21] Miller, B. M., Moore, D. E., Stead, W. W., & Blasar, J. R. (2010). Be yond flexner: A new model for continuous learning in the health professions. Academic Medicine, 85, 266-270. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181c859fb [22] Mullan, F. (2010). The social mission of medical education. Annals of Internal Medicine, 52, 804-811. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-152-12-201006150-00009 [23] US Census Bureau (2010) New Mexico Quick Links from the US Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/35000lk.html [24] Page-Reeves, J. (2013). The nexus of poverty, hunger, and homeless ness in New Mexico. Social Justice, 38, 33-41. [25] Rabinowitz, H. K. (1999). Demographic, educational and economic factors related to recruitment and retention of physicians in rural Pennsylvania. Journal of Rural Health, 15, 212-218. doi:10.1111/j.1748-0361.1999.tb00742.x [26] Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Commission to Build a Healthier America (2009). Education matters for health. [27] Robert Wood Johnson Foundation: Commission to Build a Healthier America (2008). Where we live matters for our health: Neighborhoods and health. [28] Shaprio, J., Kaseman, D., & Shafer, A. (2006). Words and wards: A model of reflective writing and its uses in medical education. Journal of Medical Humanities, 27, 231-244. doi:10.1007/s10912-006-9020-y [29] Sheu, L. C., Zheng, P., Coelho, A. D., Lin, L. D., O’Sullivan, P. S., O’Brien, B. C., et al. (2011). Learning through service: Student per ceptions on volunteering at interprofessional Hepatitis B student-run clinics. Journal of Cancer Education, 26, 228-233. doi:10.1007/s13187-010-0142-6 [30] Steinbrook, R. (2006). Imposing personal responsibility for health. New England Journal of Medicine, 355, 8. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm050051 [31] University of New Mexico. School of Medicine. (n.d.). Strategic Plan 2010-2015. http://hsc.unm.edu/som/administration. [32] Woolf, S. H., Johnson, R. E., Phillips, R. L., & Philipsen, M. (2007). Giving everyone the health of the educated: An examination of whether social change would save more lives than medical advances. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 679-683. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.084848 [33] US Census Bureau (2007). Personal income per capita in current dollars. http://www.census.gov/statab/ranks/rank29.html