Author(s) Norfahana Abd-Talib, Siti Hamidah Mohd-Setapar^*, Aidee Kamal Khamis, Lee Nian-Yian, Ramlan Aziz

Affiliation(s)
1Institute Bio Product Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 2Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Institute Bio Product Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to verify potential of various types of microorganisms during spray drying and non-refrigerated storage that can be enhanced substantially by selecting suitable protective colloids. Four selected probiotics tested are Lactbacillus plantarum B13 and B18, which are the bacteria probiotics and Kluyveromyces lactis and Saccharomyces blouradii, non-bacteria probiotics. Two levels of experiment occur starting with formulation study of encapsulation agent followed by the viability study of different probiotics after spray dry and two weeks nonrefrigerated storage. The formulation of 30% of gum Arabic, 15% of gelatin and 45% of coconut oil can homogenize well at least for two hours and can produce acceptable dried product (below 4% of moisture content) at low outlet temperature (70℃ -75℃). K. lactis, S. blouradii gives 2.57% and 2.4% of viability percentage after spray drying process and 25.84% and 2.04% after two weeks nonrefrigerated storage respectively. The colonies of non-probiotics bacteria after both conditions are between 1010 and 106 cfu/mL which is among the accepted level for industrial application. However, the survival of probiotics in a spray-dried form during non-refrigerated storage is higher at low of moisture content compared to others.

KEYWORDS
Probiotics; Survival Rate; Spray Drying; Nonrefrigerated Storage

Cite this paper
Abd-Talib, N. , Mohd-Setapar, S.H., Khamis, A.K., Nian-Yian, L. and Aziz, R. (2013) Survival of encapsulated probiotics through spray drying and non-refrigerated storage for animal feeds application. Agricultural Sciences, 4, 78-83. doi: 10.4236/as.2013.45B015.

References
[1]   Tannock, G.W., Munro, K., Harmsen, H.J.M., Welling, G.W., Smart, J. and Gopal, P.K. (2000) Analysis of the fecal microflora of human subject consuming a probiotic product containing lactobacillus rhamnosus DR 20. Application Enviroment Microbial, 66, 2578-2588. doi:10.1128/AEM.66.6.2578-2588.2000

[2]   Bucio, A., R. Hartemink., J.W. Schrama., J. Verreth. and Rombouts, F.M (2005). Presence of lactobacilli in the intestinal content of freshwater fish from a river and from a farm with a recirculation system. Food Mcrobiology, 23, 476- 482. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2005.06.001

[3]   Hilmi, H.T.A., Surakka, A., Apajalahti, J. and Saris, P.E.J. (2007) Identification of the most abundant lactobacillus species in the crop of 1- and 5- week- old broiler chickens. American Society for Microbiology, 73, 7867-7873.

[4]   Szabó, I., Wieler, L.H, Tedin, K., Tedin, L.S., Taras, D., Hensel, A., Appel, B. and Nöckler, K. (2009) Influence of a probiotic strain of enterococcus faecium on sal-monella enteric serovar typhimurium DT104 infection in a porcine animal infection model. American Society for Microbi-ology, 75, 2621- 2628.

[5]   Dahiya. J.P, Wilkie, D.C., Van-Kessel, A.G. and Drew, M.D. (2005) Potential strategies for controlling necrotic enteritis in broiler chicken in post-antibiotic era. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 129, 60-88. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.12.003

[6]   Son, V.M., Chang, C., Wu, M., Guu, Y., Chiu, C. and Cheng, W. (2009) Dietary administration of the probiotic, lactobacillus plantarum, enhanced the growth, innate immune responses, and disease resistance of the grouper epinephelus coioides. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 26, 691- 698. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2009.02.018

[7]   Canibe, N., Miettinen, H. and Jensen, B.B. (2008) Effect of adding lactobacillus plantarum or a formic acid containing-product to fermented liquid feed on gastroin-testinal ecology and growth performance of piglet. Live-stock Science, 114, 251- 262. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2007.05.002

[8]   Abu-Tarboush, H.M., Al-Saiady, M.Y. and El-Din, A.H.K. (1996) Evaluation of diet containing lactobacilli on performance, fecal coliform, and lactobacilli of young dairy calves. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 57, 39- 49. doi:10.1016/0377-8401(95)00850-0

[9]   Mohamed, M.I., Maareck, Y.A., Abdel-Majid, S. and Awadalla, I.M. (2009) Feed intake digestibility, rumen fermentation and groeh performance of camels fed diets supplemented with a yeast culture or zinc bacitracin. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 149,341-345. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.07.002

[10]   Kailasapathy, K. (2002) Microencapsulation of Probiotic Bacteria: Tecnology and Potential Applications. Current Issues Intestinal, Microbial, 3, 39-48

[11]   Desmond, C., Ross, R.P., O'Callaghan, E., Fitzgerald, G. and Stanton, C. (2002) Improve survival of lactobacillus parasei NFBC 338 in spray-dried powders containing gum Acacia. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 93, 1003- 1011. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01782.x

[12]   Meng, X.C., Stanton, C., Fitzgerald, G.F., Daly, C. and Ross, R.P. (2008). Anhydrobiotics: The challenges of dring probiotics cultures. Food Chemistry, 106, 1406- 1416. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.076

[13]   Guillot, J.F. (1998) Les probiotiques er dimenation animale. Cahiers Agricultures, 7, 49-54.