Cervical Disc Replacement: A Systematic Review of Medline Indexed Literature
Affiliation(s)
Spine Service, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland..
Spine Service, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland..
ABSTRACT
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) currently remains as the gold standard treatment for cervical disc herniation and Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) refractory to conservative management. Even though anterior cervical fusion provides excellent clinical results, it has been implicated in abnormal kinematic strain on adjacent disc level resulting in symptomatic adjacent segment disease. Anterior cervical disc replacement (ACDR) is an alternative procedure to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. The aims of cervical disc replacement were to preserve the motion at the index level and to protect the adjacent levels from accelerated symptomatic degeneration. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the outcomes of cervical disc replacement published in MEDLINE indexed literature. A literature search was carried out in medical electronic database MEDLINE. Keywords used for the search were Cervical vertebrae, Cervical spine, Neck, Intervertebral disc, Total disc replacement, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Treatment outcome. Two authors reviewed titles and abstracts of all two hundred and thirty six hits. The articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria were critically appraised while remaining articles were discarded. Anterior cervical disc replacement is a relatively new technology in spinal surgery. There are several short and intermediate term follow-up studies to prove the safety and efficacy of ACDR with satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes. More intermediate to long-term follow-up studies are needed to prove the safety and efficacy of ACDR.
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) currently remains as the gold standard treatment for cervical disc herniation and Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) refractory to conservative management. Even though anterior cervical fusion provides excellent clinical results, it has been implicated in abnormal kinematic strain on adjacent disc level resulting in symptomatic adjacent segment disease. Anterior cervical disc replacement (ACDR) is an alternative procedure to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. The aims of cervical disc replacement were to preserve the motion at the index level and to protect the adjacent levels from accelerated symptomatic degeneration. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the outcomes of cervical disc replacement published in MEDLINE indexed literature. A literature search was carried out in medical electronic database MEDLINE. Keywords used for the search were Cervical vertebrae, Cervical spine, Neck, Intervertebral disc, Total disc replacement, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Treatment outcome. Two authors reviewed titles and abstracts of all two hundred and thirty six hits. The articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria were critically appraised while remaining articles were discarded. Anterior cervical disc replacement is a relatively new technology in spinal surgery. There are several short and intermediate term follow-up studies to prove the safety and efficacy of ACDR with satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes. More intermediate to long-term follow-up studies are needed to prove the safety and efficacy of ACDR.
Cite this paper
S. Munigangaiah and J. McCabe, "Cervical Disc Replacement: A Systematic Review of Medline Indexed Literature," International Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol. 4 No. 7, 2013, pp. 34-39. doi: 10.4236/ijcm.2013.47A1006.
S. Munigangaiah and J. McCabe, "Cervical Disc Replacement: A Systematic Review of Medline Indexed Literature," International Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol. 4 No. 7, 2013, pp. 34-39. doi: 10.4236/ijcm.2013.47A1006.
References
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Vaccaro and T. J. Albert, “Donor Site Morbidity after Anterior Iliac Crest Bone Harvest for Single-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion,” Spine, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2003, pp. 134139. doi:10.1097/00007632-200301150-00008 [18] T. A. St. John, A. R. Vaccaro, A. P. Sah, M. Schaefer, S. C. Berta, T. Albert and A. Hilibrand, “Physical and Monetary Costs Associated with Autogenous Bone Graft Harvesting,” American Journal of Orthopaedics, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2003, pp. 18-23. [19] P. C. McAfee, A. Cappuccino, B. W. Cunningham, J. G. Devine, F. M. Phillips, J. J. Regan, T. J. Albert and J. E. Ahrens, “Lower Incidence of Dysphagia with Cervical Arthroplasty Compared with ACDF in a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial,” Journal of Spinal Disorders and Techniques, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2010, pp. 1-8. doi:10.1097/BSD.0b013e31819e2ab8 [20] R. C. Sasso and N. M. 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Steimer, W. I. Steudel and D. Pape, “The ProDisc-C Prosthesis. Clinical and Radiological Experience 1 Year after Surgery,” Spine, Vol. 32, No. 18, 2007, pp. 1935-1941. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182163814 [25] R. C. Sasso, J. D. Smucker, R. J. Hacker and J. G. Heller, “Artificial Disc versus Fusion: A Prospective, Randomised Study with 2-Year Follow-Up on 99 Patients,” Spine, Vol. 32, No. 26, 2007, pp. 2933-2940. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815d0034 [26] B. J. Garrido, T. A. Taha and R. C. Sasso, “Clinical Outcomes of Bryan Cervical Disc Arthroplasty a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Single Site Trial with 48-Month Follow-Up,” Journal of Spinal Disorders and Techniques, Vol. 23, No. 6, 2010, pp. 367-371. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815d0034 [27] D. Murrey, M. Janssen, R. Delamarter, J. Goldstein, J. Zigler, B. Tay and B. Darden, “Results of the Prospective, Randomized, Multi-Center Food and Drug Administration Investigational Device Exemption Study of the ProDisc-C Total Disc Replacement versus Anterior Discectomy and Fusion for the Treatment of 1-Level Symptomatic Cervical Disc Disease,” The Spine Journal, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2009, pp. 275-286. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2008.05.006 [28] J. T. Robertson, S. M. Papadopoulos and V. C. Traynelis, “Assessment of Adjacent Segment Disease in Patients Treated with Cervical Fusion or Arthroplasty: A Prospective 2-Year Study,” Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, Vol. 3, No. 6, 2005, pp. 417-423. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2008.05.006 [29] A. E. Dmitriev, B. W. Cunningham, N. Hu, G. Sell, F. Vigna and P. C. McAfee, “Adjacent Level Intradiscal Pressure and Segmental Kinematics Following a Cervical Total Disc Arthroplasty: An in Vitro Human Cadaveric Model,” Spine, Vol. 30, No. 10, 2005, pp. 1165-1172. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000162441.23824.95 [30] C. A. Reitman, J. A. Hipp, L. Nguyen and S. I. Esses, “Changes in Segmental Intervertebral Motion Adjacent to Cervical Arthrodesis: A Prospective Study,” Spine, Vol. 29, No. 11, 2004, pp. E221-E226. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000162441.23824.95 [31] C. Wigfield, S. Gill, R. Nelson, I. Langdon, N. Metcalf and J. Robertson, “Influence of an Artificial Cervical Joint Compared with Fusion on Adjacent-Level Motion in the Treatment of Degenerative Cervical Disc Disease,” Journal of Neurosurgery, Vol. 96, No. 1S, 2002, pp. 17-21. [32] D. K. Park, E. L. Lin and F. M. Phillips, “Index and Adjacent Level Kinematics after Cervical Disc Replacement and Anterior Fusion: In Vivo Quantitative Radiographic Analysis,” Spine, Vol. 36, No. 9, 2011, pp. 721-730. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000162441.23824.95 [33] O. A. Anakwenze, J. D. Auerbach, A. H. Milby, B. S. Lonner and R. A. Balderston, “Sagittal Cervical Alignment after Cervical Disc Arthroplasty and Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Results of a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial,” Spine, Vol. 34, No. 19, 2009, pp. 2001-2007. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b03fe6 [34] G. M. Quan, J. M. Vital, S. Hansen and V. Pointillart, “Eight-Year Clinical and Radiological Follow-Up of the Bryan Cervical Disc Arthroplasty,” Spine, Vol. 36, No. 8, 2011, pp. 639-646. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b03fe6 [35] C. W. Peng, W. M. Yue, A. Basit, C. M. Guo, B. P. Tow, J. L. Chen, M. Nidu, W. Yeo and S. B. Tan, “Intermediate Results of the Prestige LP Cervical Disc Replacement: Clinical and Radiological Analysis with Minimum TwoYear Follow-Up,” Spine, Vol. 36, No. 2, 2011, pp. E105E111. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b03fe6
[1] V. C. Traynelis, “The Prestige Cervical Disc Replacement,” The Spine Journal, Vol. 4, No. 6S, 2004, pp. 310S314S. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2004.07.025 [2] H. H. Bohlman, S. E. Emery, D. B. Goodfellow and P. K. Jones, “Robinson Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Arthrodesis for Cervical Radiculopathy: Long-Term Follow-Up of One Hundred and Twenty-Two Patients,” The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American), Vol. 75, No. 9, 1993, pp. 1298-1307. [3] R. A. Robinson and G. W. Smith, “Anterolateral Cervical Disc Removal and Interbody Fusion for Cervical Disc Syndrome,” Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Vol. 95, No. 1, 1955, pp. 223-224. [4] J. C. Eck, S. C. Humphreys, T. H. Lim, S. T. Jeong, J. G. Kim, S. D. Hodges and H. S. An, “Biomechanical Study on the Effect of Cervical Spine Fusion on Adjacent-Level Intradiscal Pressure and Segmental Motion,” Spine, Vol. 27, No. 22, 2002, pp. 2431-2434. doi:10.1097/00007632-200211150-00003 [5] S. Matsunaga, S. Kabayama, T. Yamamoto, K. Yone, T. Sakou and K. Nakanishi, “Strain on Intervertebral Discs after Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion,” Spine, Vol. 24, No. 7, 1999, pp. 670-675. doi:10.1097/00007632-200211150-00003 [6] C. Wigfield, S. Gill, R. Nelson, I. Langdon, N. Metcalf and J. Robertson, “Influence of an Artificial Cervical Joint Compared with Fusion on Adjacent-Level Motion in the Treatment of Degenerative Cervical Disc Disease,” Journal of Neurosurgery, Vol. 96, No. 1S, 2002, pp. 1721. [7] A. S. Hilibrand, G. D. Carlson, M. A. Palumbo, P. K. Jones and H. H. Bohlman, “Radiculopathy and Myelopathy at Segments Adjacent to the Site of a Previous Anterior Cervical Arthrodesis,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American), Vol. 81, No. 4, 1999, pp. 519-528. [8] H. M. Heneghan and J. P. McCabe, “Use of Autologous Bone Graft in Anterior Cervical Decompression: Morbidity & Quality of Life Analysis,” BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2009, p. 158. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-10-158 [9] R. D. Guyer and D. D. Ohnmeiss, “Intervertebral Disc Prosthesis,” Spine, Vol. 28, No. 15S, 2003, pp. S15-S23. doi:10.1097/01.BRS.0000076843.59883.E1 [10] R. B. Delamarter, D. M. Fribourg, L. E. Kanim and H. Bae, “ProDisc Artificial Total Lumbar Disc Replacement: Introduction and Early Results from the United States Clinical Trial,” Spine, Vol. 28, No. 20, 2003, pp. S167S175. doi:10.1097/01.BRS.0000092220.66650.2B [11] F. M. Phillips, G. Carlson, S. E. Emery and H. H. Bohlman, “Anterior Cervical Pseudarthrosis: Natural History and Treatment,” Spine, Vol. 22, No. 14, 1997, pp. 15851589. doi:10.1097/00007632-199707150-00012 [12] B. W. Wipperman, H. E. Schratt, S. Steeg and H. Tscherne, “Complications of Spongiosa Harvesting of the Iliac Crest: A Retrospective Analysis of 1191 Cases,” Der Chirurg, Vol. 68, No. 12, 1997, pp. 1286-1291. [13] J. A. Turner, M. Ersek, L. Herron, J. Haselkorn, D. Kent, M. A. Ciol and R. Deyo, “Patient Outcomes after Lumbar Spinal Fusions,” The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 268, No. 7, 1992, pp. 907-911. doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03490070089049 [14] U. Fernstrom, “Arthroplasty with Intercorporeal Endoprosthesis in Herniated Disc and in Painful Disc,” Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica: Supplementum, Vol. 357, 1966, pp. 154-159. [15] B. H. Cummins, J. T. Robertson and S. S. Gill, “Surgical Experience with an Implanted Artificial Cervical Joint,” Journal of Neurosurgery, Vol. 88, No. 6, 1998, pp. 943948. doi:10.3171/jns.1998.88.6.0943 [16] P. V. Mummaneni, J. K. Burkus, R. W. Haid, V. C. Traynelis and T. A. Zdeblick, “Clinical and Radiographic Analysis of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty Compared with Allograft Fusion: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial,” Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2007, pp. 198-209. doi:10.3171/spi.2007.6.3.198 [17] J. S. Silber, D. G. Anderson, S. D. Daffner, B. T. Brislin, J. M. Leland, A. S. Hilibrand, A. R. Vaccaro and T. J. Albert, “Donor Site Morbidity after Anterior Iliac Crest Bone Harvest for Single-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion,” Spine, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2003, pp. 134139. doi:10.1097/00007632-200301150-00008 [18] T. A. St. John, A. R. Vaccaro, A. P. Sah, M. Schaefer, S. C. Berta, T. Albert and A. Hilibrand, “Physical and Monetary Costs Associated with Autogenous Bone Graft Harvesting,” American Journal of Orthopaedics, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2003, pp. 18-23. [19] P. C. McAfee, A. Cappuccino, B. W. Cunningham, J. G. Devine, F. M. Phillips, J. J. Regan, T. J. Albert and J. E. Ahrens, “Lower Incidence of Dysphagia with Cervical Arthroplasty Compared with ACDF in a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial,” Journal of Spinal Disorders and Techniques, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2010, pp. 1-8. doi:10.1097/BSD.0b013e31819e2ab8 [20] R. C. Sasso and N. M. Best, “Cervical Kinematics after Fusion and Bryan Disc Arthroplasty,” Journal of Spinal Disorders and Techniques, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2008, pp. 1921. doi:10.1097/BSD.0b013e3180500778 [21] R. B. Delamarter and B. B. Pradhan, “Indications for Cervical Spine Prostheses, Early Experiences with ProDisc-C in the USA,” Spine Art, Vol. 1, 2004, pp. 7-9. [22] J. Goffin, F. Van Calenbergh, J. van Loon, A. Casey, P. Kehr, K. Liebig, B. Lind, C. Logroscino, R. Sgrambiglia and V. Pointillart, “Intermediate Follow-Up after Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease with Bryan Cervical Disc Prosthesis: Single-Level and Bi-Level,” Spine, Vol. 28, No. 24, 2003, pp. 2673-2678. doi:10.1097/01.BRS.0000099392.90849.AA [23] M. Cepoiu-Martin, P. Faris, D. Lorenzetti, E. Prefontaine, T. Noseworthy and L. Sutherland, “Artificial Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review,” Spine, Vol. 36, No. 25, 2011, pp. E1623-E1633. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182163814 [24] A. Nabhan, F. Ahlhelm, K. Shariat, T. Pitzen, O. Steimer, W. I. Steudel and D. Pape, “The ProDisc-C Prosthesis. Clinical and Radiological Experience 1 Year after Surgery,” Spine, Vol. 32, No. 18, 2007, pp. 1935-1941. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182163814 [25] R. C. Sasso, J. D. Smucker, R. J. Hacker and J. G. Heller, “Artificial Disc versus Fusion: A Prospective, Randomised Study with 2-Year Follow-Up on 99 Patients,” Spine, Vol. 32, No. 26, 2007, pp. 2933-2940. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815d0034 [26] B. J. Garrido, T. A. Taha and R. C. Sasso, “Clinical Outcomes of Bryan Cervical Disc Arthroplasty a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Single Site Trial with 48-Month Follow-Up,” Journal of Spinal Disorders and Techniques, Vol. 23, No. 6, 2010, pp. 367-371. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815d0034 [27] D. Murrey, M. Janssen, R. Delamarter, J. Goldstein, J. Zigler, B. Tay and B. Darden, “Results of the Prospective, Randomized, Multi-Center Food and Drug Administration Investigational Device Exemption Study of the ProDisc-C Total Disc Replacement versus Anterior Discectomy and Fusion for the Treatment of 1-Level Symptomatic Cervical Disc Disease,” The Spine Journal, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2009, pp. 275-286. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2008.05.006 [28] J. T. Robertson, S. M. Papadopoulos and V. C. Traynelis, “Assessment of Adjacent Segment Disease in Patients Treated with Cervical Fusion or Arthroplasty: A Prospective 2-Year Study,” Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, Vol. 3, No. 6, 2005, pp. 417-423. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2008.05.006 [29] A. E. Dmitriev, B. W. Cunningham, N. Hu, G. Sell, F. Vigna and P. C. McAfee, “Adjacent Level Intradiscal Pressure and Segmental Kinematics Following a Cervical Total Disc Arthroplasty: An in Vitro Human Cadaveric Model,” Spine, Vol. 30, No. 10, 2005, pp. 1165-1172. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000162441.23824.95 [30] C. A. Reitman, J. A. Hipp, L. Nguyen and S. I. Esses, “Changes in Segmental Intervertebral Motion Adjacent to Cervical Arthrodesis: A Prospective Study,” Spine, Vol. 29, No. 11, 2004, pp. E221-E226. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000162441.23824.95 [31] C. Wigfield, S. Gill, R. Nelson, I. Langdon, N. Metcalf and J. Robertson, “Influence of an Artificial Cervical Joint Compared with Fusion on Adjacent-Level Motion in the Treatment of Degenerative Cervical Disc Disease,” Journal of Neurosurgery, Vol. 96, No. 1S, 2002, pp. 17-21. [32] D. K. Park, E. L. Lin and F. M. Phillips, “Index and Adjacent Level Kinematics after Cervical Disc Replacement and Anterior Fusion: In Vivo Quantitative Radiographic Analysis,” Spine, Vol. 36, No. 9, 2011, pp. 721-730. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000162441.23824.95 [33] O. A. Anakwenze, J. D. Auerbach, A. H. Milby, B. S. Lonner and R. A. Balderston, “Sagittal Cervical Alignment after Cervical Disc Arthroplasty and Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Results of a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial,” Spine, Vol. 34, No. 19, 2009, pp. 2001-2007. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b03fe6 [34] G. M. Quan, J. M. Vital, S. Hansen and V. Pointillart, “Eight-Year Clinical and Radiological Follow-Up of the Bryan Cervical Disc Arthroplasty,” Spine, Vol. 36, No. 8, 2011, pp. 639-646. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b03fe6 [35] C. W. Peng, W. M. Yue, A. Basit, C. M. Guo, B. P. Tow, J. L. Chen, M. Nidu, W. Yeo and S. B. Tan, “Intermediate Results of the Prestige LP Cervical Disc Replacement: Clinical and Radiological Analysis with Minimum TwoYear Follow-Up,” Spine, Vol. 36, No. 2, 2011, pp. E105E111. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b03fe6