Slight free falling impact test for assessing guava maturity
Affiliation(s)
Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Chiayi University. Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, National Chiayi University.
Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Chiayi University. Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, National Chiayi University.
ABSTRACT
A non-destructive method for assessing the maturity of guava was developed based on the mechanical properties of the fruit under the slight falling impact test. The levels of maturity were classified with cluster and discriminant analyses on the primitive impact measurements and their derivatives. The accuracy of classification was improved with linear discriminant analysis and the number of indices being processed was reduced with stepwise regression analysis. The accuracy of classification is 84.21%. The performance shows that slight falling impact together with linear discriminant analysis provides a promising non-destructive approach in assessing the maturity of guavas.
Cite this paper
Lien, C.-C.and Ting, C.-H.(2013) Slight free falling impact test for assessing guava maturity. Agricultural Sciences, 4, 21-27. doi: 10.4236/as.2013.45B004.
Lien, C.-C.and Ting, C.-H.(2013) Slight free falling impact test for assessing guava maturity. Agricultural Sciences, 4, 21-27. doi: 10.4236/as.2013.45B004.
References
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[1] Wu, T. and Abbott, J.A. (2002) Firmness and force relaxation characteristics of tomatoesstored intact or as slices. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 59, 59-68. doi:10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00133-8 [2] Singh, K.K. and Reddy, B.S. (2006) Postharvest physco-mechanical properties of orangepeel and fruit. Journal of Food Engineering, 73, 112-120. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.01.010 [3] Mohsenin, N.(1986) Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials, second ed. Gordon and Breach, New York, USA. [4] De Ketelaere, B., Howarth, M.S., Crezee, L., Lammertyn, J., Viaene, K., Bulens, I. and DeBaerdemaeker, J. (2006) Postharvest firmness changes as measured by acousticand low-mass impact devices:a comparison of techniques. Postharvest Biologyand Technology, 41, 275-284. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.04.008 [5] ASAE(1993) Compression test food materials of convex shape. In: ASAE Standards. ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan, Ch. S368.2, pp. 451-455. [6] Delwiche, S.R. (2000) Wheat endosperm compressive strength properties as affectedby moisture. Transaction of the ASAE, 43, 365-373. [7] Fidelibus, M.W., Teixeira, A.A. and Davies, F.S. (2002) Mechanical properties of orangepeel and fruit treated preharvest with gibberellic acid. Transaction of the ASAE45, 1057-1062. [8] Abbott, J.A.(1999) Quality measurement of fruits and vegetables. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 15, 207-225. doi:10.1016/S0925-5214(98)00086-6 [9] Peleg, K. (1999) Development of a commercial fruit firmness sorter. Journal ofAgricultural Engineering Research, 72, 231-238. [10] De Ketelaere, B. and de Baerdemaeker, J. (2001) Tomato firmness estimation usingvibration measurements. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 56, 385-394. doi:10.1016/S0378-4754(01)00309-3 [11] Jarén, C. and Garczía-Pardo, E. (2002) Using non-destructive impact testing for sortingfruits. Journal of Food Engineering, 53, 89-95. doi:10.1016/S0260-8774(01)00144-3 [12] Lien, C. C., C. Ay and C. H. Ting. (2009) Non-destructive impact test for assessment of tomato maturity. Journal of Food Engineering, 91, 402-407. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.09.036 [13] Delwiche, M.J., McDonald, T. and Bowers, S.V. (1987) Determination of peach firmnessby analysis of impact forces. Transaction of the ASAE, 30, 249-254. [14] Brusewitz, G.H., Mccollum, T.G. and Zhang, X.(1991) Impact bruise resistance ofpeaches. Transactions of the ASAE, 34, 962-965. [15] García-Ramos, F.J., Navate, J.O.-C., Ruiz-Altisent, M., Díez, J., Flores, L., Homer, I. and Chávez, J. (2003) Development and implementation of an on-line impact sensorfor firmness sensing of fruits. Journal of Food Engineering, 58, 53-57. doi:10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00333-3 [16] Shmulevich, I., Galili, N. and Howarth, M.S. (2003) Nondestructive dynamic testing ofapples for firmness evaluation. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 29, 287-299. doi:10.1016/S0925-5214(03)00039-5 [17] Hahn, F.(2004) Mango firmness sorter. Biosystems Engineering, 89, 309-319. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.07.005 [18] Wang, J., Teng, B. and Yu, Y. (2006) The firmness detection by excitation dynamic characteristics for peach. Food Control, 17, 353-358. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2004.12.001 [19] Gutierrez, A., Burgos, J.A. and Molto, E.(2007) Pre-commercial sorting line for peaches firmness assessment. Journal of Food Engineering, 81, 721-727. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.01.006 [20] Reyes, M.G., Paull, R.E., Williamson, M.R. and Gautz, L.D. (1996) Ripeness de-terminationof ‘‘solo” papaya (Carica Papaya L.) by impact forces. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 12, 703-708. [21] Van linden, V., Scheerlinck, N., Desmet, M. and De Baerdemaeker, J. (2006) Factors thataffect tomato bruise development as a result of mechanical impact. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 42, 260-270. [22] Arazuri, S., Jarén, C., Arana, J.I. and Pérez de Ciriza, J.J.( 2007) Influence of mechanical harvest on the physical properties of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Journal of Food Engineering, 80, 190-198. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.05.008 [23] Atanackovic, T. M., Spasic D. T. (2004) On Viscoelastic Compliant Contact-Impact Models. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 71, 134-138. doi.org/10.1115/1.1629106 [24] Brogliato, B. (1999) Nonsmooth Dynamics. Springer, London. [25] Butcher, E. A. and Segalman, D. J. (2000) Characterizing Damping and Restitution in Compliant Impact via ModiRed K-V and Higher Order Linear Viscoelastic Models. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 67, 831-834. doi:10.1115/1.1308578 [26] Chen, H. and De Baerdemaeker, J.(1995) Optimization of impact parameter for reliableexcitation of apples during firmness monitoring. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 61, 275-282. doi:10.1006/jaer.1995.1055 [27] Grotte, M., Duprat, F., Loonis, D. and Piétri, E. (2001) Mechanical properties of the skinand the flesh of apples. International Journal of Food Properties, 4, 149-161. [28] Batu, A.(2004) Determination of acceptable firmness and colour values of tomatoes. Journal of Food Engineering, 61, 471-475. doi:10.1016/S0260-8774(03)00141-9