Tensile Properties of Veins of Damselfly Wing
ABSTRACT
Microtension test of Costa and Radius veins of damselfly wing was conducted to measure tensile strength and modulus. The specimens were classified into fresh and dry depending on when the samples were prepared and tested. Fresh samples tested immediately after extracting from the fly while the dry samples were tested one year after extraction and stored in a desiccator. Measured load-displacement response and fracture load were used to calculate modulus and strength. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope was used to measure the fracture morphology and cross-section of the vein. The results showed that the veins are brittle and fracture surface is flat. The average strength (232 - 285 MPa) and modulus (14 - 17 GPa) of the Costa and Radius veins were nearly same for both fresh and dry samples. The tensile modulus of the veins was 8% - 10% higher than the indentation (compressive) modulus and was nearly the same as that of human bones.
Microtension test of Costa and Radius veins of damselfly wing was conducted to measure tensile strength and modulus. The specimens were classified into fresh and dry depending on when the samples were prepared and tested. Fresh samples tested immediately after extracting from the fly while the dry samples were tested one year after extraction and stored in a desiccator. Measured load-displacement response and fracture load were used to calculate modulus and strength. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope was used to measure the fracture morphology and cross-section of the vein. The results showed that the veins are brittle and fracture surface is flat. The average strength (232 - 285 MPa) and modulus (14 - 17 GPa) of the Costa and Radius veins were nearly same for both fresh and dry samples. The tensile modulus of the veins was 8% - 10% higher than the indentation (compressive) modulus and was nearly the same as that of human bones.
Cite this paper
R. Talucdher and K. Shivakumar, "Tensile Properties of Veins of Damselfly Wing," Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, Vol. 4 No. 3, 2013, pp. 247-255. doi: 10.4236/jbnb.2013.43031.
R. Talucdher and K. Shivakumar, "Tensile Properties of Veins of Damselfly Wing," Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, Vol. 4 No. 3, 2013, pp. 247-255. doi: 10.4236/jbnb.2013.43031.
References
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[1] J. Y. Sun, C. X. Pan, J. Tong and J. Zhang, “Coupled Model Analysis of the Structure and Nano-Mechanical Properties of Dragonfly Wings,” IET Nanobiotechnology, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2009, pp. 10-18. doi:10.1049/iet-nbt.2009.0009 [2] S. A. Combes and T. L. Daniel, “Flexurul Stiffness in Insect Wings I. Scaling and the Influence of Wing Venation,” The Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 206, No. 17, 2003, pp. 2979-2987. doi:10.1242/jeb.00523 [3] K. Machida and J. Shimanuki, “Structure Analysis of the Wing of a Dragonfly,” Third International Conference on Experimental Mechanics and Third Conference of the Asian Committee on Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 5852, 2005, 671-676. [4] J. Tong, Y. Zhao, J. Sun and D. Chen, “Nanomechanical Properties of the Stigma of Dragonfly; Anax Parthenope Julius Brauer,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 42, No. 8, 2007, pp. 2894-2898. doi:10.1007/s10853-007-1651-5 [5] R. J. Wotton and J. S. Newman, “An Approach to the Mechanics of Pleating in Dragonfly Wing,” Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 125, No. 5, 1986, pp. 361-372. [6] C.-H. Chang, K. Ting and K.-T. Chen, “Study on Nanomechanical Properties of Dragonfly Wing,” Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 79-82, 2009, pp. 1325-1328. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.79-82.1325 [7] F. Song, K. W. Xiao, K. Bai and Y. L. Bai, “Microstructure and Nanomechanical Properties of the Wing Membrane of Dragonfly,” Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 457, No. 1-2, 2007, pp. 254-260. [8] P. Kreuz, W. Arnold and A. B. Kesel, “Acoustic Microscopic Analysis of the Biological Structure of Insect Wing Membranes with Emphasis on Their Waxy Surface,” Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 12, 2001, pp. 1054-1058. doi:10.1114/1.1424921 [9] J. Sun and B. Bhushan, “The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Dragonfly Wings and Their Role on Fly Ability,” Comptes Rendus Mécanique, Vol. 340, No. 1, 2012, pp. 3-17. doi:10.1016/j.crme.2011.11.003 [10] J. K. Shang, S. A. Combes, B. M. Finio and R. J. Wood, “Artificial Insect Wings of Diverse Morphology for Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles,” Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2009, 036002. doi:10.1088/1748-3182/4/3/036002 [11] X.-S. Wang, Y. Li and Y.-F. Shi, “Effects of Sandwich Microstructures on Mechanical Behaviors of Dragonfly Wing Vein,” Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 68, No. 1, 2008, pp. 186-192. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.05.023 [12] M. Kempf, “Determination of Young’s Moduli of the Insect Cuticle (Dragonflies; Anisoptera),” Application Note, Hysitron, 2000. [13] A. R. Talucdher, S. Yarmolenko, S. Lingaiah and K. N. Shivakumar, “Indentation Properties of NC Dragonfly Wing by Nanoindentation,” Conference Proceeding of 26th Annual Technical Conference of the American Society for Composites 2011 and the 2nd Joint US-Canada Conference on Composites, Vol. 1, 2011, pp. 67-81. [14] K. N. Shivakumar, W. Elber and W. Illg, “Prediction of Impact Force and Duration Due to Low-Velocity Impact on Circular Composite Laminates,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 52, No. 3, 1985, pp. 674-680. doi:10.1115/1.3169120 [15] J. Rho, R. Ashman and C. Turner, “Young’s Modulus of Trabecular and Cortical Bone Material: Ultrasonic and Microtensile Measurements,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 26, No. 2, 1993, pp. 111-119. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(93)90042-D