Influence of late emerging weeds in glyphosate-resistant corn
Author(s)
Nader Soltani*,
Robert E. Nurse,
Eric Page,
Wesley J. Everman,
Christy L. Sprague,
Peter H. Sikkema
Affiliation(s)
University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, Canada. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, Canada. Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, Canada. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, Canada. Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
ABSTRACT
Fifteen field trials were conducted from 2009 to 2011 in Ontario, Canada and Michigan, USA to determine how long glyphosate-resistant corn needs to be kept weed-free after emergence to prevent yield loss. Data were separated into two environments based on when yield loss first occurred after glyphosate application. In Environment 1 (4/15 sites) yield was not reduced when corn was kept weed-free until the 4-leaf stage. However, in Environment 2 (11/15 sites) there was no yield loss when corn was kept weed-free up to the 2-leaf stage. The most prominent weeds were velvetleaf, redroot pigweed, common ragweed, common lambsquarters and foxtail species. While later emerging weeds did not necessarily impact corn yield, weeds emerging after the 2- and 4-leaf corn stage likely produced seed that was added to the soil seed bank. Weeds emerging after 6-, 8-, and 10-leaf corn growth stages were small (low biomass/seedlings) and most likely did not reach reproductive maturity. Based on this research, corn must be maintained weed-free up to the 4-leaf stage. Any weeds emerging after that did not influence corn yield.
Cite this paper
Soltani, N. , Nurse, R. , Page, E. , Everman, W. , Sprague, C. and Sikkema, P. (2013) Influence of late emerging weeds in glyphosate-resistant corn. Agricultural Sciences, 4, 275-281. doi: 10.4236/as.2013.46039.
Soltani, N. , Nurse, R. , Page, E. , Everman, W. , Sprague, C. and Sikkema, P. (2013) Influence of late emerging weeds in glyphosate-resistant corn. Agricultural Sciences, 4, 275-281. doi: 10.4236/as.2013.46039.
References
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[1] Kulasekera, K. (2012a) Grain corn: Area and production, by county, 2011. http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/stats/crops/ctygrcorn11.htm [2] Kulasekera, K. (2012b) Statistical summary of Ontario agriculture. http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/stats/agriculture_summary.htm#commodities [3] Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (2012) Guide to weed control, publication 75. OMAFRA, Toronto, 379. [4] Sikkema, P.H., Robinson, D.E., Tardif, F.J., Lawton, M.B. and Soltani, N. (2013) Discovery of glyphosate-resistant weeds in Ontario, Canada—Distribution plus control. Global Herbicide Resistant Challenge Conference, Perth, 18-22 February 2013, 96. [5] Sikkema, P.H. and Soltani, N. (2007) Herbicide-resistant crops in eastern Canada. In: Gulden, R.H. and Swanton, C.J., Eds., The First Decade of Herbicide-Resistant Crops in Canada. Topics in Canadian Weed Science, 4, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, 3-13. [6] Barnes, J.W. and Oliver, L.R. (2004) Cloransulam antagonizes annual grass control with aryloxyphenoxypropionate graminicides but not cyclohexanediones. Weed Technology, 18, 763-772. doi:10.1614/WT-03-181R [7] Nurse, R.E., Swanton, C.J., Tardif, F. and Sikkema, P.H. (2006) Weed control and yield are improved when glyphosate is preceded by a residual herbicide in glyphosate-tolerant maize (Zea mays). Crop Protection, 25, 11741179. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2006.02.015 [8] Stewart, C.L., Soltani, N., Nurse, R.E., Hamill, A.S. and Sikkema P.H. (2012) Precipitation influences pre- and post-emergence herbicide efficacy in corn. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3, 1193-1204. doi:10.4236/ajps.2012.39145 [9] Young, B.G. (2006) Changes in herbicide use patterns and production practices resulting from glyphosate-resistant crops. Weed Technology, 20, 301-307. doi:10.1614/WT-04-189.1 [10] Baysinger J.A. and Sims, B.D. (1992) Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) interference in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Science, 39, 358-362. [11] Fellows, G.M. and Roeth, F.W. (1992) Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) interference in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Science, 40, 68-73. [12] Mulugeta, D. and Boerboom, C.M. (2000) Critical time of weed removal in glyphosate-resistant Glycine max. Weed Science, 48, 35-42. doi:10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0035:CTOWRI]2.0.CO;2 [13] Gonzini, L.C., Hart, S.E. and Wax, L.M. (1999) Herbicide combinations for weed management in glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technology, 13, 354-360. [14] Gower, S.A. , Loux , M.M., Cardina , J. and Harrison, S.K. (2002) Effect of planting date, residual herbicide, and postemergence application timing on weed control and grain yield in glyphosate-resistant corn (Zea mays). Weed Technology, 16, 488-494. doi:10.1614/0890-037X(2002)016[0488:EOPDRH]2.0.CO;2 [15] Hartzler, B. (1996) Is one-pass weed control a realistic goal? Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University Extension Agronomy, 3. [16] Loux, M.M., Dobbels, A.F., Johnson, W.G., Nice, G.R.W., Bauman, T.T. and Stachler, J.M. (2008) Weed control guide for Ohio and Indiana. Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 789/Purdue Extension Pub No. WS16, 201. [17] Nurse, R.E., Hamill, A.S., Swanton, C.J., Tardif, F.J., Deen, W. and Sikkema, P.H. (2007) Is the application of a residual herbicide required prior to glyphosate application in no-till glyphosate-tolerant soybean (Glycine max)? Crop Protection, 26, 484-489. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2006.04.018 [18] Stewart, C.L., Nurse, R.E., Hamill, A.S. and Sikkema, P.H. (2010) Environment and soil conditions influence pre- and post-emergence herbicide efficacy in soybean. Weed Technology, 24, 234-243. doi:10.1614/WT-09-009.1 [19] Boerboom, C. (2003) Economics of residual herbicides in Roundup Ready crops. http://www.soils.wisc.edu/extension/FAPM/2003proceedings/Boerboom-1.pdf [20] Soltani, N., Stewart, C.L., Nurse, R.E., Van Eerd, L.L., Vyn, R.J. and Sikkema, P.H. (2012) Weed control, environmental impact and profitability of weed management strategies in glyphosate-tolerant Corn. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3, 1594-1607. [21] Thomas, W.E., Burke, I.C. and Wilcut, J.W. (2004). Weed management in glyphosate-resistant corn with glyphosate, halosulfuron, and mesotrione. Weed Technology, 18, 826834. [22] Ritchie, S.W., Hanway, J.J. and Benson, G.O. (1993) How a corn plant develops. Iowa State University of Science and Technology Cooperative Extension Service, Ames. [23] Gower, S.A., Loux, M.M., Cardina, J., Harrison, S.K., Sprankle, P.L., et al. (2003) Effect of postemergence glyphosate application timing on weed control and grain yield in glyphosate-resistance corn: Results of a 2 year multistate study. Weed Technology, 17, 821-828. [24] Cox, W.J., Hahn R.R. and Stachowski, P.J. (2006) Time of weed removal with glyphosate affects corn growth and yield components. Agronomy Journal, 98, 349-353. [25] Dalley, C.D., Kells, J.J. and Renner. K.A. (2004) Effect of glyphosate application timing and row spacing on corn and soybean yields. Weed Technology, 18, 165-176. [26] Hall, M.R., Swanton, C.J. and Anderson, G.J. (1992) The critical period of weed control in grain corn. Weed Science, 40, 441-447. [27] Tharp, B.E. and Kells, J.J. (1999). Influence of herbicide application rate, timing, and interrow cultivation on weed control and corn (Zea mays) yield in glufosinate-resistant and glyphosate-resistant corn. Weed Technology, 13, 807813.