Theory of affinity maturation of antibodies
Author(s)
Udo Riss*
ABSTRACT
Based on the theory of long distance interaction between antibodies and antigens we developed a theory of affinity maturation of antibodies that is based on longitudinale electric waves. Early stage antibodies show a wide frequency spectrum for antigens and are polyspecific. After affinity maturation the antibody shows a very narrow band spectrum, the antibodies become monospecific. The feedback between antibody and antibody producing cell is done via messenger molecules that are also communicating with help of longitudinal electric waves. These messenger molecules transfer information from antibody arms and are informing cells whether the epitopes are switched on or off. The folding of antibody is done via eigen frequency resonances.
Cite this paper
Riss, U. (2013) Theory of affinity maturation of antibodies. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 4, 67-72. doi: 10.4236/abb.2013.44A010.
Riss, U. (2013) Theory of affinity maturation of antibodies. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 4, 67-72. doi: 10.4236/abb.2013.44A010.
References
[1] Riss, U. (2012) Theory and measurement of long distance interaction between antibodies and antigens. Bit’s 4th Annual Congress of Antibodies, Peking, 2012, 29. [2] Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, H. and Walter, P. (2011) Molekularbiologie der Zelle. Wiley- VCH Verklag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. [3] Rini, J.M., Schulze-Gahmen, U. and Wilson, I.A. (1992) Structural evidence for induced fit as a mechanism for antibody-antigen recognition. Science, 255, 959-965. doi:10.1126/science.1546293 [4] Yan, C. (2012) Generation and affinity maturation of fully human soluble VH domain antibodies and IgGs using dsDNA display. Bit’s 4th Annual Congress of Antibodies, Peking, 26-28 March 2012, 59. [5] Riss, U. (2011) Theory of long distance interaction between antibodies and antigens. European Biophysics Journal, 40, 987-1005. [6] Trevor King, W. (2009) Theoretical power spectral density for a damped harmonic oscillator. http://www.physics.drexel.edu/~wking/rsrch/papers/cantilever_calib/node3.html [7] http://users-phys.au.dk/hans/tidsserie/Notes_05.pdf [8] Riss, U. (2011) Theory of long distance interaction between antibodies and antigens. European Biophysics Journal, 40, 987-1005. [9] Hans Martin Jäck (2007) Konzepte der immunologie für naturwissenschaftler. Leture Notes, University Erlangen, Erlangen. http://www.molim.uni-erlangen.de/docs/konzepte_ak_methoden.pdf [10] Riss, U. (2013) Error corrected sub-monolayer ellipsometry for measurement of biomolecular interactions. Open Journal of Biophysics, 3, 76-85. doi:10.4236/ojbiphy.2013.31A010 [11] Idris, A., Alam, M.T. and Ikai, A. (2000) Spring mechanics of alpha-helical polypeptide. Protein Engineering Design and Selection, 13, 763-770. doi:10.1093/protein/13.11.763 [12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider_silk [13] Gross, M. (2000) Proteins that convert from alpha helix to beta sheet: Implications for folding and disease. Current Protein & Peptide Science, 1, 339-347. doi:10.2174/1389203003381289 [14] You Tube Video (2008) Non-Newtonian fluid on a speaker cone. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zoTKXXNQIU
[1] Riss, U. (2012) Theory and measurement of long distance interaction between antibodies and antigens. Bit’s 4th Annual Congress of Antibodies, Peking, 2012, 29. [2] Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, H. and Walter, P. (2011) Molekularbiologie der Zelle. Wiley- VCH Verklag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. [3] Rini, J.M., Schulze-Gahmen, U. and Wilson, I.A. (1992) Structural evidence for induced fit as a mechanism for antibody-antigen recognition. Science, 255, 959-965. doi:10.1126/science.1546293 [4] Yan, C. (2012) Generation and affinity maturation of fully human soluble VH domain antibodies and IgGs using dsDNA display. Bit’s 4th Annual Congress of Antibodies, Peking, 26-28 March 2012, 59. [5] Riss, U. (2011) Theory of long distance interaction between antibodies and antigens. European Biophysics Journal, 40, 987-1005. [6] Trevor King, W. (2009) Theoretical power spectral density for a damped harmonic oscillator. http://www.physics.drexel.edu/~wking/rsrch/papers/cantilever_calib/node3.html [7] http://users-phys.au.dk/hans/tidsserie/Notes_05.pdf [8] Riss, U. (2011) Theory of long distance interaction between antibodies and antigens. European Biophysics Journal, 40, 987-1005. [9] Hans Martin Jäck (2007) Konzepte der immunologie für naturwissenschaftler. Leture Notes, University Erlangen, Erlangen. http://www.molim.uni-erlangen.de/docs/konzepte_ak_methoden.pdf [10] Riss, U. (2013) Error corrected sub-monolayer ellipsometry for measurement of biomolecular interactions. Open Journal of Biophysics, 3, 76-85. doi:10.4236/ojbiphy.2013.31A010 [11] Idris, A., Alam, M.T. and Ikai, A. (2000) Spring mechanics of alpha-helical polypeptide. Protein Engineering Design and Selection, 13, 763-770. doi:10.1093/protein/13.11.763 [12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider_silk [13] Gross, M. (2000) Proteins that convert from alpha helix to beta sheet: Implications for folding and disease. Current Protein & Peptide Science, 1, 339-347. doi:10.2174/1389203003381289 [14] You Tube Video (2008) Non-Newtonian fluid on a speaker cone. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zoTKXXNQIU