Synthesis and application of a novel star-hyperbranched poly(acrylic acid) for improved dental restoratives
ABSTRACT
A new star-hyperbranched poly(acrylic acid) has been synthesized and incorporated into dental glassionomer cement for enhanced mechanical strengths. The effects of arm number and branching on viscosity of the polymer aqueous solution and mechanical strengths of the formed experimental cement were evaluated. It was found that the higher the arm number and the more the branching, the lower the viscosity of the polymer solution as well as the mechanical strengths of the formed cement. It was also found that the experimental cement exhibited significantly higher mechanical strengths than commercial Fuji II LC. The experimental cement was 51% in CS, 55% in compressive modulus, 118% in DTS, 82% in FS, 18% in FT and 85% in KHN higher than Fuji II LC. The experimental cement was only 6.7% of abrasive and 10% of attritional wear depths of Fuji II LC in each wear cycle. It appears that this novel experimental cement is a clinically attractive dental restorative and may potentially be used for high-wear and high-stress-bearing site restorations.
A new star-hyperbranched poly(acrylic acid) has been synthesized and incorporated into dental glassionomer cement for enhanced mechanical strengths. The effects of arm number and branching on viscosity of the polymer aqueous solution and mechanical strengths of the formed experimental cement were evaluated. It was found that the higher the arm number and the more the branching, the lower the viscosity of the polymer solution as well as the mechanical strengths of the formed cement. It was also found that the experimental cement exhibited significantly higher mechanical strengths than commercial Fuji II LC. The experimental cement was 51% in CS, 55% in compressive modulus, 118% in DTS, 82% in FS, 18% in FT and 85% in KHN higher than Fuji II LC. The experimental cement was only 6.7% of abrasive and 10% of attritional wear depths of Fuji II LC in each wear cycle. It appears that this novel experimental cement is a clinically attractive dental restorative and may potentially be used for high-wear and high-stress-bearing site restorations.
Cite this paper
nullZhao, J. , Weng, Y. and Xie, D. (2010) Synthesis and application of a novel star-hyperbranched poly(acrylic acid) for improved dental restoratives. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 3, 1050-1060. doi: 10.4236/jbise.2010.311136.
nullZhao, J. , Weng, Y. and Xie, D. (2010) Synthesis and application of a novel star-hyperbranched poly(acrylic acid) for improved dental restoratives. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 3, 1050-1060. doi: 10.4236/jbise.2010.311136.
References
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[1] Smith, D.C. (1998) Development of glass-ionomer cement systems. Biomaterials, 19(6), 467-478. [2] Wilson, A.D. and McLean, J.W. (1988) Glass-ionomer cements. Quintessence Publ Co., Chicago. [3] Davidson, C.L. and Mj?r, I.A. (1999) Advances in glass-ionomer cements. Quintessence Publ Co., Chicago. [4] Wilson, A.D. (1990) Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement. The International Journal of Prosthodontics, 3(5), 425-429. [5] Hotz, P., McLean, J.W., Sced, I. and Wilson, A.D. (1977) The bonding of glass-ionomer cements to metal and tooth substrates. British Dental Journal, 142(2), 41-47. [6] Lacefield, W.R., Reindl, M.C. and Retief, D.H. (1985) Tensile bond strength of a glass-ionomer cement. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 53(2), 194-198. [7] Forsten, L. (1977) Fluoride release from a glass-ionomer cement. Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research, 85, 503-504. [8] Craig, R.G. (1997) Restorative Dental Materials. 10th Edition, Mosby-Year Book, Inc., St Louis. [9] Nicholson, J.W., Braybrook, J.H. and Wasson, E.A. (1991) The biocompatibility of glass-poly(alkenoate) glass-ionomer cements: a review. Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition, 2(4), 277-285. [10] Hume, W.R. and Mount, G.J. (1988) In vitro studies on the potential for pulpal cytotoxicity of glass-ionomer cements. Journal of Dental Research, 67(6), 915-918. [11] Guggenberger, R., May, R. and Stefan, K.P. (1998) New trends in glass-ionomer chemistry. Biomaterials, 19(6), 479-483. [12] Mitra, S.B. (1991) Adhesion to dentin and physical properties of a light-cured glass-ionomer liner/base. Journal of Dental Research, 70(1), 72-74. [13] Momoi, Y., Hirosaki, K., Kohno, A. and McCabe, J.F. (1995) Flexural properties of resin-modified “hybrid” glass-ionomers in comparison with conventional acid- base glass-ionomers. Dental Materials Journal, 14(2), 109-119. [14] Xie, D., Culbertson, B.M. and Johnston, W.M. (1998) Formulations of light-curable glass-ionomer cements containing N-vinylpyrrolidone. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A Pure and Applied Chemistry, A35(10), 1631-1650. [15] Xie, D., Wu, W., Puckett, A., Farmer, B. and Mays, J. (2004) Novel resin modified glass ionomer cements with improved flexural strength and ease of handling. European Polymer Journal, 40(2), 343-351. [16] Kao, E.C., Culbertson, B.M. and Xie, D. (1996) Preparation of glass-ionomer cement using N-acryloyl-substituted amino acid monomers: Evaluation of physical properties. Dental Materials, 12(1), 44-51. [17] Xie, D., Chung, I.-D., Wu, W., Lemons, J., Puckett, A. and Mays, J. (2004) An amino acid modified and non-HEMA containing glass-ionomer cement. Biomaterials, 25(10), 1825-1830. [18] Xie, D., Culbertson, B.M. and Johnston, W.M. (1998) Improved flexural strength of N-vinylpyrrolidone modified acrylic acid copolymers for glass-ionomers. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A Pure and Applied Chemistry, A35(10), 1615-1629. [19] Bahadur, P. and Sastry, N.V. (2002) Principles of Polymer Science. CRC press, Boca Raton. [20] Huang, C.F., Lee, H.F., Kuo, S.W., Xu, H. and Chang, F.C. (2004) Star polymers via atom transfer radical polymerization from adamantine-based cores. Polymer, 45(7), 2261-2269. [21] Xie, D., Park, J.G. and Zhao, J. (2007) Synthesis and preparation of novel 4-arm star-shape poly(carboxylic acid)s for improved light-cured glass-ionomer cements. Dental Materials, 23(4), 395-403. [22] Xie, D., Yang, Y., Zhao, J., Park, J.G. and Zhang, J.T. (2007) A novel comonomer-free light-cured glass-ionomer cement for reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced mechanical strength. Dental Materials, 23(8), 994-1003. [23] Ibrahim, K., Lofgren, B. and Seppala, J. (2003) Synthesis of tertiary-butyl acrylate polymers and preparation of diblock copolymers using atom transfer radical polymerization. European Polymer Journal, 39(10), 2005- 2010. [24] Davis, K.A., Charleux, B. and Matyjaszewski, K. (2000) Preparation of block copolymers of polystyrene and poly(t-butyl acrylate) of various molecular weights and architectures by atom transfer radical polymerization. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 38(12), 2274-2283. [25] Johnson, W.W., Dhuru, V.B. and Brantley, W.A. (1993) Composite microfiller content and its effect on fracture toughness and diametral tensile strength. Dental Materials, 9(2), 95-98. [26] Xie, D., Brantley, W.A., Culbertson, B.M. and Wang, G. (2000) Mechanical properties and microstructures of glass-ionomer cements. Dental Materials, 16(2), 129- 138. [27] Dowling, A.H. and Fleming, G.J.P. (2007) The impact of montmorillonite clay addition on the in vitro wear resistance of a glass-ionomer restorative. Journal of Dentistry, 35(4), 309-317. [28] Condon, J.R. and Ferracane, J.L. (1996) Evaluation of composite wear with a new multi-mode oral wear simulator. Dental Materials, 12(4), 218-226. [29] Turssi, C.P., Ferracane, J.L. and Vogel, K. (2005) Filler features and their effects on wear and degree of conversion of particulate dental resin composites. Biomaterials, 26(24), 4932-4937. [30] Matyjaszewski, K. and Xia, J. (2001) Atom transfer radical polymerization. Chemical Reviews, 101(9), 2921- 2990. [31] Cattani-Lorente, M.A., Godin, C. and Meyer, J.M. (1994) Mechanical behavior of glass ionomer cements affected by long-term storage in water. Dental Materials, 10(1), 37-44.