Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Saline Intrusions in Coastal Aquifers of Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria
Author(s)
Adewuyi Gregory Olufemi*
ABSTRACT
As a result of immense industrialisation and high population growth, groundwater is heavily relied on in Lagos metropolis to serve as an alternative source of water where surface water is seriously polluted. The continued reliance on ground water has resulted in its decline in quantity and quality. In this study, the coastal aquifers of Lagos metropolis were selected for an assessment of its groundwater quality and impact of saline intrusion. Water samples collected along the coastal region were subjected to various physicochemical analyses. Results obtained were compared with permissible values for drinking water stated by Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and World Health Organization (WHO). The results revealed that all the water samples were significantly hard (range 522.14 – 1233.34mg/L). The salinity was delineated by conductivity measurements. Three samples had specific conductance above the stated limits for fresh water. The samples however met the stipulated limits for drinking water for the other tested parameters.
As a result of immense industrialisation and high population growth, groundwater is heavily relied on in Lagos metropolis to serve as an alternative source of water where surface water is seriously polluted. The continued reliance on ground water has resulted in its decline in quantity and quality. In this study, the coastal aquifers of Lagos metropolis were selected for an assessment of its groundwater quality and impact of saline intrusion. Water samples collected along the coastal region were subjected to various physicochemical analyses. Results obtained were compared with permissible values for drinking water stated by Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and World Health Organization (WHO). The results revealed that all the water samples were significantly hard (range 522.14 – 1233.34mg/L). The salinity was delineated by conductivity measurements. Three samples had specific conductance above the stated limits for fresh water. The samples however met the stipulated limits for drinking water for the other tested parameters.
Cite this paper
A. Olufemi, "Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Saline Intrusions in Coastal Aquifers of Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria," Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol. 2 No. 10, 2010, pp. 849-853. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2010.210100.
A. Olufemi, "Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Saline Intrusions in Coastal Aquifers of Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria," Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol. 2 No. 10, 2010, pp. 849-853. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2010.210100.
References
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[1] A. T. Batayneh, “Use of Electrical Resistivity Methods for Detecting Subsurface fresh a Saline Water and Delineating their Interfacial Configuration: A Case Study of the Eastern Dead Sea Coastal Aquifers,” Jordan Hydrogeology Journal, Vol. 14, No. 7, 2006, pp. 1277-1283. [2] J. O. Oseji and O. Ujuanbi, “Hydrogeophysical Investigation of Groundwater potential in Emu kingdom, Ndokwa land of Delta State, Nigeria,” International Journal of Physical Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 5, 2009, pp. 275-284. [3] J. Y. Lee and S. H. Song, “Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in Coastal Areas: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture” Environmental Geology, Vol. 52, No. 7, 2007, pp. 1231-1242. [4] K. Choudhury, D. K. Saha and P. Chakraborty, “Geophysical Study for Saline Water Intrusion in a Coastal Alluvial Terrain,” Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 46, No. ER4, 2001, pp. 189-200. [5] R. K. Frohlich, D. W. Urish, J. Fuller and M. O. Reilly, “Use of Geoelectrical Method in Groundwater Pollution Surveys in a Coastal Environment,” Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 32, No. 2-3, 1994, pp. 139-154. [6] D. W. Urish and R. K. Frohlich, “Surface Electrical Resistivity in Coastal Groundwater Exploration,” Geoexploration, Vol. 26, No. 4, 1990, pp. 267-289. [7] F. W. Leaney, A. L. Herizeg and G. R. Walker, “Salinization of a Fresh Paleo-Groudwater Resource by Enhanced Recharge,” Groundwater, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2003, pp. 84-90. [8] P. G. Macumber, “Interaction between Groundwater and Surface Systems in Northern Victoria,” Department of Conservation and Environment, Victoria, 1991. [9] World Health Organization. “Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality,” W.H.O., Geneva, 1993, p. 188. [10] R. K. Frohlich and D. W. Urish, “The use of Geoelectrics and Test Wells for the Assessment of Groundwater Quality of a Coastal Industrial Site,” Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 50, No. 3, 2002, pp. 261-278. [11] E. O. Longe and A. Williams, “A Preliminary Study of Medical Waste Management in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria,” Iranian Journal of Environmental Health, Science and Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2006, pp. 133-139. [12] A. U. Oteri and F. P. Atolagbe, “The second international conference on saltwater Intrusion and Coastal Monitoring, Modelling, and Managenent,” Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, 2003. [13] E. O. Longe, S. Malomo and M. A. Olorunniwo, “Hydrogeology of Lagos Metropolis,” African Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2007, pp. 163-174. [14] K. Kruger and S. Associates, “Underground Water Resources of the Metropolitan Lagos,” Final Report to Lagos State Ministry of Works, Lagos, 1997, p. 170. [15] Coode Blizard Ltd., Akute Geo-Resource Ltd. and Rofe Kennard & Lapworth, “Hydrogeological Investigation of Lagos State,” Final Report, Vol. 1 & 2, 1996. [16] UNESCO, “World-Wide Hydrogeological Mapping and Assessment Programme (WHYMAP),” 4th World Water Forum, Mexico City, March 2006. [17] APHA, “Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater,” America Public Health Association, 18th Edition, New York, 1992. [18] M. Radojevic and V. Bashkin, “Practical Environmental Analysis,” The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1999. [19] FEPA, “Present Water Quality Status in Nigeria,” Federal Environmental Protection Agency, Lagos, 1998, pp. 35- 41. [20] World Health Organization, “International Standards for Drinking Water,” 2nd Edition. W.H.O., Geneva, 1971.