Removal of chromium from water effluent by adsorption onto Vetiveria zizanioides and Anabaena species
Author(s)
Manoj Kumar,
Abhradip Pal,
Joginder Singh,
Shashank Garg,
Madhu Bala,
Ashish Vyas,
Yogender Pal Khasa,
Umesh C. Pachouri
Affiliation(s)
Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India;. Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu, India. Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, India. Department of Microbiology, South Campus, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110021, India.
Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India;. Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu, India. Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, India. Department of Microbiology, South Campus, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110021, India.
ABSTRACT
Bioadsorption phenomenon is more or less like a chemical reaction and several parameters are bound to affect the process. The pH, amount of adsorbent and agitation time influence the biosorptive potentiality. Hence, the present study on adsorption of Cr(VI) by activated Vetivera roots and Blue green algae Anabaena supports that it is an effective low cost adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from plating effluent. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm correlate the equilibrium adsorption data. In batch experiments both Vetiveria and Anabaena species were found to be cost effective biosorbent for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) from the effluent and comparatively Anabaena species was found to adsorb maximum Cr(VI) (88.86%) at a low contact time of 60 min. The data obtained from the experiments and modeling would prove useful in designing and fabricating an efficient treatment plant for Cr(VI) rich effluent.
Cite this paper
Kumar, M. , Pal, A. , Singh, J. , Garg, S. , Bala, M. , Vyas, A. , Khasa, Y. and Pachouri, U. (2013) Removal of chromium from water effluent by adsorption onto Vetiveria zizanioides and Anabaena species. Natural Science, 5, 341-348. doi: 10.4236/ns.2013.53047.
Kumar, M. , Pal, A. , Singh, J. , Garg, S. , Bala, M. , Vyas, A. , Khasa, Y. and Pachouri, U. (2013) Removal of chromium from water effluent by adsorption onto Vetiveria zizanioides and Anabaena species. Natural Science, 5, 341-348. doi: 10.4236/ns.2013.53047.
References
[1] Dorfner, K. (1972) Ion exchangers: Properties and applications. Ann Arbor Science, Newton, 177. [2] Pajunen, P. (1995) Hard chrome bath purification and recovery using ion exchange. Metal Finishing, 93, 40-45. doi:10.1016/S0026-0576(05)80048-0 [3] Schiewer, S. and Volesky, B. (1997) Ionic strength and electrostatic effects in biosorption of protons. Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 1863-1871. doi:10.1021/es960434n [4] Fourest, E. and Volesky, B. (1996) Contribution of sulphonate groups and alginate to heavy metal biosorption by the dry biomass of Sargassum fluitans. Environmental Science and Technology, 30, 277-282. doi:10.1021/es950315s [5] Barba, D., Beolchini, F. and Vegliò, F. (2001) A simulation study on biosorption of heavy metals by confined biomass in UF/MF membrane reactors. Environmental Science and Technology, 35, 3048. [6] Truong, P. and Hart, B. (2001) Vetiver system for wastewater treatment. Technical Bulletin No. 2001/21, Pacific Rim Vetiver Network, Office of the Royal Development Projects Board, Bangkok. [7] Ash, R. and Truong, P. (2004) The use of vetiver grass for sewerage treatment. Proceedings of Sewage Management Queensland EPA Conference: Risk Assessment and Triple Bottom Line, Cairns, 5-7 April 2004. [8] Roongtanakiat, N. and Chairoj, P. (2001a) Uptake potential of some heavy metals by vetiver grass. Kasetsart Journal (Natural Science), 35, 46-50. [9] Roongtanakiat, N. and Chairoj, P. (2001b) Vetiver grass for the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals. Kasetsart Journal (Natural Science), 35, 433-440. [10] Roongtanakiat, N. (2009) Vetiver phytoremediation for heavy metal decontamination. PRVN Technical Bulletins No. 2009/1. ORDPB, Pacific Rim Vetiver Network, Office of the Royal Development Projects Board, Bangkok. [11] Hart, B., Cody, R. and Truong, P. (2003) Efficacy of vetiver grass in the hydroponic treatment of post septic tank effluent. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Vetiver and Exhibition, Guangzhou, 6-9 October 2003. [12] Roongtanakiat, N., Tangruangkiat, S. and Meesat, R. (2007) Utilization of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters. Science Asia, 33, 397-403. doi:10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2007.33.397 [13] Percy, I. and Truong, P. (2005) Landfill leachate disposal with irrigated vetiver grass. Proceedings of 2005 National Conference on Landfill, Brisbane. [14] Kong, X.H., Lin, W.W. and Wang, B.Q. (2003) Study on vetiver’s purification for wastewater from pig farm. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Vetiver and Exhibition, Guangzhou, 6-9 October 2003. [15] Figueira, M.M., Volesky, B., Ciminelli, V.S.T. and Roddick, F.A. (2000) Biosorption of metals in brown seaweed biomass. Water Research, 34, 196-204. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00120-7 [16] Kumar, J.I.N., Oommen, C. and Kumar, R.N. (2009) Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by green marine macroalgae from Okha Port, Gulf of Kutch, India. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 6, 317-323. [17] Khorramabadi, G.S. and Soltani, R.D.C. (2008) Evaluation of the marine algae Gracilaria salicornia and Sargassum sp. for the biosorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Journal of Applied Sciences, 8, 2163-2167. doi:10.3923/jas.2008.2163.2167 [18] Huang, C.P. and Wu, M.H. (1977) The removal of chromium(VI) from dilute aqueous solution by activated carbon. Water Research, 11, 673-679. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(77)90106-3 [19] APHA (American Public Health Association) (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington DC. [20] APHA (American Public Health Association) (1985) American health association standards for examination of waste waters. 18th Edition, American Public Health Association, New York. [21] Mabbett, A.N., Lloyd, J.R. and Macaskie, L.E. (2002) Effect of complexing agents on reduction of Cr(VI) by Desulfovibrio vulgaris ATCC 29579. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 79, 389-397. doi:10.1002/bit.10361 [22] Seidel-Morgenstern, A. (2004) Experimental determination of single solute and competitive adsorption isotherms. Journal of Chromatography A, 1037, 255-272. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2003.11.108 [23] Gao, H., Liu, Y., Zeng, G., Xu, W., Li, T. and Xia, W. (2008) Characterization of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions by a surplus agricultural waste-Rice straw. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150, 446-452. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.126 [24] Basha, S., Murthy, Z.V.P. and Jha, B. (2008) Biosorption of hexavalent chromium by chemically modified seaweed, Cystoseira indica. Chemical Engineering Journal, 137, 480-488. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.04.038 [25] Al-Asheh, S., Banat, F., Al-Omari, R. and Duvnjak, Z. (2000) Predictions of binary sorption isotherms for the sorption of heavy metals by pine bark using single isotherm data. Chemosphere, 41, 659-665. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00497-X [26] Pagnanelli, F., Esposito, A., Toro, L. and Veglio, F. (2003) Metal speciation and pH effect on Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd biosorption onto Sphaerotilus natans: Langmuir-type empirical model. Water Research, 37, 627-633. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00358-5 [27] Moussavi, G. and Barikbin, B. (2010) Biosorption of chromium(VI) from industrial wastewater onto pistachio hull waste biomass. Chemical Engineering Journal, 162, 893-900. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2010.06.032 [28] Sahranavard, M., Ahmadpour, A. and Doosti, M.R. (2011) Biosorption of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solutions using almond green hull as a low-cost biosorbent. European Journal of Scientific Research, 58, 392- 400. [29] Stephen, B., Inbaraj, B. and Sulochana, N. (2002) Basic dye adsorption on a low cost carbonaceous sorbent-kinetic and equilibrium studies. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 9, 201-208. [30] Basu, A., Kumar, S. and Mukherjee, S. (2003) Arsenic reduction from aqueous environment by water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.). Indian Journal of Environmental Health, 45, 143-150. [31] Pokhrel, D. and Viraraghavan, T. (2006) Arsenic removal from an aqueous solution by a modified fungal biomass. Water Research, 40, 549-552. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.11.040 [32] Esmaeili, A., Ghasemi, S. and Rustaiyan, A. (2008) Evaluation of the activated carbon prepared from the algae Gracilaria for the biosorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7, 2034-2037. [33] Ahmady-Asbchin, S., Omran, A.N. and Jafari, N. (2012) Potential of Azolla filiculoides in the removal of Ni and Cu from wastewaters. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11, 16158-16164. [34] Alpat, S., Alpat, S.K., Cadirci, B.H., Ozbayrak, O. and Yasa, I. (2010) Effects of biosorption parameter: Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics for Ni(II) biosorption from aqueous solution by Circinella sp. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 13, 5.
[1] Dorfner, K. (1972) Ion exchangers: Properties and applications. Ann Arbor Science, Newton, 177. [2] Pajunen, P. (1995) Hard chrome bath purification and recovery using ion exchange. Metal Finishing, 93, 40-45. doi:10.1016/S0026-0576(05)80048-0 [3] Schiewer, S. and Volesky, B. (1997) Ionic strength and electrostatic effects in biosorption of protons. Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 1863-1871. doi:10.1021/es960434n [4] Fourest, E. and Volesky, B. (1996) Contribution of sulphonate groups and alginate to heavy metal biosorption by the dry biomass of Sargassum fluitans. Environmental Science and Technology, 30, 277-282. doi:10.1021/es950315s [5] Barba, D., Beolchini, F. and Vegliò, F. (2001) A simulation study on biosorption of heavy metals by confined biomass in UF/MF membrane reactors. Environmental Science and Technology, 35, 3048. [6] Truong, P. and Hart, B. (2001) Vetiver system for wastewater treatment. Technical Bulletin No. 2001/21, Pacific Rim Vetiver Network, Office of the Royal Development Projects Board, Bangkok. [7] Ash, R. and Truong, P. (2004) The use of vetiver grass for sewerage treatment. Proceedings of Sewage Management Queensland EPA Conference: Risk Assessment and Triple Bottom Line, Cairns, 5-7 April 2004. [8] Roongtanakiat, N. and Chairoj, P. (2001a) Uptake potential of some heavy metals by vetiver grass. Kasetsart Journal (Natural Science), 35, 46-50. [9] Roongtanakiat, N. and Chairoj, P. (2001b) Vetiver grass for the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals. Kasetsart Journal (Natural Science), 35, 433-440. [10] Roongtanakiat, N. (2009) Vetiver phytoremediation for heavy metal decontamination. PRVN Technical Bulletins No. 2009/1. ORDPB, Pacific Rim Vetiver Network, Office of the Royal Development Projects Board, Bangkok. [11] Hart, B., Cody, R. and Truong, P. (2003) Efficacy of vetiver grass in the hydroponic treatment of post septic tank effluent. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Vetiver and Exhibition, Guangzhou, 6-9 October 2003. [12] Roongtanakiat, N., Tangruangkiat, S. and Meesat, R. (2007) Utilization of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters. Science Asia, 33, 397-403. doi:10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2007.33.397 [13] Percy, I. and Truong, P. (2005) Landfill leachate disposal with irrigated vetiver grass. Proceedings of 2005 National Conference on Landfill, Brisbane. [14] Kong, X.H., Lin, W.W. and Wang, B.Q. (2003) Study on vetiver’s purification for wastewater from pig farm. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Vetiver and Exhibition, Guangzhou, 6-9 October 2003. [15] Figueira, M.M., Volesky, B., Ciminelli, V.S.T. and Roddick, F.A. (2000) Biosorption of metals in brown seaweed biomass. Water Research, 34, 196-204. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00120-7 [16] Kumar, J.I.N., Oommen, C. and Kumar, R.N. (2009) Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by green marine macroalgae from Okha Port, Gulf of Kutch, India. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 6, 317-323. [17] Khorramabadi, G.S. and Soltani, R.D.C. (2008) Evaluation of the marine algae Gracilaria salicornia and Sargassum sp. for the biosorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Journal of Applied Sciences, 8, 2163-2167. doi:10.3923/jas.2008.2163.2167 [18] Huang, C.P. and Wu, M.H. (1977) The removal of chromium(VI) from dilute aqueous solution by activated carbon. Water Research, 11, 673-679. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(77)90106-3 [19] APHA (American Public Health Association) (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington DC. [20] APHA (American Public Health Association) (1985) American health association standards for examination of waste waters. 18th Edition, American Public Health Association, New York. [21] Mabbett, A.N., Lloyd, J.R. and Macaskie, L.E. (2002) Effect of complexing agents on reduction of Cr(VI) by Desulfovibrio vulgaris ATCC 29579. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 79, 389-397. doi:10.1002/bit.10361 [22] Seidel-Morgenstern, A. (2004) Experimental determination of single solute and competitive adsorption isotherms. Journal of Chromatography A, 1037, 255-272. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2003.11.108 [23] Gao, H., Liu, Y., Zeng, G., Xu, W., Li, T. and Xia, W. (2008) Characterization of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions by a surplus agricultural waste-Rice straw. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150, 446-452. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.126 [24] Basha, S., Murthy, Z.V.P. and Jha, B. (2008) Biosorption of hexavalent chromium by chemically modified seaweed, Cystoseira indica. Chemical Engineering Journal, 137, 480-488. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.04.038 [25] Al-Asheh, S., Banat, F., Al-Omari, R. and Duvnjak, Z. (2000) Predictions of binary sorption isotherms for the sorption of heavy metals by pine bark using single isotherm data. Chemosphere, 41, 659-665. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00497-X [26] Pagnanelli, F., Esposito, A., Toro, L. and Veglio, F. (2003) Metal speciation and pH effect on Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd biosorption onto Sphaerotilus natans: Langmuir-type empirical model. Water Research, 37, 627-633. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00358-5 [27] Moussavi, G. and Barikbin, B. (2010) Biosorption of chromium(VI) from industrial wastewater onto pistachio hull waste biomass. Chemical Engineering Journal, 162, 893-900. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2010.06.032 [28] Sahranavard, M., Ahmadpour, A. and Doosti, M.R. (2011) Biosorption of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solutions using almond green hull as a low-cost biosorbent. European Journal of Scientific Research, 58, 392- 400. [29] Stephen, B., Inbaraj, B. and Sulochana, N. (2002) Basic dye adsorption on a low cost carbonaceous sorbent-kinetic and equilibrium studies. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 9, 201-208. [30] Basu, A., Kumar, S. and Mukherjee, S. (2003) Arsenic reduction from aqueous environment by water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.). Indian Journal of Environmental Health, 45, 143-150. [31] Pokhrel, D. and Viraraghavan, T. (2006) Arsenic removal from an aqueous solution by a modified fungal biomass. Water Research, 40, 549-552. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.11.040 [32] Esmaeili, A., Ghasemi, S. and Rustaiyan, A. (2008) Evaluation of the activated carbon prepared from the algae Gracilaria for the biosorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7, 2034-2037. [33] Ahmady-Asbchin, S., Omran, A.N. and Jafari, N. (2012) Potential of Azolla filiculoides in the removal of Ni and Cu from wastewaters. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11, 16158-16164. [34] Alpat, S., Alpat, S.K., Cadirci, B.H., Ozbayrak, O. and Yasa, I. (2010) Effects of biosorption parameter: Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics for Ni(II) biosorption from aqueous solution by Circinella sp. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 13, 5.