Synergistic effect between cryptotanshinone and antibiotics in oral pathogenic bacteria
Affiliation(s)
Department of Natural Products Research, Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan, South Korea. Department of Nursing, Dong-eui University, Busan, South Korea. Department of Oral Microbiology and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
Department of Natural Products Research, Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan, South Korea. Department of Nursing, Dong-eui University, Busan, South Korea. Department of Oral Microbiology and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
ABSTRACT
Cryptotanshinone
(CT), a major tanshinone of medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,
demonstrated effective in vitro antibacterial activity against all oral
bacteria tested in this experiment. The antibacterial activities of CT against
oral bacteria were assessed using the checkerboard and time-kill methods
to evaluate the synergistic effects of treatment with ampicillin or
gentamicin. The CT was determined against oral pathogenic bacteria with MIC and
MBC values ranging from 0.5 to 16 and 1 to 64 μg/mL; for am- picillin from
0.0313 to 16 and 0.125 to 32 μg/mL; for gentamicin from 2 to 256 and 4 to 512
μg/mL respectively. The range of MIC50 and MIC90 were
0.0625 - 8 μg/mL and 1 - 64 μg/mL, respectively. The combination effects of
CT with antibiotics were synergistic (FIC index < 0.5) against tested oral
bacteria except additive, Streptococcus
sobrinus, S. criceti, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (FIC index < 0.75 - 1.0). The MBCs were shown reducing ≥4 - 8-fold, indicating
a synergistic effect as defined by a FBCI of ≤0.5. Furthermore, a
time-kill study showed that the growth of the tested bacteria was completely attenuated after 3 - 6 h of treatment with the 1/2 MIC of CT, regardless of whether
it was administered alone or with ampicillin
or gentamicin. The results suggest that CT could be employed as a
natural antibacterial agent against cariogenic and periodontopathogenic bac- teria.
Cite this paper
Cha, J. , Jeong, M. , Choi, K. , Park, J. , Cha, S. and Lee, K. (2013) Synergistic effect between cryptotanshinone and antibiotics in oral pathogenic bacteria. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 4, 283-294. doi: 10.4236/abb.2013.42A039.
Cha, J. , Jeong, M. , Choi, K. , Park, J. , Cha, S. and Lee, K. (2013) Synergistic effect between cryptotanshinone and antibiotics in oral pathogenic bacteria. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 4, 283-294. doi: 10.4236/abb.2013.42A039.
References
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(2005) Medicinal plants for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 11, 2405-24027. doi:10.2174/1381612054367481 [26] Cha, J.D., Jeong, M.R., Jeong, S.I. and Lee, K.Y. (2007) Antibacterial activity of sophoraflavanone G isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 17, 858-864. [27] Chatterjee, S.K., Bhattacharjee, I. and Chandra, G. (2009) In vitro synergistic effect of doxycycline & ofloxacin in combination with ethanolic leaf extract of Vangueria spinosa against four pathogenic bacteria. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 130, 475-478. [28] Garvey, M.I., Rahman, M.M., Gibbons, S. and Piddock, L.J. (2011) Medicinal plant extracts with efflux inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacteria. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 37, 145-151. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.10.027 [29] Radhika, L.G., Meena, C.V., Peter, S., Rajesh, K.S. and Rosamma, M.P. 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[1] Seneviratne, C.J., Zhang, C.F. and Samaranayake, L.P. (2011) Dental plaque biofilm in oral health and disease. The Chinese Journal of Dental Research: The Official Journal of the Scientific Section of the Chinese Stomatological Association (CSA), 14, 87-94. [2] Sambunjak, D., Nickerson, J.W., Poklepovic, T., Johnson, T.M., Imai, P., Tugwell, P. and Worthington, H.V. (2011) Flossing for the management of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7, CD008829. [3] Zarco, M.F., Vess, T.J. and Ginsburg, G.S. (2012) The oral microbiome in health and disease and the potential impact on personalized dental medicine. Oral Diseases, 18, 109-120. doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01851.x [4] Takahashi, N. and Nyvad, B. (2011) The role of bacteria in the caries process: Ecological perspectives. Journal of Dental Research, 90, 294-303. doi:10.1177/0022034510379602 [5] Africa, C.W. (2011) Oral colonization of Gram-negative anaerobies as a risk factor for preterm delivery. Virulence, 2, 498-508. doi:10.4161/viru.2.6.17719 [6] Levi, M.E. and Eusterman, V.D. (2011) Oral infections and antibiotic therapy. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, 44, 57-78. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2010.10.003 [7] Van Winkelhoff, A.J., Winkel, E.G., Barendregt, D., Dellemijn-Kippuw, N., Stijne, A. and Van Der Velder, U. (1997) Beta-Lactamase producing bacteria in adult periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 24, 538543. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00226.x [8] Abu-Fanas, S.H., Drucker, D.B. and Hull, P.S. (1991) Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and tetracycline in periodontal therapy. Journal of Dentistry, 19, 97-99. doi:10.1016/0300-5712(91)90098-J [9] Falagas, M.E. and Gorbach, S.L. (1995) Clindamycin and metronidazole. The Medical clinics of North America, 79, 845-867. [10] Rams, T.E., Degener, J.E. and van Winkelhoff, A.J. (2012) Prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in human periodontitis. Journal of Periodontal Research, 23. doi:10.1111/jre.12031 [11] Bedeni?, B., Budimir, A., Gveri?, A., Plecko, V., Vranes, J., Bubonja-Sonje, M. and Kaleni?, S. (2012) Comparative urinary bactericidal activity of oral antibiotics against gram-positive pathogens. Lije?ni?kog Vjesnika, 134, 148155. [12] Feldman, M., Santos, J. and Grenier, D. (2011) Comparative evaluation of two structurally related flavonoids, isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin, for their oral infection therapeutic potential. Journal of Natural Products, 74, 1862-1867. doi:10.1021/np200174h [13] Greenberg, M., Dodds, M. and Tian, M. (2008) Naturally occurring phenolic antibacterial compounds show effectiveness against oral bacteria by a quantitative structureactivity relationship study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 11151-1156. doi:10.1021/jf8020859 [14] Zhou, R., He, L.F., Li, Y.J., Shen, Y., Chao, R.B. and Du, J.R. (2012) Cardioprotective effect of water and ethanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza in an experimental model of myocardial infarction. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 139, 440-446. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.030 [15] Hu, X., Zhou, Y.J., Xie, Q.R., Sun, X.C. and Xiao, Y. (2006) Clinical observation of sophocarpidine combined with Salviae miltiorrhizae injection in treating chronic hepatitis B. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao, 4, 648-650. [16] Qian, Q., Qian, S., Fan, P., Huo, D. and Wang, S. (2012) Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza hydrophilic extract on antioxidant enzymes in diabetic patients with chronic heart disease: A randomized controlled trial. Phytotherapy Research, 26, 60-66. doi:10.1002/ptr.3513 [17] Ahn, Y.M., Kim, S.K., Lee, S.H., Ahn, S.Y., Kang, S.W., Chung, J.H., Kim, S.D. and Lee, B.C. (2010) Renoprotective effect of Tanshione IIA, an active component of Salvia mitiorrhiza, on rats with chronic kidney disease. Phytotherapy Research, 24, 1886-1892. doi:10.1002/ptr.3347 [18] Chen, W., Liu, L., Luo, Y., Odaka, Y., Awate, S., Zhou, H., Shen, T., Zheng, S., Lu, Y. and Huang, S. (2012) Cryptotanshinone activates p38/JNK and inhibits Erk1/2 leading to caspase-independent cell death in tumor cells. Cancer Prevention Research (Phila), 5, 778-787. doi:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0551 [19] Li, X., Lian, L.H., Bai, T., Wu, Y.L., Wan, Y., Xie, W.X., Jin, X., Nan and J.X. (2011) Cryptotanshinone inhibits LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators via TLR4 and TAK1 signaling pathway. International immunopharmacology, 11, 1871-1876. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2011.07.018 [20] Lee, D.S., Lee, S.H., Noh, J.G. and Hong, S.D. (1999) Antibacterial activities of cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone I from a medicinal herb, Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 63, 2236-2239. doi:10.1271/bbb.63.2236 [21] Hur, J.M., Shim, J.S., Jung, H.J. and Kwon, H.J. (2005) Cryptotanshinone but not tanshinone IIA inhibits angiogenesisin vitro. Experimental and Molecular Medicine, 37, 133-137. doi:10.1038/emm.2005.18 [22] Sato, M., Sato, T., Ose, Y., Nagase, H., Kito, H. and Sakai Y. (1992) Modulating effect of tanshinones on mutagenic activity of Trp-P-1 and benzo[a]pyrene in Salmonella typhimurium. Mutation Research, 265, 149-154. doi:10.1016/0027-5107(92)90043-2 [23] Chen, T.H., Hsu, Y.T., Chen, C.H., Kao, S.H. and Lee, H.M. (2007) Tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza induces heme oxygenase-1 expression and inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Mitochondrion, 7, 101-105. doi:10.1016/j.mito.2006.11.018 [24] Feng, H., Xiang, H., Zhang, J., Liu, G., Guo, N., Wang, X., Wu, X., Deng, X. and Yu, L. (2009) Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the response of Staphylococcus aureus to cryptotanshinone. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2009, 617509. doi:10.1155/2009/617509 [25] Mahady, G.B. (2005) Medicinal plants for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 11, 2405-24027. doi:10.2174/1381612054367481 [26] Cha, J.D., Jeong, M.R., Jeong, S.I. and Lee, K.Y. (2007) Antibacterial activity of sophoraflavanone G isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 17, 858-864. [27] Chatterjee, S.K., Bhattacharjee, I. and Chandra, G. (2009) In vitro synergistic effect of doxycycline & ofloxacin in combination with ethanolic leaf extract of Vangueria spinosa against four pathogenic bacteria. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 130, 475-478. [28] Garvey, M.I., Rahman, M.M., Gibbons, S. and Piddock, L.J. (2011) Medicinal plant extracts with efflux inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacteria. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 37, 145-151. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.10.027 [29] Radhika, L.G., Meena, C.V., Peter, S., Rajesh, K.S. and Rosamma, M.P. (2011) Phytochemical and antimicrobial study of Oraxylum indicum. Ancient Science of Life, 30, 114-120. [30] Konaté, K., Hilou, A., Mavoungou, J.F., Lepengué, A.N., Souza, A., Barro, N., Datté, J.Y., M’batchi, B. and Nacoulma O.G. (2012) Antimicrobial activity of polyphenol-rich fractions from Sida alba L. (Malvaceae) against cotrimoxazol-resistant bacteria strains. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 24, 11-15. [31] Lee, J.W., Ji, W.J., Lee, S.O. and Lee, I.S. (2007) Effect of Saliva miltiorrhiza bunge on antimicrobial activity and resistant gene regulation against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Journal of Microbiology, 45, 350-357. [32] Garcia, L.G., Lemaire, S., Kahl, B.C., Becker, K., Proctor, R.A., Denis, O., Tulkens, P.M. and Van Bambeke, F. (2012) Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the activity of antibiotics against hemin and menadione-dependent smallcolony variants of Staphylococcus aureus in models of extracellular (borth) and intracellular (THP-1 monocytes) infections. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 56, 3700-3711. doi:10.1128/AAC.00285-12 [33] Eldeen, I.M., Van Heerden, F.R. and Van Staden, J. (2010) In vitro biological activities of niloticane, a new bioactive cassane diterpene from the bark of Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 128, 555-560. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.057 [34] Kobayashi, K., Nishiumi, S., Nishida, M., Hirai, M., Azuma, T., Yoshida, H., Mizushina, Y. and Yoshida, M. (2011) Effects of quinine derivatives, such as 1,4-naphthoquinone, on DNA polymerase inhibition and anti-inflammatory action. Medicinal Chemistry, 7, 37-44. doi:10.2174/157340611794072742 [35] Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. (1996) Antibacterial activity of anacardic acid and totarol, alone and in combination with methicillin, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 80, 387394. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03233.x [36] Sader, H.S., Streit, J.M., Fritsche, T.R. and Jones, R.N. (2004) Antimicrobial activity of Daptomycin against multidrug-resistant gram-positive strains collected worldwide. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 50, 201204. doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2004.07.002 [37] Jiang, R.W., Lau, K.M., Hon, P.M., Mak, T.C., Woo, K.S. and Fung, K.P. (2005) Chemistry and biological activities of caffeic acid derivatives from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 12, 237-246. doi:10.2174/0929867053363397 [38] Wang, J., Lou, J., Luo, C., Zhou, L., Wang, M. and Wang, L. (2012) Phenolic compounds from Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13, 11349-11364. doi:10.3390/ijms130911349 [39] Hsu, S., Yu, F.X., Huang, Q., Lewis, J., Singh, B., Dickinson, D., Borke, J., Sharawy, M., Wataha, J., Yamamoto, T., Osaki, T. and Schuster, G. (2003) A mechanism-based in vitro anticancer drug screening approach for phenolic phytochemicals. Assay and Drug Development Technologies, 1, 611-618. doi:10.1089/154065803770380968