Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: Therapy for Early Colorectal Cancer
ABSTRACT
We review the use of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection in the treatment of early colorectal cancer. Newer endoscopic imaging modalities have lead to earlier detection of advanced lesions thus enabling endoscopic curative therapy of lesions that would otherwise need surgery. Early outcomes data suggest promising results. But further long term prospective studies are needed.
Cite this paper
K. Kyanam Kabir Baig and M. Wallace, "Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: Therapy for Early Colorectal Cancer," Journal of Cancer Therapy, Vol. 4 No. 1, 2013, pp. 291-298. doi: 10.4236/jct.2013.41036.
K. Kyanam Kabir Baig and M. Wallace, "Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: Therapy for Early Colorectal Cancer," Journal of Cancer Therapy, Vol. 4 No. 1, 2013, pp. 291-298. doi: 10.4236/jct.2013.41036.
References
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Jin, et al., “Meta-Analysis for Evaluating the Accuracy of Endoscopy with Narrow Band Imaging in detecting colorectal adenomas,” Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol. 27, No. 5, 2012, pp. 882-887. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06987.x [22] A. Nagorni, G. Bjelakovic and B. Petrovic, “Narrow Band Imaging versus Conventional White Light Colonoscopy for the Detection of Colorectal Polyps,” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Vol. 1, 2012, p. CD008361. [23] S. F. Pasha, et al., “Comparison of the Yield and Miss Rate of Narrow Band Imaging and White Light Endoscopy in Patients Undergoing Screening or Surveillance Colonoscopy: A Meta-Analysis,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 107, No. 3, 2012, pp. 363-370. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.436 [24] M. Classen, M. D. Guido, N. J. Tytgat and C. J. Lightdale, “The Paris Endoscopic Classification of Superficial Neoplastic Lesions: Esophagus, Stomach, and Colon: November 30 to December 1, 2002,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 58, No. 6, 2003, pp. S3-43. [25] Endoscopic Classification Review Group, “Update on the Paris Classification of Superficial Neoplastic Lesions in the Digestive Tract,” Endoscopy, Vol. 37, No. 6, 2005, pp. 570-578. doi:10.1055/s-2005-861352 [26] S. Kudo, et al., “Colorectal Tumours and Pit Pattern,” Journal of Clinical Pathology, Vol. 47, No. 10, 1994, pp. 880-885. doi:10.1136/jcp.47.10.880 [27] T. Uraoka, et al., “Sano’s Capillary Pattern Classification for Narrow-Band Imaging of Early Colorectal Lesions,” Journal of Digestive Endoscopy, Vol. 23, Suppl. 1, 2011, pp. 112-115. doi:10.1111/j.1443-1661.2011.01118.x [28] D. G. Hewett, et al., “Validation of a Simple Classification System for Endoscopic Diagnosis of Small Colorectal Polyps Using Narrow-Band Imaging,” Gastroenterology, Vol. 143, No. 3, 2012, pp. 599-607. [29] V. M. Ussui and M. B. Wallace, “Imaged-Enhanced Technologies for Colorectal Polyp Detection and Classification,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 107, No. 4, 2012, pp. 551-553. doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.15 [30] A. M. Buchner, et al., “Comparison of Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy with Virtual Chromoendoscopy for Classification of Colon Polyps,” Gastroenterology, Vol. 138, No. 3, 2010, pp. 834-842. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.053 [31] M. W. Shahid, et al., “Diagnostic Accuracy of Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy and Narrow Band Imaging for Small Colorectal Polyps: A Feasibility Study,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 107, No. 2, 2012, pp. 231-239. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.376 [32] J. C. Brooker, et al., “Treatment with Argon Plasma Coagulation Reduces Recurrence after Piecemeal Resection of Large Sessile Colonic Polyps: A Randomized Trial and Recommendations,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 55, No. 3, 2002, pp. 371-375. doi:10.1067/mge.2002.121597 [33] T. A. Woodward, et al., “Predictors of Complete Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Flat and Depressed Gastrointestinal Neoplasia of the Colon,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 107, No. 5, 2012, pp. 650-654. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.473 [34] V. Chandrasekhara, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Endoscopic Management of Large Sessile Colonic Polyps: Getting the Low down from down under,” Gastroenterology, Vol. 140, No. 7, 2011, pp. 1867-1871. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.024 [35] A. Moss, et al., “Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Outcomes and Prediction of Submucosal Cancer from Advanced Colonic Mucosal Neoplasia,” Gastroenterology, Vol. 140, No. 7, 2011, pp. 1909-1918. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.02.062 [36] M. N. Kim, et al., “Clinical Features and Prognosis of early Colorectal Cancer Treated by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection,” Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol. 26, No. 11, 2011, pp. 1619-1625. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06749.x [37] J. Mannath, et al., “Polyp Recurrence after Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Sessile and Flat Colonic Adenomas,” Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 56, No. 8, 2011, pp. 2389-2395. doi:10.1007/s10620-011-1609-y [38] S. B. Edge and C. C. Compton, “The American Joint Committee on Cancer: The 7th Edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual and the Future of TNM,” Annals of Surgical Oncology, Vol. 17, No. 6, 2010, pp. 1471-1474. [39] Y. Wada, et al., “Vascular Pattern Classification of Colorectal Lesions with Narrow Band Imaging Magnifying Endoscopy,” Journal of Digestive Endoscopy, Vol. 23, Suppl. 1, 2011, pp. 106-111. doi:10.1111/j.1443-1661.2011.01109.x
[1] A. C. Society, Cancer Facts and Figures 2012. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/ @epidemiologysurveilance/documents/document/acspc-031941.pdf. [2] S. J. Winawer, et al., “Prevention of Colorectal Cancer by Colonoscopic Polypectomy. The National Polyp Study Workgroup,” The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 329, No. 27, 1993, pp. 1977-1981. doi:10.1056/NEJM199312303292701 [3] A. G. Zauber, et al., “Colonoscopic Polypectomy and Long-Term Prevention of Colorectal-Cancer Deaths,” The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 366, No. 8, 2012, pp. 687-696. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1100370 [4] V. M. Ussui, and M. B. Wallace, “Advances in Colonoscopy,” Discovery Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 71, 2012, pp. 313-321. [5] S. V. Kantsevoy, et al., “Endoscopic Mucosal Resection and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 68, No. 1, 2008, pp. 11-18. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2008.01.037 [6] S. C. Ng, et al., “The Efficacy of Cap-Assisted Colonoscopy in Polyp Detection and Cecal Intubation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 107, No. 8, 2012, pp. 1165-1173. doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.135 [7] Y. T. Lee, et al., “Efficacy of Cap-Assisted Colonoscopy in Comparison with Regular Colonoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 104, No. 1, 2009, pp. 41-46. doi:10.1038/ajg.2008.56 [8] H. P. Tee, et al., “Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Cap-Assisted Colonoscopy vs. Standard Colonoscopy,” World Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 16, No. 31, 2010, pp. 3905-3910. doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i31.3905 [9] D. G. Hewett, and D. K. Rex, “Cap-Fitted Colonoscopy: A Randomized, Tandem Colonoscopy Study of Adenoma Miss Rates,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 72, No. 4, 2010, pp. 775-781. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2010.04.030 [10] L. Wu, et al., “The Diagnostic Accuracy of Chromoendoscopy for Dysplasia in Ulcerative Colitis: Meta-Analysis of Six Randomized Controlled Trials,” Colorectal Disease, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2012, pp. 416-420. doi:10.1111/j.1463-1318.2010.02505.x [11] F. A. Farraye, et al., “AGA Medical Position Statement on the Diagnosis and Management of Colorectal Neoplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease,” Gastroenterology, Vol. 138, No. 2, 2010, pp. 738-745. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.037 [12] C. J. Kahi, et al., “High-Definition Chromocolonoscopy vs. High-Definition White Light Colonoscopy for Average-Risk Colorectal Cancer Screening,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 105, No. 6, 2010, pp. 1301-1307. doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.51 [13] J. Pohl, et al., “Pancolonic Chromoendoscopy with Indigo Carmine versus Standard Colonoscopy for Detection of Neoplastic Lesions: A Randomised Two-Centre Trial,” Gut, Vol. 60, No. 4, 2011, pp. 485-490. doi:10.1136/gut.2010.229534 [14] V. Subramanian, et al., “High Definition Colonoscopy vs. Standard Video Endoscopy for the Detection of Colonic Polyps: A Meta-Analysis,” Endoscopy, Vol. 43, No. 6, 2011, pp. 499-505. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1256207 [15] G. Tribonias, et al., “Comparison of Standard vs. High-Definition, Wide-Angle Colonoscopy for Polyp Detection: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Colorectal Disease, Vol. 12, No. 10, 2010, pp. e260-e266. doi:10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.02145.x [16] A. Rastogi, et al., “Randomized, Controlled Trial of Standard-Definition White-Light, High-Definition White-Light, and Narrow-Band Imaging Colonoscopy for the Detection of Colon Polyps and Prediction of Polyp Histology,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 74, No. 3, 2011, pp. 593-602. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2011.04.050 [17] S. A. Gross, et al., “A Comparison of High Definition-Image Enhanced Colonoscopy and Standard White-Light Colonoscopy for Colorectal Polyp Detection,” Endoscopy, Vol. 43, No. 12, 2011, pp. 1045-1051. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1256894 [18] A. M. Buchner, et al., “High-Definition Colonoscopy Detects Colorectal Polyps at a Higher Rate than Standard White-Light Colonoscopy,” Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol. 8, No. 4, 2010, pp. 364-370. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.11.009 [19] Y. K. Sano, M. Y. Hamamoto, “New Diagnostic Method Based on Color Imaging Using Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) System for Gastrointestinal Tract,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 53, No. 5, 2001, p. AB125. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(01)80239-X [20] A. Adler, et al., “A Prospective Randomised Study on Narrow-Band Imaging versus Conventional Colonoscopy for Adenoma Detection: Does Narrow-Band Imaging Induce a Learning Effect?” Gut, Vol. 57, No. 1, 2008, pp. 59-64. doi:10.1136/gut.2007.123539 [21] X. F. Jin, et al., “Meta-Analysis for Evaluating the Accuracy of Endoscopy with Narrow Band Imaging in detecting colorectal adenomas,” Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol. 27, No. 5, 2012, pp. 882-887. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06987.x [22] A. Nagorni, G. Bjelakovic and B. Petrovic, “Narrow Band Imaging versus Conventional White Light Colonoscopy for the Detection of Colorectal Polyps,” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Vol. 1, 2012, p. CD008361. [23] S. F. Pasha, et al., “Comparison of the Yield and Miss Rate of Narrow Band Imaging and White Light Endoscopy in Patients Undergoing Screening or Surveillance Colonoscopy: A Meta-Analysis,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 107, No. 3, 2012, pp. 363-370. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.436 [24] M. Classen, M. D. Guido, N. J. Tytgat and C. J. Lightdale, “The Paris Endoscopic Classification of Superficial Neoplastic Lesions: Esophagus, Stomach, and Colon: November 30 to December 1, 2002,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 58, No. 6, 2003, pp. S3-43. [25] Endoscopic Classification Review Group, “Update on the Paris Classification of Superficial Neoplastic Lesions in the Digestive Tract,” Endoscopy, Vol. 37, No. 6, 2005, pp. 570-578. doi:10.1055/s-2005-861352 [26] S. Kudo, et al., “Colorectal Tumours and Pit Pattern,” Journal of Clinical Pathology, Vol. 47, No. 10, 1994, pp. 880-885. doi:10.1136/jcp.47.10.880 [27] T. Uraoka, et al., “Sano’s Capillary Pattern Classification for Narrow-Band Imaging of Early Colorectal Lesions,” Journal of Digestive Endoscopy, Vol. 23, Suppl. 1, 2011, pp. 112-115. doi:10.1111/j.1443-1661.2011.01118.x [28] D. G. Hewett, et al., “Validation of a Simple Classification System for Endoscopic Diagnosis of Small Colorectal Polyps Using Narrow-Band Imaging,” Gastroenterology, Vol. 143, No. 3, 2012, pp. 599-607. [29] V. M. Ussui and M. B. Wallace, “Imaged-Enhanced Technologies for Colorectal Polyp Detection and Classification,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 107, No. 4, 2012, pp. 551-553. doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.15 [30] A. M. Buchner, et al., “Comparison of Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy with Virtual Chromoendoscopy for Classification of Colon Polyps,” Gastroenterology, Vol. 138, No. 3, 2010, pp. 834-842. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.053 [31] M. W. Shahid, et al., “Diagnostic Accuracy of Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy and Narrow Band Imaging for Small Colorectal Polyps: A Feasibility Study,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 107, No. 2, 2012, pp. 231-239. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.376 [32] J. C. Brooker, et al., “Treatment with Argon Plasma Coagulation Reduces Recurrence after Piecemeal Resection of Large Sessile Colonic Polyps: A Randomized Trial and Recommendations,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 55, No. 3, 2002, pp. 371-375. doi:10.1067/mge.2002.121597 [33] T. A. Woodward, et al., “Predictors of Complete Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Flat and Depressed Gastrointestinal Neoplasia of the Colon,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 107, No. 5, 2012, pp. 650-654. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.473 [34] V. Chandrasekhara, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Endoscopic Management of Large Sessile Colonic Polyps: Getting the Low down from down under,” Gastroenterology, Vol. 140, No. 7, 2011, pp. 1867-1871. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.024 [35] A. Moss, et al., “Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Outcomes and Prediction of Submucosal Cancer from Advanced Colonic Mucosal Neoplasia,” Gastroenterology, Vol. 140, No. 7, 2011, pp. 1909-1918. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.02.062 [36] M. N. Kim, et al., “Clinical Features and Prognosis of early Colorectal Cancer Treated by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection,” Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol. 26, No. 11, 2011, pp. 1619-1625. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06749.x [37] J. Mannath, et al., “Polyp Recurrence after Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Sessile and Flat Colonic Adenomas,” Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 56, No. 8, 2011, pp. 2389-2395. doi:10.1007/s10620-011-1609-y [38] S. B. Edge and C. C. Compton, “The American Joint Committee on Cancer: The 7th Edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual and the Future of TNM,” Annals of Surgical Oncology, Vol. 17, No. 6, 2010, pp. 1471-1474. [39] Y. Wada, et al., “Vascular Pattern Classification of Colorectal Lesions with Narrow Band Imaging Magnifying Endoscopy,” Journal of Digestive Endoscopy, Vol. 23, Suppl. 1, 2011, pp. 106-111. doi:10.1111/j.1443-1661.2011.01109.x