Mechanisms of calcium transport across the placenta: Review
Author(s)
Catarina Tivane,
Marcio Nogueira Rodrigues,
Phelipe Oliveira Favaron,
Antonio Chaves de Assis Neto,
Eduardo Harry Birgel Júnior,
Maria Angelica Miglino*
Affiliation(s)
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil;. Faculty of Food Engineering and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil;. Faculty of Food Engineering and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
ABSTRACT
Studies of calcium transfer across the placenta have been reviewed because of the physiological and nutritional importance of this mineral during pregnancy, especially in order to better understand its contribution to development of the fetal skeleton. The placental transfer of maternal calcium to the fetus represents a vital mechanism for fetal development and breast-milk production, yet little meaningful information is currently available regarding the biochemical mechanisms involved in this process. Once again, the use of different animal models as rodents, rabbit, sheep and bovine have demonstrate different mechanisms of calcium transport across the placenta and contribute to better understand its effects in both fetus and mother during the gestation. In relation to the transfer of calcium from the mother to fetus data suggest it occur via an active mechanism; thus calcium concentration is higher in fetus than in maternal blood. Despite conflicting reports, several investigators agreed that calcium concentration in the fetal blood is mainly regulated by fetal parathyroid hormone and plasma concentration of vitamin D3, a metabolite that plays a key role in calcium transport through the syncytial cells.
Cite this paper
Tivane, C. , Rodrigues, M. , Favaron, P. , Assis Neto, A. , Birgel Júnior, E. and Miglino, M. (2013) Mechanisms of calcium transport across the placenta: Review. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 3, 13-20. doi: 10.4236/ojas.2013.31002.
Tivane, C. , Rodrigues, M. , Favaron, P. , Assis Neto, A. , Birgel Júnior, E. and Miglino, M. (2013) Mechanisms of calcium transport across the placenta: Review. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 3, 13-20. doi: 10.4236/ojas.2013.31002.
References
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II. Compartmentalization of calcium during uptake. Journal of Cell Science, 105, 381-388. [31] Pitkin, R.M. (1985) Calcium metabolism in pregnancy and the perinatal period. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 151, 99-109. [32] Herbert, J.F., Lindsay, L.A., Murphy, C.R. and Thompson, M.B. (2006) Calcium transport across the uterine epithelium of pregnant lizards. Herpetological Monographs, 20, 205-211. doi:10.1655/0733-1347(2007)20[205:CTATUE]2.0.CO;2 [33] Yamamoto, T., Yamamoto, H. and Ozawa, H.N. (1985) Histo-chemical studies of Ca-ATPase, succinate and NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases in the shell gland of laying Japanese quails: With special reference to calcium-transporting cells. Histochemistry, 83, 221-226. doi:10.1007/BF00953987 [34] Wasserman, R.H., Smith, C.A., Smith, C.M., Brindak, M.E., Fullmer, L.C.S., Krook, J.T. and Penniston, R.K. (1991) Immunohistochemical localization of a calcium pump and calbindin-D28k in the oviduct of the laying hen. Histochemistry, 96, 413-418. doi:10.1007/BF00315999
[1] Belkacemi, L., Bédard, I., Simoneau, L. and Lafond, J. (2005) Calcium channels, trasporters and exchangers in placenta: A review. Cell Calcium, 37, 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2004.06.010 [2] Marin, R., Riquelme, G., Godoy, V., Diaz, P., Abad, C., Caires, R., Proverbio, T., Pinero, S. and Proverbio, F. (2008) Functional and structural demonstration of the presence of Ca-ATPase (PMCA) in both microvillous and basal plasma membranes from syncytiotrophoblast of human term placenta. Placenta, 29, 671-679. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2008.06.003 [3] Ramberg Jr., C.F., Delivoria-Papadopoulos, M., Crandall, E.D. and Kronfeld, D.S. (1973) Kinetic analysis of calcium transport across the placenta. Journal of Applied Physiology, 35, 682-688. [4] Lester, G.E. (1986) Cholecalciferol and placental calcium transport. Federation Proceedings, 45, 2524-2527. [5] Smith, C.H. and Moe, A.J. (1992) Nutrient transport pathways across the epithelium of the placenta. Annual Reviews of Nutrition, 12, 183-206. doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.12.070192.001151 [6] Brunette, M.G. (1988) Calcium transport through the placenta. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 66, 1261-1269. doi:10.1139/y88-207 [7] Hosking, D.J. (1996) Calcium ho-meostasis in pregnancy. Clinical Endocrinology, 45, 1-6. [8] Husain, S.M. and Mughal, M.Z. (1992) Mineral transport across the placenta. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 67, 874-878. doi:10.1136/adc.67.7_Spec_No.874 [9] Care, A.D. (1997) Fetal calcium homeostasis. Equine Veterinary Journal, 24, 59-61. [10] Leiser, R. and Kaufmann, P. (1994) Placental structure: in a comparative aspect. Experimental Clinical Endocrinology, 102, 122-134. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1211275 [11] Stulc, J. and Stulcová, B. (1986) Transport of calcium by the placenta of the rat. Journal of Physiology, 371, 1-16. [12] Bond, H., Dilworth, M.R., Baker, B., Cowley, E., Jimenez, A.R., Boyd, R.D.H., Husain, S.M., Ward, B.S., Sibley, C.P. and Glazier, J.D. (2008) Increased maternofetal calcium flux in parathyroid hormone-related protein-null mice. Journal of Physiology, 586, 2015-2025. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.149104 [13] Sweiry, J.H. and Yudi-levich, D.L. (1984) Asymmetric calcium influx and efflux at maternal and fetal sides of the guinea-pig placenta: Kinetics and specificity. Journal of Physiology, 355, 295-311. [14] Weatherley, A.J., Ross, R., Pickard, D.W. and Care, A.D. (1983) The transfer of calcium during perfusion of the placenta in intact and thyroparathyroidectomized sheep. Placenta, 4, 271-278. doi:10.1016/S0143-4004(83)80006-X [15] Delivoria- Papadopoulos, M., Battaglia, F.C., Bruns, P.D. and Meschia, G. (1967) Total, protein-bound and ultrafiltered calcium in maternal and fetal plasmas. American Journal of Physiology, 213, 363-366. [16] Twardock, A.R. and Austin, M.K. (1970) Cal-cium transfer in perfused guinea pig placenta. American Journal of Physiology, 219, 540-545. [17] Reiswig, J.D., Frazer, G.S. and Inpanbutr, N. (1995) Calbindin-D9k expression in the pregnant cow uterus and placenta. Histochemistry Cellular Biology, 104, 169-174. doi:10.1007/BF01451576 [18] Wooding, F.B.P., Morgan, G., Jones, G.V. and Care, A.D. (1996) Calcium transport and the localization of calbidin- D9K in the ruminant placenta during the second half of pregnancy. Cell Tissue Research, 285, 477-489. doi:10.1007/s004410050664 [19] Wooding, F.B.P., Morgan, G., Fowden, A.L. and Allen, W.R. (2000) Separate sites and mechanisms for placental transport of calcium, iron and glucose in the equine placenta. Placenta, 21, 635-645. doi:10.1053/plac.2000.0550 [20] Nikitenko, L., Morgan, G., Kolesnikov, S.I. and Wooding, F.B.P. (1998) Immunocyto-chemical and in situ hybridization studies of the distribution of Calbidin D9k in the bovine placenta throughout pregnancy. The Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, 46, 679-688. doi:10.1177/002215549804600513 [21] Kamath, S.G., Haider, N. and Smith, C.H. (1994) ATP independent calcium transport and binding by basal plasma membrane of human placenta. Placenta, 15, 147-155. doi:10.1016/S0143-4004(05)80451-5 [22] Prentice, A. (2000) Maternal calcium metabolism and one mineral status 1-3. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71, 1312S-1316S. [23] Moreau, R., Daoud, G., Bernatchez, R., Simoneau, L., Masse, A. and Lafond, J. (2002) Calcium uptake and calcium transporter expression by trophoblast cells from human term placenta. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1564, 325-332. doi:10.1016/S0005-2736(02)00466-2 [24] Robinson, N.R., Sibley, C.P., Mughal, M.Z. and Boyd, R.D.H. (1989) Fetal control of calcium transport across the rat placenta. Pe-diatric Research, 26, 109-115. doi:10.1203/00006450-198908000-00008 [25] Plumlee, M.P., Hansard, S.L., Comar, C.L. and Beeson, M.W. (1952) Placental transfer and deposition of labeled calcium in the developing bovine fetus. American Journal of Physiology, 171, 678-686 [26] Care, A.D. (1986) Placental transfer of calcium to the ovine fetus and its regulation. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 46, 321-329. doi:10.1079/PNS19870040 [27] Jones, G.V., Taylo, K.R., Morgan, G., Wooding, F.B.P. and Care, A.D. (1997) Aspects of calcium transport by the ovine placenta: Studies based on the interplacentomal region of the chorion. Placenta, 18, 357-364. doi:10.1016/S0143-4004(97)80070-7 [28] Kane, S.V. and Acquah, L.A. (2009) Placental transport of immunoglobulins: A clinical review for gastroenterologists who prescribe therapeutic monoclonal antibodies to women during conception and pregnancy. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 104, 228-233. doi:10.1038/ajg.2008.71 [29] Abrams, S.A. (2007) In utero physiology: Role in nutrient delivery and fetal development for calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D1-4. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85, 604S-607S. [30] Akins, R.E. and Tuan, R.S. (1993) Transepithelial calcium transport in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. II. Compartmentalization of calcium during uptake. Journal of Cell Science, 105, 381-388. [31] Pitkin, R.M. (1985) Calcium metabolism in pregnancy and the perinatal period. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 151, 99-109. [32] Herbert, J.F., Lindsay, L.A., Murphy, C.R. and Thompson, M.B. (2006) Calcium transport across the uterine epithelium of pregnant lizards. Herpetological Monographs, 20, 205-211. doi:10.1655/0733-1347(2007)20[205:CTATUE]2.0.CO;2 [33] Yamamoto, T., Yamamoto, H. and Ozawa, H.N. (1985) Histo-chemical studies of Ca-ATPase, succinate and NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases in the shell gland of laying Japanese quails: With special reference to calcium-transporting cells. Histochemistry, 83, 221-226. doi:10.1007/BF00953987 [34] Wasserman, R.H., Smith, C.A., Smith, C.M., Brindak, M.E., Fullmer, L.C.S., Krook, J.T. and Penniston, R.K. (1991) Immunohistochemical localization of a calcium pump and calbindin-D28k in the oviduct of the laying hen. Histochemistry, 96, 413-418. doi:10.1007/BF00315999