[1] McClave, S.A., Martindale, R.G., Vanek, V.W., McCarthy, M., Roberts, P., Taylor, B., Ochoa, J.B., Napolitano, L. and Cresci, G. (2009) Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 33, 277-316. doi:10.1177/0148607109335234
[2] Wischmeyer, P.E. and Heyland, D.K. (2010) The future of critical care nutrition therapy. Critical Care Clinics, 26, 433-441. doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2010.04.011
[3] Kattelmann, K.K., Hise, M., Russell, M., Charney, P., Stokes, M. and Compher, C. (2006) Preliminary evidence for a medical nutrition therapy protocol: Enteral feedings for critically ill patients. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 106, 1226-1241. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.05.320
[4] Andersen, H.K., Lewis, S.J. and Thomas, S. (2006) Early enteral nutrition within 24h of colorectal surgery versus later commencement of feeding for postoperative complications. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD004080.
[5] Khalid, I., Doshi, P. and DiGiovine, B. (2010) Early enteral nutrition and outcomes of critically ill patients treated with vasopressors and mechanical ventilation. American Journal of Critical Care, 19, 261-268. doi:10.4037/ajcc2010197
[6] Artinian, V., Krayem, H. and DiGiovine, B. (2006) Effects of early enteral feeding on the outcome of critically ill mechanically ventilated medical patients. Chest, 129, 960-967. doi:10.1378/chest.129.4.960
[7] Heyland, D.K., Dhaliwal, R., Drover, J.W., Gramlich, L. and Dodek, P. (2003) Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 27, 355-373. doi:10.1177/0148607103027005355
[8] 2009 Clinical Practice Guidelines. The Use of EN vs PN, 8 October 2012. http://www.criticalcarenutrition.com/docs/cpg/1.0envspn_07_FINAL.pdf.
[9] Cangelosi, M.J., Auerbach, H.R. and Cohen, J.T. (2011) A clinical and economic evaluation of enteral nutrition. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 27, 413-422. doi:10.1185/03007995.2010.545816
[10] Jensen, G.L., Mirtallo, J., Compher, C., Dhaliwal, R., Forbes, A., Grijalba, R.F., Hardy, G., Kondrup, J., Labadarios, D., Nyulasi, I., Castillo Pineda, J.C. and Waitzberg, D. (2010) Adult starvation and disease-related malnutrition: A proposal for etiology-based diagnosis in the clinical practice setting from the International Consensus Guideline Committee. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 34, 156-159. doi:10.1177/0148607110361910
[11] Marik, P.E. and Zaloga, G.P. (2004) Meta-analysis of parenteral nutrition versus enteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis. British Medical Journal, 328, 1407. doi:10.1136/bmj.38118.593900.55
[12] Hegazi, R., Raina, A., Graham, T., Rolniak, S., Centa, P., Kandil, H. and O’Keefe, S.J. (2011) Early jejunal feeding initiation and clinical outcomes in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 35, 91-96. doi:10.1177/0148607110376196
[13] Edes, T.E., Walk, B.E. and Austin, J.L. (1990) Diarrhea in tubefed patients: Feeding formula not necessarily the cause. The American Journal of Medicine, 88, 91-93. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(90)90454-L
[14] Btaiche, I.F., Chan, L.N., Pleva, M. and Kraft, M.D. (2010) Critical illness, gastrointestinal complications, and medication therapy during enteral feeding in critically ill adult patients. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 25, 32-49. doi:10.1177/0884533609357565